This document discusses statistical concepts like mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, standard error, and p-value. It provides examples to calculate these values from a dataset of restaurant receipts. The mean was calculated as $49.2, the standard deviation as $17, and the coefficient of variation as 34.6%. A hypothesis test was conducted to determine if the proportion of people in a city that can speak more than one language is higher than the national average of 26%. The p-value was calculated to be 0.0336, which fails to reject the null hypothesis that the proportion is equal to 26%.