Here's important & condensed ppt slides about hemostasis and its orchestrated steps and cogulation cascade, roles of endothelium,platelets and Coagulation protiens....!
Here's important & condensed ppt slides about hemostasis and its orchestrated steps and cogulation cascade, roles of endothelium,platelets and Coagulation protiens....!
This lecture was the opening lecture on the ‘Physiology of Coagulation’ at the Continuing Medical Education (CME) Grand Rounds, 2011. Organised by Kuwait Anesthesia Council, Kuwait
Hemostasis definition, types and steps.
Hemostasis and coagulation physiology and pathology in steps and illustrated in simple way by diagrams.
Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways are mentioned in details.
Platelet function as a corner stone hemostasis in case of endothelial injury or another pathology taht affect endothelium or blood vessels.
Some pharmacological notes about drugs related to hemostasis and its clinical significance.
the objectives from this ppt :-
1.Define haemostasis.
2.Describe the main mechanisms that prevent blood loss after an injury.
3.Describe role of platelets in haemostasis.
4.Outline the mechanism of platelet plug formation.
5.Describe the mechanisms of blood coagulation.
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This lecture was the opening lecture on the ‘Physiology of Coagulation’ at the Continuing Medical Education (CME) Grand Rounds, 2011. Organised by Kuwait Anesthesia Council, Kuwait
Hemostasis definition, types and steps.
Hemostasis and coagulation physiology and pathology in steps and illustrated in simple way by diagrams.
Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways are mentioned in details.
Platelet function as a corner stone hemostasis in case of endothelial injury or another pathology taht affect endothelium or blood vessels.
Some pharmacological notes about drugs related to hemostasis and its clinical significance.
the objectives from this ppt :-
1.Define haemostasis.
2.Describe the main mechanisms that prevent blood loss after an injury.
3.Describe role of platelets in haemostasis.
4.Outline the mechanism of platelet plug formation.
5.Describe the mechanisms of blood coagulation.
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Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time(APTT)Lab Finder
One test can save your life. Know what a APTT is, why you should have it, who should get it, and where can you get tested as well as get your results fast.
Visit: https://www.labfinder.com and get tested now!
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Platelets
Disc-shape cell fragment with no nucleus
Platelets are the cell fragments pinched off from megakaryocytes in red bone marrow
Platelets are important in preventing blood loss
Platelet plugs
Promoting formation and contraction of clots
Platelets--Life History
Platelets form in bone marrow by following steps:
myeloid stem cells eventually become megakaryocytes whose cell fragments form platelets.
Short life span (5 to 9 days in bloodstream)
They are formed in bone marrow.
They remain few days in circulating blood.
Aged ones are removed by fixed macrophages in liver and spleen.
Normal count: 2-4 lacs per mm3 of blood.
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
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6. Hemostasis is process of*
forming clots in walls of
damaged blood vessels and
preventing blood loss, while
maintaining
blood in a fluid state within
vascular
system
Haima + Stasis
Prevent blood
loss
8. I. VASCULAR CONSTRICTION
Immediately blood ( 1 •
vessel is cut or ruptured.
2( Stimulus of trauma to
vessel causes wall of
.
vessel to contract
•
This immediately( 3
reduces the flow of blood
.from vessel rupture
9. More a vessel( 4
is traumatized.
5(
The greater the
degree of
spasm.
6( This local
vascular spasm
can last for
many minutes or
even hours
11. II. FORMATION OF
THE PLATELET PLUG
When platelets come in contact with
a damaged vascular surface,
they immediately change their
:
characteristics
Begin to swell( 1
Assume irregular forms with ( 2
numerous irradiating
pseudopods protruding from
;their surfaces
12. Their contractile proteins ( 3
contract and cause release of
granules contain multiple active
;
factors
They become sticky so that(4
;they stick to collagen fibers
•
13.
14.
15. III. BLOOD COAGULATION IN
THE RUPTURED VESSEL
Clot begins to develop in 15 to( 1 •
20 seconds if trauma of vascular
wall severe
2(And in 1 to 2 minutes if the
trauma minor
3( Activator substances both from
traumatized vascular wall and
from platelets and blood proteins
adhering to traumatized vascular
..wall initiate clotting process
16. Within 3 to 6( 4
minutes after rupture
of a vessel, if vessel
opening is not too
large, entire opening
or broken end of
vessel is filled with
.clot
After 20 minutes to( 5
an hour, clot retracts;
.this closes vessel
17. CLOT
CLOT is composed of meshwork of fibrin fibers( 1 •
running in all directions and entrapping blood cells,
.
platelets, and plasma
Fibrin fibers also adhere to damaged surfaces of( 2
blood vessels; therefore, the blood clot becomes
adherent to any vascular opening and thereby
.prevents blood loss
•
18. Coagulation process
When tissues( 1
are exposed
enzyme thrombin
.is released
Thrombin( 2
activates clotting
factor in platelets
causing them to
.become sticky
19. Coagulation Process
The platelets begin( 3
to stick together at
wound site binding
.to exposed fibers
Platelets release( 4
several chemicals
and change their
shape to fit
.formation of plug
.
20. Then, a fibrin mesh forms( 5
and insures the clot will
. stay
Finally, blood clot must( 6
dissolve in order to restore
normal blood flow to the
vessel
21.
22.
23. CLOT RETRACTION
Platelets are become attached to fibrin, fibers in( 1
such a way that they actually bond different fibers
.together
Platelets release procoagulant substances, one of (2
which is fibrin-stabilizing factor, which causes more
and more cross-linking bonds between adjacent
.fibrin fibers
Platelets themselves contribute directly to clot( 3
contraction by activating platelet thrombosthenin,
actin, and myosin molecules (contractile proteins(
and cause strong contraction of the platelet attached
.to the fibrin
•
•
•
24. This helps compress fibrin( 4 •
meshwork into a smaller mass.
5( Contraction is activated or
accelerated by thrombin as well as by
. calcium ions released from platelets
As clot retracts,edges of broken( 6 •
blood vessel are pulled together, thus
contributing to ultimate state of
haemostasis
25. Fibrinolysis
Process wherein a fibrin clot, product of
coagulation, is broken down.
Its main enzyme plasmin cuts fibrin mesh
at various places, leading to production of
circulating fragments
That are cleared by other proteases or by
the kidney and liver
HEMOSTASIS
26. FIBROUS ORGANIZATION
((DISSOLUTION OF THE CLOT
It can become invaded by fibroblasts, which ( 1
subsequently form connective tissue all through
.
clot
. it can dissolve( 2
The usual course for a clot that forms in a small hole
of a vessel wall is invasion by fibroblasts, beginning
within a few hours after clot is formed.
This
continues to complete organization of the clot into
.fibrous tissue within about 1 to 2 weeks
•
27. When additional blood
coagulates to form a larger clot
such as blood that has leaked
into tissues, special
substances within the clot itself
usually become activated
And these then
function as enzymes to
.dissolve the clot
28.
29. How does the blood clotting process work_ - DnaTube.com - Scientific Video and Animation Site.flv