Biomolecules are organic and inorganic chemicals that occur in living organisms. They include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other molecules. Biomolecules can be classified as either micromolecules, which are small and soluble, or macromolecules, which are large polymers formed from micromolecules. The four major types of biomolecules - carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins - differ in their composition and functions, which include energy storage, heredity, structure, and catalysis of biological processes.

1. BIOMOLECULES
(BuildingBlocks oflife)
Mrs. Praveen Garg
Asst. Prof.
VITS College, Satna (M.P.)

2. “ Life is a relationship among molecules and
not a property of any one molecule.”
- Linus Carl Pauling

3. INTRODUCTION
• Biomolecules are the chemicals or biological molecules occur
in the living organisms or cells.
• The collection of different types of biomolecules and ions
present in the cells called the cellular pool.
• Cellular pool has two phases:
Aqueous phase
Non aqueous phase
• Aqueous phase contain chemicals dispersed in water and
form solutions.
• Non aqueous phase contain chemicals deposited in structure
such as chromatin, cell wall and cell membrane.

4. TYPES OF BIOMOLECULES
Inorganic Organic
Biomolecules
Water
Minerals
Gases
Carbohydrate,
Protein, Lipids
Nucleic acid,
Vitamins, Hormones
Nucleotides

5. They are classified in to two categories depending on
their molecular weight and solubility.
Micromolecules
 They are small sized
chemicals.
 They have low molecular
weight, higher solubility
and simple conformation.
 Micromolecules include
water, minerals, gases,
sugars, amino acids and
nucleotides, secondary
metabolites.
Macromolecules
 They are large sized
complex chemicals.
 They have high molecular
weight, low solubility, and
complex conformation.
 They are formed by the
polymerization of
micromolecules or organic
molecules.
 Ex.- Proteins, Nucleic Acid,
Lipids, Polysaccharides.

6. PROPERTY
• Most biomolecules are organic compounds.
• Four element- oxygeon, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
make up 96% of the human body's mass.
• But many other elements, such as the various biometals,
are present in small amounts.
• Biomolecules are essential to one or more
typically biological processes, such as cell division,
morphogenesis or development.
• Biomolecules have same types of functional groups as
organic molecules such as hydroxyl groups, amino groups,
carbonyl groups, carboxyl groups, etc

7. The four major types of biomolecules:
 Carbohydrates
 Nucleic acid
 Lipids
 Proteins
They Differ in composition and function.

8. Structure of Biomolecules
1. Polysaccharides Made up of monosaccharides
2. Nucleic acids Made up of nucleotides
3. Lipids Made up of glycerol and fatty
acids
4. Proteins Made up of amino acids
Monosccharides, Nucleotides, Glycerol and fatty acids, Amino
acids are the basic building blocks of Biomolecules.

9. Function of Biomolecules
1. Carbohydrate Storage form of Energy, support
and recognition, structure
material of living organisms
2. Nucleic acids
(DNA & RNA)
Hereditary information and
protein synthesis
3. Lipids Source of energy, As food reserve,
As heat insulators
4. Proteins Basic structure and function of the
cell