Hemostasis definition, types and steps.
Hemostasis and coagulation physiology and pathology in steps and illustrated in simple way by diagrams.
Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways are mentioned in details.
Platelet function as a corner stone hemostasis in case of endothelial injury or another pathology taht affect endothelium or blood vessels.
Some pharmacological notes about drugs related to hemostasis and its clinical significance.
Hemostasis definition, types and steps.
Hemostasis and coagulation physiology and pathology in steps and illustrated in simple way by diagrams.
Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways are mentioned in details.
Platelet function as a corner stone hemostasis in case of endothelial injury or another pathology taht affect endothelium or blood vessels.
Some pharmacological notes about drugs related to hemostasis and its clinical significance.
Here's important & condensed ppt slides about hemostasis and its orchestrated steps and cogulation cascade, roles of endothelium,platelets and Coagulation protiens....!
Hemostasis and coagulation of blood For M.Sc & Basic Medical Students by Pand...Pandian M
Blood coagulation
Mechanism of coagulation
STAGES OF HEMOSTASIS
Coagulation of blood
Factors involved in blood clotting
Enzyme cascade theory
Mechanisms for formation of prothrombin activator
Fibrinolysis
Anticlotting mechanism in the body
Applied physiology
This is the powerpoint for the students, faculties as well as any person who study medical and any life sciences subjects , the hemostasis portion is very comprehensively covered by diagrams and descriptions from standard books. Go through this, all the best.
Hemostasis is the maintenance of blood flow is fluid state within the vascular system, the major components of hemostasis are vascular system, platelets, coagulation factors, inhibitors of coagulation and fibrinolytic system. details are given
Here's important & condensed ppt slides about hemostasis and its orchestrated steps and cogulation cascade, roles of endothelium,platelets and Coagulation protiens....!
Hemostasis and coagulation of blood For M.Sc & Basic Medical Students by Pand...Pandian M
Blood coagulation
Mechanism of coagulation
STAGES OF HEMOSTASIS
Coagulation of blood
Factors involved in blood clotting
Enzyme cascade theory
Mechanisms for formation of prothrombin activator
Fibrinolysis
Anticlotting mechanism in the body
Applied physiology
This is the powerpoint for the students, faculties as well as any person who study medical and any life sciences subjects , the hemostasis portion is very comprehensively covered by diagrams and descriptions from standard books. Go through this, all the best.
Hemostasis is the maintenance of blood flow is fluid state within the vascular system, the major components of hemostasis are vascular system, platelets, coagulation factors, inhibitors of coagulation and fibrinolytic system. details are given
Hemostasis is normal physiological mechanism by which blood in fluid state in vascular system normally and prevention of bleeding by Hemostasis by complex interactions of blood vessels wall, plasma proteins and platelets.
A detailed description of various stages in blood coagulation, clotting factors involved, the role of calcium, vitamin K, thrombin, phospholipids in blood coagulation, various tests for blood clotting, the significance of bleeding disorders in the treatment of periodontal disease and management.
Disseminated Intravascular coagulation is a very common and life endangering pathological condition due to consumptive coagulopathy.
This is a very serious disease and prompt diagnosis may help in early initiation of treatment.
HEMOSTASIS /stages of hemostasis / Formation of platelet plug/ Mechanism of b...Bharath S R
Vasoconstriction, the platelet cell membrane, the formation of a platelet plug, and the significance of the platelet mechanism for sealing vascular holes. PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS, INTERACTION BETWEEN THE INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC PATHWAYS, BLOOD CLOT, AND THE MECHANISM OF BLOOD COAGULATION
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
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Hot Selling Organic intermediates
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
2. Definition
•It is a biological or physiological
phenomenon which is responsible to keep
the blood in fluid state in the circulation
as well as to arrest bleeding followed by an
injury to blood vessel.
4. There is a state of continous balance between bleeding
(hemorrhage) and clotting (thrombosis)
Imbalance in one direction can lead to:
Bleeding : hypocoagulable state (poor clot formation
or excessive fibrinolysis) OR
thrombosis: hypercoagulable state
5. Normal Endothelial Physiology
•Endothelial cells normally inhibit thrombus formation
through multiple mechanisms:
•Secretion of prostacyclin(PGI2)
inhibit platelet aggregation
•Secretion of nitric oxide(NO)
vasodilatation
inhibit platelet aggregation
•Expression of heparin sulfate
activates antithrombin Eendothelial cell
NO
HS TM TFPI
platelet F
9
F
10
6. Normal Endothelial Physiology
•Expression of thrombomodulin
modulates function of thrombin
activates protein-c
•Expression of tissue factor
pathway inhibitor
inhibit TF/VIIa/Xa complex
•Endothelialcells also contains
vWF Eendothelial cell
NO
HS TM TFPI
T
platelet
CF
9
F
8
F
10
F5
10. Mechanism of vasoconstriction
•Neurogenic factors
•Regulatory substances
•Endothelin-1 (released by damaged endothelial cells)
•Serotonin (released by platelet activation)
•Thromboxane A2 (released by platelet activation)
11. 2.Platelet plug formation
•Platelet structure:
•Lack of nucleus , only few traditional organelle
•Unique cytoplasmic structures:
Alpha & dense granules
•Membrane glycoproteins:
GP Ib-binds to VWf immobilezed
on collagen
GP IIb/IIIa-binds to fibrinogen
GPIa/IIa-binds to collagen
GP IV- binds to collagen
12. 2.Platelet plug formation
• Platelet adhesion : Platelets attach to non-platelet
surfaces, (such as collagen fibers in the
subendothelium).
• Platelet activation & release reaction
• Platelet aggregation: Process by which platelets
stick to eachother.
13. Platelet adhesion
v v
injury to blood vessel
endothelial damage and
collagen exposure
VWf
Adhesion of platelets to
collagen by GP I b receptors
VWD
BERNALD SOULIER SYND
15. Secretion of dense granules:
1. Serotonin
2. ADP
3. Calcium,
4. Histamin, epinephrine
Secretion of α granule
a)Fibrinogen
b)Clotting Factor V, VIII
c)Thrombospondin
d)PDGF
e)PAI-1
16. Platelet aggregation
• Activated Platelets stick to
eachother through GP
IIb/IIIa receptors using
fibrinogen
• Platelet plug formation
• Bleeding stops
GLANZMANNS THROMBASTHENIA
17. Vonwillebrand disease Bernard soulier syndrome Glanzmanns
throbasthenia
Deficiency von Willebrand
factor (vWF).
Deficiency of glycoprotein
Ib (GpIb)
defective of glycoprotein
IIb/IIIa (GpIIb/IIIa)
Platelet adhesion
disorder
Platelet adhesion
disorder
Platelet aggregation
disorder
Platelet size: normal Platelets are large Small platelets
BT : prolonged
PT : Normal
APTT : Prolonged
BT : Prolonged
PT : Normal
APTT : Normal
BT : Prolonged
PT : Normal
APTT :Normal
Platelet aggregation test:N
Ristocetin adhesion test :
-ve
Platelet aggregation test:N
Ristocetin adhesion test :
-ve
Platelet aggregation test:
-ve
Ristocetin adhesion test :N
18. SECONDARY HEMOSTASIS
• Process of blood coagulation
• Mechanism
– Coagulation proteins work in concert to
generate thrombin
– Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin
–Fibrin stabilise the platelet plug made in
primary hemostasis such that a thrombus
(secondary hemostatic plug) is formed
• Prevents further blood loss from the injury site
20. Fibrinolytic system
• Fibrinolytic system keep the vascular system free of
deposited fibrin clots.
• Essential purpose of fibrinolysis is to digest and
solublize the fibrin, thus restoring potency to
occluded vessel
21.
22. Role of Vit-K
• Enables clotting factors to bind calcium to participate in
clotting cascade.
VIT-K
REDUSED
VIT-KD
VIT-K EPOXIDE REDUCTASE
INACTIVE
FACTORS
2,7,9,10
PROTEIN-C,S
ACTIVE
FACTORS
2,7,9,10
PROTIEN-C,S
Gamma corboxylation of
glutamic acid residue
warfarin
23. Can calcium deficiency causes bleeding?
• Ca acts as a catalyst in many stages of coagulation
pathway.
•Also healps in platelet aggregation.
• Clotting can be prevented in vitro if ca++ is removed
from the blood by addition of calcium chelating
agents like EDTA
24. • However ca deficiency do not produse coagulation
disorders in vivo because only traces of ca is required
for coagulation
• Even if very severe ca deficiency occurs , it may
produse other symptoms of hypocalcemia like tetany
before coagulation disorder develops
• A plasma ca level low enough to interfere with blood
clotting is not compatible with life.
