IBM blue brain

1. PRESENTATION
ON
BRAIN CHIPS
BY SHIVAM CHADDHA

3. OVERVIEW OF BRAINCHIPS
• Introduction
• Evolution towards implantable brain chips.
• Achievements.
• Benefits of brain chips.
• Drawbacks of brain chips.
• Future of brain chips.
• Conclusion.

4. INTRODUCTION
• Brain implants are technological devices
that connect directly to a biological
subject's brain
• Are usually placed on the surface of the
brain, or attached to the brain's cortex.
• Brain chips can enhance memory of
human beings,help paralysed patients and
are intended for military purposes.

5. • It develops direct interface between brain and
computers.
• Implantable computer chips acts as sensors
and even provide fluency in new language.
• A common purpose of modern brain implants a
is establishing a biomedical dysfunctional after
a stroke or other head injuries.
• Brain Gate is a device that was designed to
help those who have lost control of their

6. EVOLUTION TOWARDS
BRAIN CHIPS
• It is the most complicated area of
research.
• JOSE DELGADO in 1950 implanted
electrodes in animal brains and attached
them to a “stimoceiver” under the skull.

8. • Studies in human subjects with implanted
electrodes have demonstrated that electrical
stimulation of the depth of brain can induce
pleasurable manifestations, as evidenced by
spontaneous verbal reports of patients their,
facial expression and general behaviour,and
their desire to repeat the experience.
•Many mysteries of the brain were unfolded like
The sensation of suffering pain could be reduced
by stimulating frontal lobes of the brain.

10. • A chip in braingate system is of 100 hair thin
electrodes.
• It senses electromagnetic signature of
neutrons.
• The brain chip provides fast
connection between the brain
and realible
of severely
disabled person and personnel computer.

11. BRAINGATE TECHNOLOGY
•Braingate is a technology that can be
implemented in the brain. When it is
implemented in the brain, the electrical signal is
exchanged by neurons within the brain. Those
signals are sent to the brain and it executes
body movement. All the signalling process is
handled by a special software. The signal is sent
to the computer and then the computer is
controlled by patient.

12. PRINCIPLE
•With intact brain function ,brain
generated even though they are
signals are
not sent to
arms,legs and hands.
•The signals are interpreted and transmitted into
cursor movements.

13. HARDWARE COMPONENTS
•The chip
•The connector
•The converter
•The computer

14. THE CHIP
• A Four millimeter square silicon chip
studded with 100 hair-thin, micro
electrodes is embedded in brain’s primary
motor cortex.
• The sensors detects tiny electrical signals
generated when a user imagines.

15. THE CONNECTOR
•The signal from the brain is transmitted through
the pedestal plug attached to the skull

16. CONVERTER
• The signal travels to an amplifier where it
is converted to optical data and bounced
by fibre-optic cable to a computer.

17. COMPUTER
•A brain-computer interface uses
control
electrophysiological signals to
remote devices.
• The Brain Computer Interface which are
invasive is preferable.
• The electrodes pick up the brain’s
electrical activity (at the microvolt level)
and carry it into amplifiers.

18. COMPUTER
• These amplifiers the signal
amplify
approximately ten thousand times and
analog to
then pass the signal
digital converter to
via an
a computer for
processing.
• The computer processes the EEG signal
and uses it in order to accomplish tasks
such as communication and environmental

19. Achievements In This Field
• Brain “pace makers”
They are implantable silicon neurons that
would perform the function of a part of
brain that has been damaged by stroke or
epilepsy.

20. Retinomorphic chip
• Retinomorphic chip is a silicon device similar
to the human eye, picks out the kinds of
features and facial patterns that we use to
recognize people and read their emotional
state.
• It contains nearly 6000 photoreceptors and
4000 synthetic nerve connections .The chip
is only 1/8 th the size of retina .It uses only
0.06 watts.

22. Remote controlled Rat
• Movement signals are transmitted from
computer to the brain of rat through a
radio receiver strapped to its back.
• Military purposes and human rescue
operations

23. Challenges Faced by
Scientists
• Interface between biology and technology.
• Giving a paralyzed person complete
control over robotic arms.
• Decreasing the size of chip.

24. Applications:
•
•
•
•
•
Navigate Internet.
Play Computer Games.
Turn Lights On and Off.
Control Television.
Control Robotic Arm.

25. • This technology is well supported by the latest
fields of
• Biomedical Instrumentation,
• Micro electronics, signal processing,
• Artificial Neural Networks and Robotics which
has overwhelming developments.
• Hope these systems will be effectively
implemented for many Biomedical applications.

26. FIRST PATIENT
• The first patient, Matthew Nagle, a 25 year
old man with a severe spinal cord injury,
has been paralyzed from the neck down
since 2001. Nagle is unable to move his
arms and legs after he was stabbed in the
neck.

27. Benefits of Brain Chips
• It will
senses.
increase the dynamic ranging of
• It will give light to blind and give paralyzed
patients full mental control of limbs.
• No genetic modifications in
generation.
the next

28. Disadvantages:
• Research is still in the beginning stages.
• The current technology is crude.
• Ethical issues may prevent its development.
• Electrodes outside of the skull can detect very
few electric signals from the brain.
• Electrodes placed inside the skull create scar
tissue in the brain.
• Safety
• Individual needs are not realized.
• It may create social inequality.

29. Conclusion
▪ The BrainGate helps the patients who cannot
perform even simple actions without the help of
another person.
▪ Such paitents are able to do things like
checking e-mails, turn the TV on or off, and
control a prosthetic arm with just their thoughts.

30. • Brain Chip technology does not promise
miracles. For instance, say that a paralysed
man will one day walk using an artificial leg by
his thoughts alone.

31. REFERENCES
• BrainGate gets a new lease on life, The
Boston Globe, August, 2009
• ^ Jump up to:a b
BrainGate intellectual property
and patents
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrainGate
• https://www.slideshare.net/CrGaurav/brain-
chips
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_implant