This document discusses various biometric techniques for security and identification. It introduces biometrics as using physiological or behavioral human traits to identify individuals. Some key biometric traits discussed include fingerprints, face recognition, iris scanning, voice recognition, and hand geometry. The document outlines the basic characteristics, workings, advantages, and applications of different biometric techniques. It also notes some biometric traits that are still in development and discusses limitations of certain approaches.

1. A NewTechniqueof Security

2. Topics to be covered…
 Introduction
 Biometric Traits
 Basic Characteristics of biometrics
 Working of Biometric Model
 Fingerprint Recognition
 Face Recognition
 Hand Geometry
 Iris Recognition
 Retina Recognition
 Voice/Speaker Identification
 Signature Biometrics
 Keystrokes Dynamics
 Some Biometrics are still developing
 Advantages
 Dis-advantages
 Applications
 Discussion

3. INTRODUCTION
 Biometrics is the term derived form Greek word “biometron” means
Bio= life & Metron= to measure.
 Biometrics defined as an tool for the identification and verification
of the person on the basis of physiological and/or behavioral
characteristics of the person.

4. Physiological Characteristics
(Body Parts)
• Fingerprints
• Hand geometry
• Facial Recognition
• Iris Recognition
• Retina Recognition
• DNA
• Vein Pattern
• Skin Spectroscopy
Behavioral Characteristics
(Action of the body)
• Voice Recognition
• Dynamic Signature Analysis
• Keystrokes Analysis
• Gait Pattern Analysis
BIOMETRIC TRAITS

5. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOMETRICS
 Universality : Describes how commonly biometrics found in each individual.
 Uniqueness : How well the biometrics separates from one individual to another.
 Permanence : Measure how well a biometrics resist again.
 Collectability : Explain how it is easy to acquire a biometrics for measurement.
 Performance : Indicate the accuracy, speed and robustness of the system capturing the
biometrics.
 Acceptability : Indicate the degree of approval of a technology by the public in everyday
life.
 Circumvention : It indicates how hard it is to fool the authentication system.

6. Working of Basic Biometric Model

7. FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION
(Physiological Trait)
 There are three levels on which Fingerprint Recognition carry out.
Level 1 : Identify the pattern of Fingerprint
Level 2 : Based on ridge characteristics i.e. ridge minutiae
Level 3 : Based on shape, size of ridges and pores

8. FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION (Cont.)
 Advantages of Fingerprint Biometrics
 Fingerprint pattern stable through out the lifetime
 Fingerprints are unique in nature
 It is easily analyzed and compare
 Inexpensive device
 Oldest form of biometrics
• Limitations of Fingerprint Biometrics
Wet or moist fingers, cut fingers, or dirt or grease can sometimes affect the authentication
process.
It is not right tool for those persons who working in chemical labs.

9. FACE RECOGNITION
(Physiological Trait)
 Capture Image
 Find Face in Image
 Features Extract (store template)
 Compare Template
 Declare Match

10. HAND GEOMETRY
(Physiological Trait)
 Hand or fingers geometry is an automated measurement of many
dimension of hand and fingers.

11. IRIS RECOGNITION
(Physiological Trait)
 Iris scanning measures the iris pattern in the colored part of the
eye.

12. RETINA RECOGNITION
(Physiological Trait)
 Images back of the eye and compare blood vessels with existing
date.

13. VOICE/SPEAKER RECOGNITION
(Behavioral Trait)
 Voice or speaker recognition uses vocal characteristics to recognize
individual.
 A telephone or microphone can act as a sensor.

14. SIGNATURE VERIFICATION
(Behavioral
Trait)
 An automated method of measuring an individual signature.
 This technology examine speed, direction, pressure of stylus while
writing, the time that the stylus is in and out of contact with the
paper/tablet

15. KEYSTROKES DYNAMICS
(Behavioral Trait)
 Keystrokes dynamics is an automated method of examining an
individual’s keystrokes on a ‘keyboard’.
 This technology examine such as speed, pressure, total time taken to
type particular words and time elapsed between hitting certain keys.

16. SOME BIOMERICS STILL IN DEVELOPING
STAGE
 Scent (smell)
 Ear Shape
 Fingernail bed
 Facial 3D

17. ADVANTAGES OF BIOMETRICS
 Effective technique to enhance security.
 User friendly.
 Does not use any password, PIN or secret code that are compromised.
 It used physical and behavioral traits for identification and
authentication that are difficult to compromised.
 Long lasting performance, because biometrics traits are permanence in
nature.
 Difficult to fool biometrics system.

18. DIS-ADVANTAGES OF BIOMETRICS
 Retina recognition required closed physical contact of the scanning
device which may not be generally accepted by public.
 Costly
 Voice recognition requires large amount of computer storage, peoples
voice can change, background noise can interfere.
 Biometric features may changes over time.
 Signature recognition has poor long term reliability, accuracy
difficulty to ensure.

19. APPLICATION(s) OF BIOMETRICS
 Biometrics come under the branch of “PREVENTIVE
FORENSIC”.
 It prevents unauthorized access to ATM, cell phones, desktop,
laptop.
 Criminal identification.
 Airport, Bank security.
 It is use to maintain the attendance record of employees.
 In automobiles, biometrics can replace keys with keyless entry
device.

20. WHY BIOMETRICS ?
 Physical identification takes place by using password, keys,
badges and cards, that can be lost, duplicate, stolen and
password, secret code, security question, PIN can be easily
forgotten by user, compromised and shared. Such loopholes
or deficiencies of conventional personal identification
techniques have caused major problem to all concerned.
 While for biometrics, it provides us an increased sense of
security. It is low cost identification system. It is user friendly
as people can not lose their unique traits. As compare to
plastic cards and tokens, biometrics are also eco-friendly as
they not create any type of pollution.