Information Security
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CBC (Cipher Block Chaining) is a block cipher mode that allows encryption of each plaintext block using the previous ciphertext block. Each block is XORed with the previous ciphertext block before encryption to prevent the same plaintext blocks from encrypting to the same ciphertext. A 1-bit error in transmission affects two blocks by garbling the current block and flipping a bit in the next. To prevent issues with errors in the initialization vector, it should be encrypted or derived from a known value. CBC encryption is parallelizable for decryption but not encryption.
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OFB 는 CFB 모드와 비슷하다
암호의 출력 기능은 피드백되어 다음 ofb 에 입력된다.
CFB에서 출력 XOR 단위는 다음 블록을 암호화하기위한 입력이되도록 피드백됩니다.
다른 차이점은 OFB 모드가 S 비트 서브 세트가 아닌 일반 텍스트 및 암호 텍스트의 전체 블록에서 작동한다는 것입니다.
CBC 및 CFB의 경우 OFB 모드에는 초기화 벡터 (IV)가 필요합니다.
OFB에서 IV는 nonce 여야합니다.
암호화 출력 블록 Oi의 시퀀스는 키와 IV에만 의존하며 일반 텍스트에 의존하지 않습니다.
주어진 키와 IV, 평문 비트 스트림과 XOR하는 데 사용되는 출력 비트 스트림이 고정됩니다.
OFB 방법의 장점은 전송의 비트 오류가 전파되지 않는다는 것입니다.
OFB의 단점은 CFB보다 메시지 스트림 수정 공격에 더 취약하다는 것입니다.
단일 블록에서의 작동
(1) j 데이터 단위 내의 128 비트 블록의 순차 번호.
(2) i 128 비트 비틀기의 가치. 각 데이터 단위 (섹터)가 할당됩니다.
j 함수는 동일한 평문 블록이 데이터 유닛 내의 서로 다른 두 위치에 나타나면 두 개의 서로 다른 암호문 블록으로 암호화 함을 보장합니다.
i 함수는 동일한 평문 블록이 두 개의 다른 데이터 단위에서 같은 위치에 나타나는 경우 두 개의 다른 암호문 블록으로 암호화 함을 보장합니다.
Reference
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OFB 는 CFB 모드와 비슷하다
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CFB에서 출력 XOR 단위는 다음 블록을 암호화하기위한 입력이되도록 피드백됩니다.
다른 차이점은 OFB 모드가 S 비트 서브 세트가 아닌 일반 텍스트 및 암호 텍스트의 전체 블록에서 작동한다는 것입니다.
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주어진 키와 IV, 평문 비트 스트림과 XOR하는 데 사용되는 출력 비트 스트림이 고정됩니다.
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j 함수는 동일한 평문 블록이 데이터 유닛 내의 서로 다른 두 위치에 나타나면 두 개의 서로 다른 암호문 블록으로 암호화 함을 보장합니다.
i 함수는 동일한 평문 블록이 두 개의 다른 데이터 단위에서 같은 위치에 나타나는 경우 두 개의 다른 암호문 블록으로 암호화 함을 보장합니다.
Reference
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lecture45.pptx
Stream ciphers encrypt symbols one at a time using a keystream, while block ciphers encrypt fixed-length blocks. Stream ciphers are faster but more susceptible to tampering, while block ciphers are slower but provide greater security against tampering. Modern encryption algorithms mostly use block ciphers like AES, which encrypt 128-bit blocks. The lecture discusses the differences between stream and block ciphers and the concept of malleability in encryption.
Block Ciphers Modes of Operation
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Byte rotation encryption algorithm
This document describes the Byte Rotation Encryption Algorithm (BREA), a symmetric key block cipher algorithm that encrypts plaintext blocks in parallel using multithreading. BREA uses byte-rotation techniques and monoalphabetic substitution with a randomly generated 16-byte matrix. It provides an example of encrypting a plaintext block. BREA is described as being fast, requiring few computer resources, and providing secure encryption. Future work may implement BREA on multiprocessor systems to further improve encryption speed through parallelization.
Topic21 Elect. Codebook, Cipher Block Chaining.pptx
This document discusses two modes of operation for block ciphers: electronic codebook (ECB) mode and cipher block chaining (CBC) mode. ECB encrypts each plaintext block independently with the same key, resulting in the same ciphertext if the same plaintext is repeated. CBC improves on ECB by XORing each plaintext block with the previous ciphertext block before encryption to prevent repetitions in the ciphertext. The document outlines the encryption and decryption processes for ECB and CBC, noting that CBC is more secure for long messages.
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Information Security
- 1. INFORMATION SECURITY MOHAMAD FAKHRUL RADZI BIN AZEMAN DIPLOME IN E-COMMERCE TECHNOLOGY