Dr Michael Blummel 6 12 2011 ppt

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Pier Paolo Ficarelli

Fodder is a major challenge in India as the world biggest milk producers. We are a trying to find workable solutions.

Opportunities for sweet sorghum stover and bagasse as valuable commodities in fodder trading and processing Michael Blümmel and colleagues International Livestock Research Institute CFC-FAO Meeting

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Changes in grain: stover value in ‘grain’ sorghum from 2004 to 2009 Blümmel et al (2011)

Relation between digestibility and price of ‘grain’ sorghum stover Premium Stover “ Raichur” Low Cost Stover “ Local Yellow” Blümmel and Parthasarathy, 2006

Price variations in different sorghum stover traded concomitantly in Mieso, Ethiopia, April 2007 Source: calculated from Gebremedhin et al. 2009 Note: In India SS stover have about 3-4 units higher digestibility than GS stover Stover ETB/kg Trader ETB/kg Farm Sweet Sorghum (SS) 0.65 0.20 “ Grain” Sorghum (GS) 0.50 0.13 Price premium 30% 54%

Key findings from sorghum stover fodder trading ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Digestibility of stover and bagasse in a range of sorghum hybrids and varieties (OPV’) Blümmel et al (2009) Percentage Digestibility of Stover Bagasse + Leaf Mean Hybrid 49 44.6 Range Hybrid 43.8-54.5 39.3-49.1 Mean OPV 51.5 46.6 Range OPV 48.8-54.8 42.0-50.4

Linking sorghum stover traders to de-centralized crushing unit: unchopped bagasse/leaves 50 Paisa per kg bagasse/leaves Note: dry matter of bagasse/leaves less than 50%

Linking sorghum stover traders to de-centralized crushing unit: chopped bagasse/leaves 1 Rs per kg fresh chopped bagasse/leaves Note: traders were offering more towards end of crushing season

Feed block manufacturing: supplementation, densification Courtesy: Miracle Fodder and Feeds PVT LTD Ingredients % Sorghum stover 50 Bran/husks/hulls 18 Oilcakes 18 Molasses 8 Grains 4 Minerals, vitamins, urea 2

Relation between digestibility and price of sorghum stover Premium Stover “ Raichur” Low Cost Stover “ Local Yellow” Blümmel and Parthasarathy, 2006

Comparisons of high and low quality sorghum stover based feed blocks in commercial dairy buffalo Anandan et al. (2009a) Block High Block Low CP 17.2 % 17.1% ME (MJ/kg) 8.46 MJ/kg 7.37 MJ/kg DMI 19.7 kg/d 18.0 kg/d DMI per kg LW 3.6 % 3.3 % Milk Potential 16.6 kg/d 11.8 kg/d

Supplementation and processing of sweet sorghum bagasse and response in sheep Anandan et al. (2009b) Mash Pellets Block Control Chaffed SSBRL Concentrate DMI (g/kg LW) 52.5 a 55.6 a 42.1 b 41.5 b ADG (g / d) 132.7 a 130.4 a 89.5 b 81.3 b Processing ($/t) 5.9 7.0 5.2 1.7 Transport ($/t/100km) 6.6 5.8 5.2 13.5

Key findings from value addition to stover and bagasse ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Where to go from here: improve fodder trading of stover and bagasse ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Where to go from here: value chain development for de-centralized feed processing option ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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This document discusses opportunities for improving crop residues as animal feed sources through multi-dimensional crop improvement supported by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) networks. It notes that crop residues make up the majority of livestock feed in places like India. Small differences in crop residue quality can significantly impact livestock productivity. Existing cultivar variations and targeted genetic enhancement through conventional breeding or molecular tools can exploit differences and improve crop residue quality. NIRS hubs could help support high-throughput phenotyping needed for this multi-dimensional crop improvement.

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This document summarizes research on developing dual-purpose maize hybrids in rain-fed systems. It discusses using conventional and molecular breeding to improve maize grain and stover traits. Genomic selection methods were able to accurately predict the in vitro dry matter digestibility and metabolizable energy of maize lines. Testing showed advanced maize breeding lines had higher stover quality than existing sorghum varieties. However, transporting maize stover is less cost-effective than sorghum due to lower bulk density. The research concludes that work is needed along the entire value chain from discovery to delivery.

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Feed the Future: Using crop by-products to intensify and sustain food production

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This study performed a techno-economic analysis and life-cycle assessment of 5 biological routes for producing bio-jet fuel molecules. The analysis found that with optimization, the bio-jet fuel molecules could reach a minimum selling price of around $1/L equivalent to Jet A fuel, but $0.66/L would require selling lignin co-products for at least $1.9/kg. The minimum carbon mitigation cost relative to conventional jet fuel was estimated to be $29 per metric ton of CO2. Commercial airlines will require a selling price of $0.66/L or less for biofuels to be competitive with petroleum-based jet fuel.

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The document examines the effect of different husked ratios (HR) during milling on rice breakage and whiteness for three common Iranian rice varieties. The study found that as the HR increased from 0.6 to 0.9, broken brown rice significantly increased for all varieties, while the lowest broken milled rice was obtained at a HR of 0.8. Increasing the HR from 0.6 to 0.9 also decreased rice whiteness levels for all varieties. The appropriate HR to minimize breakage during milling while achieving sufficient whiteness depends on the rice variety.

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PP_Ficarelli_28.10.12_MSSRF

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