Dual-purpose crop developments, fodder trading and feed processing options fo...ILRI
Invited lead paper presented by M. Blümmel, S.A. Tarawali, N. Teufel and I.A. Wright at the International Dairy Conference 2010 held at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, April 3-4, 2010
Opportunities from multi-dimensional crop improvement and the supporting role...ILRI
This document discusses opportunities for improving crop residues as animal feed sources through multi-dimensional crop improvement supported by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) networks. It notes that crop residues make up the majority of livestock feed in places like India. Small differences in crop residue quality can significantly impact livestock productivity. Existing cultivar variations and targeted genetic enhancement through conventional breeding or molecular tools can exploit differences and improve crop residue quality. NIRS hubs could help support high-throughput phenotyping needed for this multi-dimensional crop improvement.
Animal nutrition approaches for profitable livestock operations and sustainab...ILRI
Presented by Blümmel, M.1, Garg, M.R.,2 Jones, C.1, Baltenweck, I.1 and Staal, S. at the Indian Animal Nutrition Association XI Biennial Conference, Patna, India, 19-21 November 2018
Dehulling characteristics of oat (ol 9 variety) as affected by grain moisture...eSAT Publishing House
This document studied the effect of grain moisture content on the dehulling characteristics of oat (OL-9 variety) using an indigenously developed small scale impact oat dehuller. Dehulling efficiency and groat recovery significantly increased as grain moisture increased from 10% to 16%, while broken content significantly decreased as moisture increased from 10% to 19%. Regression equations were developed relating grain moisture to dehulling parameters. Optimum moisture content for impact dehulling was determined to be 16%.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the feed intake and carcass characteristics of Bunaji bulls fed diets containing varying levels of raw or parboiled rice offal. Twenty bulls were assigned to one of five dietary treatments containing either 0%, 20%, or 30% raw or parboiled rice offal and fed for 90 days. Carcass evaluation of 15 bulls showed some carcass characteristics like legs, spleen, empty stomach, empty intestine, fat deposits varied significantly depending on the type of rice offal, with parboiled generally higher. Inclusion level of rice offal also significantly affected some carcass traits like dressing percentage and fat levels. The study concluded diets with 30% raw or par
Digestibility level of cacao waste fiber fraction fermented with indigenous m...AI Publications
This document summarizes a study on the digestibility of cacao waste fiber fractions fermented with indigenous microorganisms in sheep. Sixteen sheep aged 6-12 months were fed one of four ration treatments: A) 40% concentrate and 60% forage, B) 40% concentrate, 30% grass, and 30% fermented leaves, C) 40% concentrate, 30% grass, and 30% fermented cacao rind, or D) 40% concentrate, 30% grass, 15% fermented leaves, and 15% fermented cacao rind. The study found that fermenting cacao waste improved fiber fraction digestibility and increased sheep weight gain compared to the control group fed only forage
Dual-purpose crop developments, fodder trading and feed processing options fo...ILRI
Invited lead paper presented by M. Blümmel, S.A. Tarawali, N. Teufel and I.A. Wright at the International Dairy Conference 2010 held at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, April 3-4, 2010
Opportunities from multi-dimensional crop improvement and the supporting role...ILRI
This document discusses opportunities for improving crop residues as animal feed sources through multi-dimensional crop improvement supported by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) networks. It notes that crop residues make up the majority of livestock feed in places like India. Small differences in crop residue quality can significantly impact livestock productivity. Existing cultivar variations and targeted genetic enhancement through conventional breeding or molecular tools can exploit differences and improve crop residue quality. NIRS hubs could help support high-throughput phenotyping needed for this multi-dimensional crop improvement.
Animal nutrition approaches for profitable livestock operations and sustainab...ILRI
Presented by Blümmel, M.1, Garg, M.R.,2 Jones, C.1, Baltenweck, I.1 and Staal, S. at the Indian Animal Nutrition Association XI Biennial Conference, Patna, India, 19-21 November 2018
Dehulling characteristics of oat (ol 9 variety) as affected by grain moisture...eSAT Publishing House
This document studied the effect of grain moisture content on the dehulling characteristics of oat (OL-9 variety) using an indigenously developed small scale impact oat dehuller. Dehulling efficiency and groat recovery significantly increased as grain moisture increased from 10% to 16%, while broken content significantly decreased as moisture increased from 10% to 19%. Regression equations were developed relating grain moisture to dehulling parameters. Optimum moisture content for impact dehulling was determined to be 16%.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the feed intake and carcass characteristics of Bunaji bulls fed diets containing varying levels of raw or parboiled rice offal. Twenty bulls were assigned to one of five dietary treatments containing either 0%, 20%, or 30% raw or parboiled rice offal and fed for 90 days. Carcass evaluation of 15 bulls showed some carcass characteristics like legs, spleen, empty stomach, empty intestine, fat deposits varied significantly depending on the type of rice offal, with parboiled generally higher. Inclusion level of rice offal also significantly affected some carcass traits like dressing percentage and fat levels. The study concluded diets with 30% raw or par
Digestibility level of cacao waste fiber fraction fermented with indigenous m...AI Publications
This document summarizes a study on the digestibility of cacao waste fiber fractions fermented with indigenous microorganisms in sheep. Sixteen sheep aged 6-12 months were fed one of four ration treatments: A) 40% concentrate and 60% forage, B) 40% concentrate, 30% grass, and 30% fermented leaves, C) 40% concentrate, 30% grass, and 30% fermented cacao rind, or D) 40% concentrate, 30% grass, 15% fermented leaves, and 15% fermented cacao rind. The study found that fermenting cacao waste improved fiber fraction digestibility and increased sheep weight gain compared to the control group fed only forage
Alam et al. 2014, Food and Bioprocess TechnologySyed Ariful Alam
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of particle size reduction on the structural and mechanical properties of extruded rye bran. The study found that reducing the particle size of rye bran resulted in extrudates that were more expanded, less hard, more crispy and porous compared to those made from coarser rye bran. Specifically, rye bran milled to an average size of 28 μm produced extrudates that were 179-223% more expanded, 145-336 N less hard, had 2.7-7.2 times greater crispiness, and were 79.2-83.9% porous compared to extrudates from coarser rye bran of 440-1,250 μm. The
High feedstuffs costs: Improving nutritional value of swine diets by processi...Milling and Grain magazine
This document summarizes an article from the May/June 2014 issue of Grain & Feed Milling Technology magazine. The article discusses how optimizing feed milling processes can improve the nutritional value of swine diets and reduce production costs. Specifically, it addresses the impact of grinding, pelleting and other processing conditions. Finer grinding was shown to improve nutrient digestibility. Pelleting increased feed efficiency over meal diets by reducing particle size and potentially improving starch gelatinization and protein denaturation. Processing conditions like temperature and pellet quality significantly influence the benefits of pelleting. Optimizing these milling factors can enhance pig performance and profits.
This study investigated the effects of process conditions on properties of an instant grain base made by extruding a blend of wheat, mungbean, and groundnut. Extrusion was performed at different moisture contents, screw speeds, and barrel temperatures. Response surface methodology was used to develop models relating these input variables to outputs like specific mechanical energy, expansion ratio, density, water absorption index, and water solubility index. Regression analysis found the models to be highly significant in predicting the outputs. Optimization found the optimum conditions were 14.08% moisture, 521 rpm screw speed, and 140°C temperature.
Synergetic effect of cassava sievate soybean milk residue mixtures as replace...Alexander Decker
This study investigated replacing maize with cassava sievate/soybean milk residue mixtures in diets for growing rabbits over 56 days. Four diets were formulated with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% replacement. Replacing maize with the mixtures significantly improved final weight, daily weight gain, and reduced cost per kg weight gain compared to the control. The 50% replacement diet resulted in the lowest cost per kg gain without affecting digestibility, carcass characteristics, or health. Including the cassava/soybean mixtures can thus partially replace expensive maize in rabbit diets, enhancing growth and reducing production costs for farmers.
Assessing the nutritional status of four indigenous breeds of cattleAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed the nutritional status of four breeds of cattle (Bunaji, Rahaji, Sokoto Gudali, and Azawak) in Nigeria using blood metabolites. The study found:
1) There were significant differences between breeds for creatinine, total protein, blood urea nitrogen, and blood glucose levels at various times during the 90-day study.
2) In general, the results did not identify any clear nutritional constraints to productivity among the breeds.
3) Glucose, albumin and urea results indicate that dietary energy and protein were not limiting for the cattle.
Optimization and Modeling of Energy Bars Based Formulations by Simplex Lattic...AI Publications
Simplex lattice mixture design was utilized to optimize high caloric and acceptable energy bars. Fourteen formulations of injera were produced from flour blends of high quality cassava flour (0–100%), toasted bambara groundnut (0–100%) and roasted cashew kernel(0–100%).The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of varying the proportions of the independent variables on these dependent variables (proteins, fats, carbohydrate) and general acceptability qualities of the energy bars. Proteins, Fats and Carbohydrates were indicators of the calorie values of these energy bars. Mixture response surface methodology was used to model the proteins, fats, carbohydrates and general acceptability with single, binary and ternary combinations of high quality cassava flour, toasted bambara groundnut and roasted cashew kernel flours. The effect of variation in levels of cassava, bambara groundnut and cashew kernel flours on the fats, proteins, carbohydrates and general acceptability of the formulated energy bars were adequately predicted with regression equation. The statistical adequacy of the generated polynomial equation of the responses was checked using the following indices: F-value at p0.05, coefficient of determination R2, Adj. R2, lack of fit, and coefficient of variation (CV). Optimization suggested energy bars containing 61.40 % high quality cassava flour, 0.00 % bambara groundnut flour and 38.6 % cashew kernel flour as the best proportion of these components with a desirability of 0.775. Numerical optimization indicated that better sensory and high calorific qualities are directly related with the proportion of cassava flour, bambara groundnut flour and cashew kernel flour respectively. The optimum blends as validated showed a close relationship between the predicted and experimental values.
The document summarizes efforts to strengthen rice breeding programs in the Mekong region. It describes:
1) Major rice growing areas and constraints like submergence, brown plant hopper, and diseases.
2) Goals of improving grain quality and resistance to stresses through molecular breeding techniques.
3) Phased regional workshops and training to transfer DNA and marker technologies to breeding institutes in the region to convert popular varieties.
4) Establishment of a research hub to facilitate gene and marker discovery and sharing of genotyping and phenotyping resources.
1) The study investigated the effects of supplementing the diet of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) with starch extracted from three cassava varieties on their behavior, reproduction, and oxidative status.
2) Results showed that flies fed diets supplemented with starch from two of the cassava varieties (TMS 30572 and local sweet cassava) had higher survival rates and faster recovery from chill-induced coma compared to flies fed normal diet or diet supplemented with starch from the third variety (TMS 92/0326).
3) Flies fed the starch-supplemented diets also had greater egg to adult viability and higher antioxidant enzyme activities, suggesting the starch provided a protective effect against oxidative stress.
This study analyzed the growth and nutrient uptake of traditional rice cultivars grown in Sri Lanka's Midcountry Wet Zone with compost. It found that while Sudu Heenati had the highest leaf area, plant height, and biomass, there were no significant differences in yield between the varieties. Baranigala performed well and had lower inputs, making it a suitable low-input variety for the region. The study aims to identify traditional rice varieties that provide high yields with reduced fertilizer and chemical use.
This study evaluated the yield performance of traditional rice varieties compared to new improved varieties in Sri Lanka's mid country wet zone. Four traditional varieties (Baranigala, Kiri Murunga, Sudu Heenati, Kalu Heenati) and one new variety (BG-300) grown with organic or chemical fertilizers were compared. The traditional varieties generally had higher numbers of spikelets per panicle, thousand grain weights, yields, crude protein contents, rice to paddy ratios, and head rice yields compared to the new variety. The results suggest that in low potential paddy lands, traditional rice varieties are better suited than new improved varieties in terms of both quality and quantity of yield.
Breeding high-iron pearl millet cultivars: present status and future prospectsICRISAT
Micronutrient deficiencies are widespread in developing nations where cereals are staple foods. Pearl millet is an important staple in Africa and Asia. ICRISAT is conducting pearl millet biofortification research to improve iron and zinc densities. They have identified large genetic variability for iron (31-125 mg/kg) and zinc (35-82 mg/kg) among breeding lines. X-ray fluorescence allows rapid, low-cost screening of large numbers of lines. Several high-iron and high-yielding hybrids have been developed and adopted by farmers, including the first biofortified variety Dhanashakti. Future work includes integrating genomic tools and mainstreaming biofortification into breeding programs.
The world grain price is increasing day by day and the industry is facing several challenges to produce good quality animal products with reasonable price for consumers. Similarly, the poultry industry in Bangladesh is also fighting with high grain prices to maintain its production with marginal profit. Small and medium poultry farm owners are mainly affected and losing their capital investment in this sector.
Site Effects on Energy, Phytonutrients and Anti-Nutrient Contents of Ruminant...Premier Publishers
Feed constitutes about 80% of the total livestock production cost in Nigeria. The problem is more critical during the dry season more especially for ruminants. This study was conducted to determine the effect of location on chemical composition of sugarcane peels as animal feed in Kano State, Nigeria. The three sugarcane peel samples used for the study were from three different locations namely; Kano, Kaduna and mixed sugarcane peel (Kano and Kaduna). Known weights of the peels were sun dried and determined in the laboratory for proximate, energy, pH and phytonutrients. Results showed that ether extract, nitrogen-free extract, and dry matter were influenced by the location. Energy values (3891. 34 – 4037.53kcal/kg) were also affected (P< 0.05) by location of the sugarcane peels meal. Crude protein (6.02 – 8.20%), crude fiber (29.99 – 30.22%) and ash were not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by location. The cellulose, hemicelluloses, NDF, ADF, and ADL of sugarcane peels meal were all significantly (P <0.05) affected by the location. The pH values (6.38 – 6.67) were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by location. The phytonutrients of all the components were not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by the location. Based on these findings, sugarcane peels meal from all the locations can serve as an alternative feed ingredient for ruminants, since the peels contained substantial amount of energy and protein. However, the peels meal can also be safe for ruminants’ feedings because it contained small amounts of anti-nutritional factors.
The study investigated the comparative performance of Pekin, Muscovy, and Deshi White broiler duck breeds under farmers' conditions in Bangladesh. Over 9 weeks:
1) Pekin ducks achieved the highest final live weight of 1763g and lowest feed conversion ratio, while Deshi White had the lowest final weight of 1208g and highest feed conversion ratio.
2) Pekin ducks consumed the most feed but were the most economically profitable due to their higher weight gains and lower production costs, yielding the highest gross margin of Tk. 34.93 per duck.
3) Mortality was not significantly different between breeds. Pekin ducks also had the highest dressing yield of 70
Proceeding of FAVA: Sperm Freezability of Various Breed of Bulls at Lembang A...anbiocore
This study analyzed data from the Lembang AI Center from 2016-2017 to compare the percentage of discarded sperm during cryopreservation processing for different breeds of bulls. The results showed that dairy bulls had higher levels of discarded sperm compared to exotic and local bulls, at 39.05% in 2017 compared to 31.15% in 2016. Several factors were found to influence sperm quality and freezability, including breed, season, environment, nutrition, and semen processing methods. Improved nutrition through supplemental forages starting in late 2016 was found to correlate with increasing frozen semen production and decreasing discarded sperm in late 2016 and 2017. The study concluded that dairy bull maintenance and semen evaluation need improvement, and genetic
Frontier Research in Animal Nutrition and Feed Science 2021-Anuraga Jayanegaraheru dumadi
This document discusses frontier research areas in animal nutrition and feed science, including evaluating the environmental impact of animal agriculture, improving the quality of animal products, and supporting animal health. It also covers developing advanced feeding systems to better evaluate nutrient requirements, applying multi-omics approaches to study genomics and microbiomes, developing novel feed additives, and using big data analytics.
Application of ultrafiltration technique for the quality improvement of dahi ...Ganga Sahay Meena
This document describes a study on using ultrafiltration techniques to improve the quality of dahi, a fermented milk product from India. Ultrafiltered buffalo milk with varying protein levels was used to produce dahi. Dahi made from ultrafiltered milk showed increased firmness, stickiness, sensory scores and decreased whey separation compared to the control dahi made without ultrafiltration. Principal component analysis revealed that protein content was positively correlated with attributes like firmness while negatively correlated with whey separation. Overall, ultrafiltration improved the quality attributes of dahi by increasing the protein levels in milk.
The effect of different physical form feeds (pellet and mash) and stocking density on the growth performance characteristics of carcass and immunity of Ross-308 broiler chicks were studied. A total of 1800 one day-old ross-308 mixed-sex broilers were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates of 75 birds each. They were arranged in a 2×3 factorial design: two feed forms (mash and pellet) and three stocking density (10, 14 and 18 bird/m2). Live body Weight (LW), Weight Gain (WG), Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were measured periodically (0-10, 11-24 and 25-42 days). Carcass components and litter quality were recorded at the end of the trial (day 45). Also antibody titer against SRBC, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio were measured in 45 day of age. The highest body weight in grower period was observed in the pellet diet form (p<0.05). Also the highest Body Weight (BW) and Body Weight Gain (BWG) in the starter period was observed in the lowest stocking density treatment (10 bird/m2) (p<0.05). Physical form of diet had no significant effect on feed intake, BW and FCR throughout the periods. However the broiler feed intake was significantly influenced by stocking density and a decrease in the high stocking density group (18 bird/m2). Different types of feed and stocking density had no significant effect on carcass characteristics, antibody titer and H:L ratio. Use of pellet form diet and high stocking density treatment (18 bird/m2) significantly increased broiler litter moisture (P<0.05).
Potential and limitations of by-product based feeding systems to mitigate gre...ILRI
Presentation by M. Blümmel, S. Anandan, and C.S. Prasad to the 13th Biennial Animal Nutrition Conference of the Animal Nutrition Society of India: Diversification of Animal Nutrition Research in the Changing Scenario, Bangalore, India, 17-19 December 2009.
Feed the Future: Using crop by-products to intensify and sustain food productionILRI
This document discusses using crop byproducts to intensify and sustain food production. It argues that byproducts are already the most important feed resource and targeting them can increase overall productivity without competing for land. Small differences in feed quality can significantly impact livestock productivity. These differences can be exploited through plant breeding, feed mixes, supplementation, and processing. Improving feed quality combined with other interventions could boost milk yields in India while reducing environmental impacts like greenhouse gas emissions per unit of milk. Larger demonstrations are still needed but collaborative research programs provide frameworks to implement these approaches at scale.
Alam et al. 2014, Food and Bioprocess TechnologySyed Ariful Alam
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of particle size reduction on the structural and mechanical properties of extruded rye bran. The study found that reducing the particle size of rye bran resulted in extrudates that were more expanded, less hard, more crispy and porous compared to those made from coarser rye bran. Specifically, rye bran milled to an average size of 28 μm produced extrudates that were 179-223% more expanded, 145-336 N less hard, had 2.7-7.2 times greater crispiness, and were 79.2-83.9% porous compared to extrudates from coarser rye bran of 440-1,250 μm. The
High feedstuffs costs: Improving nutritional value of swine diets by processi...Milling and Grain magazine
This document summarizes an article from the May/June 2014 issue of Grain & Feed Milling Technology magazine. The article discusses how optimizing feed milling processes can improve the nutritional value of swine diets and reduce production costs. Specifically, it addresses the impact of grinding, pelleting and other processing conditions. Finer grinding was shown to improve nutrient digestibility. Pelleting increased feed efficiency over meal diets by reducing particle size and potentially improving starch gelatinization and protein denaturation. Processing conditions like temperature and pellet quality significantly influence the benefits of pelleting. Optimizing these milling factors can enhance pig performance and profits.
This study investigated the effects of process conditions on properties of an instant grain base made by extruding a blend of wheat, mungbean, and groundnut. Extrusion was performed at different moisture contents, screw speeds, and barrel temperatures. Response surface methodology was used to develop models relating these input variables to outputs like specific mechanical energy, expansion ratio, density, water absorption index, and water solubility index. Regression analysis found the models to be highly significant in predicting the outputs. Optimization found the optimum conditions were 14.08% moisture, 521 rpm screw speed, and 140°C temperature.
Synergetic effect of cassava sievate soybean milk residue mixtures as replace...Alexander Decker
This study investigated replacing maize with cassava sievate/soybean milk residue mixtures in diets for growing rabbits over 56 days. Four diets were formulated with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% replacement. Replacing maize with the mixtures significantly improved final weight, daily weight gain, and reduced cost per kg weight gain compared to the control. The 50% replacement diet resulted in the lowest cost per kg gain without affecting digestibility, carcass characteristics, or health. Including the cassava/soybean mixtures can thus partially replace expensive maize in rabbit diets, enhancing growth and reducing production costs for farmers.
Assessing the nutritional status of four indigenous breeds of cattleAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed the nutritional status of four breeds of cattle (Bunaji, Rahaji, Sokoto Gudali, and Azawak) in Nigeria using blood metabolites. The study found:
1) There were significant differences between breeds for creatinine, total protein, blood urea nitrogen, and blood glucose levels at various times during the 90-day study.
2) In general, the results did not identify any clear nutritional constraints to productivity among the breeds.
3) Glucose, albumin and urea results indicate that dietary energy and protein were not limiting for the cattle.
Optimization and Modeling of Energy Bars Based Formulations by Simplex Lattic...AI Publications
Simplex lattice mixture design was utilized to optimize high caloric and acceptable energy bars. Fourteen formulations of injera were produced from flour blends of high quality cassava flour (0–100%), toasted bambara groundnut (0–100%) and roasted cashew kernel(0–100%).The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of varying the proportions of the independent variables on these dependent variables (proteins, fats, carbohydrate) and general acceptability qualities of the energy bars. Proteins, Fats and Carbohydrates were indicators of the calorie values of these energy bars. Mixture response surface methodology was used to model the proteins, fats, carbohydrates and general acceptability with single, binary and ternary combinations of high quality cassava flour, toasted bambara groundnut and roasted cashew kernel flours. The effect of variation in levels of cassava, bambara groundnut and cashew kernel flours on the fats, proteins, carbohydrates and general acceptability of the formulated energy bars were adequately predicted with regression equation. The statistical adequacy of the generated polynomial equation of the responses was checked using the following indices: F-value at p0.05, coefficient of determination R2, Adj. R2, lack of fit, and coefficient of variation (CV). Optimization suggested energy bars containing 61.40 % high quality cassava flour, 0.00 % bambara groundnut flour and 38.6 % cashew kernel flour as the best proportion of these components with a desirability of 0.775. Numerical optimization indicated that better sensory and high calorific qualities are directly related with the proportion of cassava flour, bambara groundnut flour and cashew kernel flour respectively. The optimum blends as validated showed a close relationship between the predicted and experimental values.
The document summarizes efforts to strengthen rice breeding programs in the Mekong region. It describes:
1) Major rice growing areas and constraints like submergence, brown plant hopper, and diseases.
2) Goals of improving grain quality and resistance to stresses through molecular breeding techniques.
3) Phased regional workshops and training to transfer DNA and marker technologies to breeding institutes in the region to convert popular varieties.
4) Establishment of a research hub to facilitate gene and marker discovery and sharing of genotyping and phenotyping resources.
1) The study investigated the effects of supplementing the diet of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) with starch extracted from three cassava varieties on their behavior, reproduction, and oxidative status.
2) Results showed that flies fed diets supplemented with starch from two of the cassava varieties (TMS 30572 and local sweet cassava) had higher survival rates and faster recovery from chill-induced coma compared to flies fed normal diet or diet supplemented with starch from the third variety (TMS 92/0326).
3) Flies fed the starch-supplemented diets also had greater egg to adult viability and higher antioxidant enzyme activities, suggesting the starch provided a protective effect against oxidative stress.
This study analyzed the growth and nutrient uptake of traditional rice cultivars grown in Sri Lanka's Midcountry Wet Zone with compost. It found that while Sudu Heenati had the highest leaf area, plant height, and biomass, there were no significant differences in yield between the varieties. Baranigala performed well and had lower inputs, making it a suitable low-input variety for the region. The study aims to identify traditional rice varieties that provide high yields with reduced fertilizer and chemical use.
This study evaluated the yield performance of traditional rice varieties compared to new improved varieties in Sri Lanka's mid country wet zone. Four traditional varieties (Baranigala, Kiri Murunga, Sudu Heenati, Kalu Heenati) and one new variety (BG-300) grown with organic or chemical fertilizers were compared. The traditional varieties generally had higher numbers of spikelets per panicle, thousand grain weights, yields, crude protein contents, rice to paddy ratios, and head rice yields compared to the new variety. The results suggest that in low potential paddy lands, traditional rice varieties are better suited than new improved varieties in terms of both quality and quantity of yield.
Breeding high-iron pearl millet cultivars: present status and future prospectsICRISAT
Micronutrient deficiencies are widespread in developing nations where cereals are staple foods. Pearl millet is an important staple in Africa and Asia. ICRISAT is conducting pearl millet biofortification research to improve iron and zinc densities. They have identified large genetic variability for iron (31-125 mg/kg) and zinc (35-82 mg/kg) among breeding lines. X-ray fluorescence allows rapid, low-cost screening of large numbers of lines. Several high-iron and high-yielding hybrids have been developed and adopted by farmers, including the first biofortified variety Dhanashakti. Future work includes integrating genomic tools and mainstreaming biofortification into breeding programs.
The world grain price is increasing day by day and the industry is facing several challenges to produce good quality animal products with reasonable price for consumers. Similarly, the poultry industry in Bangladesh is also fighting with high grain prices to maintain its production with marginal profit. Small and medium poultry farm owners are mainly affected and losing their capital investment in this sector.
Site Effects on Energy, Phytonutrients and Anti-Nutrient Contents of Ruminant...Premier Publishers
Feed constitutes about 80% of the total livestock production cost in Nigeria. The problem is more critical during the dry season more especially for ruminants. This study was conducted to determine the effect of location on chemical composition of sugarcane peels as animal feed in Kano State, Nigeria. The three sugarcane peel samples used for the study were from three different locations namely; Kano, Kaduna and mixed sugarcane peel (Kano and Kaduna). Known weights of the peels were sun dried and determined in the laboratory for proximate, energy, pH and phytonutrients. Results showed that ether extract, nitrogen-free extract, and dry matter were influenced by the location. Energy values (3891. 34 – 4037.53kcal/kg) were also affected (P< 0.05) by location of the sugarcane peels meal. Crude protein (6.02 – 8.20%), crude fiber (29.99 – 30.22%) and ash were not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by location. The cellulose, hemicelluloses, NDF, ADF, and ADL of sugarcane peels meal were all significantly (P <0.05) affected by the location. The pH values (6.38 – 6.67) were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by location. The phytonutrients of all the components were not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by the location. Based on these findings, sugarcane peels meal from all the locations can serve as an alternative feed ingredient for ruminants, since the peels contained substantial amount of energy and protein. However, the peels meal can also be safe for ruminants’ feedings because it contained small amounts of anti-nutritional factors.
The study investigated the comparative performance of Pekin, Muscovy, and Deshi White broiler duck breeds under farmers' conditions in Bangladesh. Over 9 weeks:
1) Pekin ducks achieved the highest final live weight of 1763g and lowest feed conversion ratio, while Deshi White had the lowest final weight of 1208g and highest feed conversion ratio.
2) Pekin ducks consumed the most feed but were the most economically profitable due to their higher weight gains and lower production costs, yielding the highest gross margin of Tk. 34.93 per duck.
3) Mortality was not significantly different between breeds. Pekin ducks also had the highest dressing yield of 70
Proceeding of FAVA: Sperm Freezability of Various Breed of Bulls at Lembang A...anbiocore
This study analyzed data from the Lembang AI Center from 2016-2017 to compare the percentage of discarded sperm during cryopreservation processing for different breeds of bulls. The results showed that dairy bulls had higher levels of discarded sperm compared to exotic and local bulls, at 39.05% in 2017 compared to 31.15% in 2016. Several factors were found to influence sperm quality and freezability, including breed, season, environment, nutrition, and semen processing methods. Improved nutrition through supplemental forages starting in late 2016 was found to correlate with increasing frozen semen production and decreasing discarded sperm in late 2016 and 2017. The study concluded that dairy bull maintenance and semen evaluation need improvement, and genetic
Frontier Research in Animal Nutrition and Feed Science 2021-Anuraga Jayanegaraheru dumadi
This document discusses frontier research areas in animal nutrition and feed science, including evaluating the environmental impact of animal agriculture, improving the quality of animal products, and supporting animal health. It also covers developing advanced feeding systems to better evaluate nutrient requirements, applying multi-omics approaches to study genomics and microbiomes, developing novel feed additives, and using big data analytics.
Application of ultrafiltration technique for the quality improvement of dahi ...Ganga Sahay Meena
This document describes a study on using ultrafiltration techniques to improve the quality of dahi, a fermented milk product from India. Ultrafiltered buffalo milk with varying protein levels was used to produce dahi. Dahi made from ultrafiltered milk showed increased firmness, stickiness, sensory scores and decreased whey separation compared to the control dahi made without ultrafiltration. Principal component analysis revealed that protein content was positively correlated with attributes like firmness while negatively correlated with whey separation. Overall, ultrafiltration improved the quality attributes of dahi by increasing the protein levels in milk.
The effect of different physical form feeds (pellet and mash) and stocking density on the growth performance characteristics of carcass and immunity of Ross-308 broiler chicks were studied. A total of 1800 one day-old ross-308 mixed-sex broilers were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates of 75 birds each. They were arranged in a 2×3 factorial design: two feed forms (mash and pellet) and three stocking density (10, 14 and 18 bird/m2). Live body Weight (LW), Weight Gain (WG), Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were measured periodically (0-10, 11-24 and 25-42 days). Carcass components and litter quality were recorded at the end of the trial (day 45). Also antibody titer against SRBC, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio were measured in 45 day of age. The highest body weight in grower period was observed in the pellet diet form (p<0.05). Also the highest Body Weight (BW) and Body Weight Gain (BWG) in the starter period was observed in the lowest stocking density treatment (10 bird/m2) (p<0.05). Physical form of diet had no significant effect on feed intake, BW and FCR throughout the periods. However the broiler feed intake was significantly influenced by stocking density and a decrease in the high stocking density group (18 bird/m2). Different types of feed and stocking density had no significant effect on carcass characteristics, antibody titer and H:L ratio. Use of pellet form diet and high stocking density treatment (18 bird/m2) significantly increased broiler litter moisture (P<0.05).
The effect of different physical form feeds and stocking density on performan...
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Multidimensional crop improvement to increase overall productivity in mixed crop-livestock systems and to support intensification of livestock
1. Multidimensional crop improvement to increase
overall productivity in mixed crop-livestock
systems and to support intensification of
livestock
Michael Blümmel, Purvi Mehta and Iain A. Wright
Norman Borlaug Centenary Dialogue, Chennai, India 13-15
March 2014
2. Topics
2
Importance of crop residues as feed resource:
contribution, demand, monetary value
What differences/quality increments in crop
residue fodder quality matter, and why
Exploitable variation in fodder traits in existing
cultivars
Targeted genetic enhancement in fodder traits
Feed and intensification of dairy production
6. Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Ju Jul Aug Sep Oc Nov
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Sorghum grain
Sorghum stover
3.4
6.5
Month of trading
IndianRupeeperkg
Yearly mean
2004 to 2005
Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Ju Jul Aug Sep Oc Nov
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Sorghum stover
Sorghum grain
6.2
10.2
Yearly mean
2008 to 2009
Month of trading
Comparisions of average cost of dry sorghum stover traded in Hyderabad and average of cost of
sorghum grain in Andhra Pradesh 2005 to 2005 and 2008 to 2009
Changes in grain: stover value in sorghum
traded in Hyderabad from 2004 to 2009
7. Type and cost of sorghum stover traded monthly
2004-2005 in Hyderabad, India
Stover type Price IR / kg DM
Andhra 3.52b
Andhra Hybrid 3.15cd
Ballary Hybrid 3.54b
Raichur 3.89a
Rayalaseema 3.23c
Telangana (Local Y) 3.06d
7Blümmel and Parthasarathy, 2006
8. Relation between digestibility and price of
sorghum stover
44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.2
y = -4.9 + 0.17x; R2
= 0.75; P = 0.03
Stover in vitro digestibility (%)
Stoverprice(IR/kgDM)
Premium Stover
“Raichur”
Low Cost Stover
“Local Yellow”
Blümmel and Parthasarathy, 2006
9. 9
Large scale rice straw
trading in Bihar, India
Chopping and retailing of
rice straw in Bihar, India
10. Price: quality relation estimates in rice straw traded
monthly in Kolkata from 2008 to 2009
37.0 37.5 38.0 38.5 39.0 39.5 40.0 40.5 41.0 41.5 42.0
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
4.25
Best (n=81)
Good (n=260)
Medium/low
(n=273)
In vitro digestibility of rice straw (%)
PriceofricestrawatKolkatatraders
from2008-2009(IndianRupees/kg)
Teufel et al., 2010
12. Comparisons of higher and lower quality sorghum
stover based complete feed blocks in dairy buffalo
Block High
(52% dig)
Block Low
(47% dig)
CP 17.2 % 17.1%
ME (MJ/kg) 8.46 MJ/kg 7.37 MJ/kg
DMI 19.7 kg/d 18.0 kg/d
DMI per kg LW 3.6 % 3.3 %
Milk Potential 16.6 kg/d 11.8 kg/d
Anandan et al. (2009a)
13. Stover digestibility and grain yield in new sorghum cultivars
release-tested in India between 2002 and 2008
34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Kharif: y = 1473 + 44.2x; r = 0.17; P=0.05
Rabi: y = 9208 -132x; r = -0.47; P < 0.0001
Stover in vitro organic digestibility (%)
Grainyield(kg/ha)
Blümmel et al. 2010
14. Straw in vitro organic matter digestibility and grain yield in
437 cultivars from IRRI
32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0 42.5 45.0 47.5 50.0 52.5
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
AROMATICS
HYBRIDS
INDICA
NPT
Released varieties
y = 10 650 - 103.7x; r= - 0.19 P=<0.0001
Straw in vitro organic matter digestibility (%)
Grainyield(kg/ha)
Source: Blümmel et al. 2007
19. Response of stover in vitro digestibility to 2
cycles of selection
Digestibility
%
Grain Yield
kg/ha
Stover yield
kg/ha
Original 43.6 2 669 3 095
H1 44.5 2 596 3 460
L1 42.1 2 592 2 889
H2 45.8 2 564 3 168
L2 42.0 2 408 2 731
Choudhary et al (in preparation )
20. Mode of inheritance of some key traits in pearl
millet stover
Trait Parent Crosses
High Low H x H H x L L x L
N % 0.85 0.72 0.84 0.80 0.73
Digest. % 43.3 40.3 43.7 42.2 40.3
Choudhary et al (2010)
22. Blümmel at al., unpublished
Effect of introgression of different stay green QTL’s on
stover digestibity of a Rabi sorghum background
23. 23
Qualitative trait prediction in plant breeding based
on Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)
Non-evasive
c. 200 samples/d
>30 traits
Physico-chemical
c. 60 000 US $
Calibration
Validation
NIRS equations sharable across
compatible instruments
At current: ILRI
24. Key findings: dual-purpose crops targeted
genetic enhancement
Generally more expensive and longer term than exploiting
variations in existing dual–purpose cultivars
Conventional plant breeding can increase for example
digestibility by 3 to 5 percent units
Several trait improvements feasible for example stay green
effects on fodder quality and water use efficiency
Need for more conceptually designed proof-of-concept research,
for example to determine ceiling values
26. Feed allocation, methane production and
natural resource utilization
India: Livestock and milk in 2005-06
Milch animals Total animals Milk yield
x 103 kg/d
Cross Bred 8 216 28 391 6.44
Local 28 370 155 805 1.97
Buffalo 33 137 101 253 4.40
Overall herd mean 3.61 l/d
27. Actual average across herd milk yields (3.61 kg/d)
and scenario-dependent
ME requirements for total milk production (81.8
million t/y) in India in 2005
ME required (MJ x 109)
Milk (kg/d) Maintenance Production Total
3.61 (05/06) 1247.6 573.9 1821.5
6 (Scenario 1) 749.9 573.9 1323.8
9 (Scenario 2) 499.9 573.9 1073.8
12 (Scenario 3) 374.9 573.9 948.8
15 (Scenario 4) 299.9 573.9 873.9
28. Effect of increasing average daily milk yields on
overall methane emissions from dairy in India
0 3 6 9 12 15
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Daily milk yield per animal (liter)
Methaneproduced(Tg)
current herd average milk yield of 3.61 l/d
(Blϋmmel et al. 2009)
29. (2005-06) 2020 2020 (fixed LP
Milk (million tons) 91.8 172 172
yield/day (kg) 3.6 5.24 6.76
Numbers (000) 69759 89920 * 69759
Metabolizable energy requirements (MJ x 109)
Maintenance 1247.64 1608.22 1247.6
Production 573.94 1075.00 1075.00
total 1821.58 2683.22 23266.6
Feed Req.( m tons) 247.50 364.57 315.6
* Calculated based on CAGR
Livestock revolution: Impact on energy and feed
requirements
30. Findings: key elements of intensification
Important to realize that feed demand is context specific
Increasing per animal productivity and decreasing numbers
of animals will have multiple beneficial effects
Reallocations of currently available feed resources in India
could probably raise per animal productivity to
10 to 12 kg of milk per day
31. The presentation has a Creative Commons licence. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is given to ILRI.
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