With the growth of technology their grows threat to our data which is just secured by passwords so to make it more secure biometrics came into existence. As biometric systems are adopted and accepted for security purpose for various information and security systems. Hence it is immune to attacks. This paper deals with the security of biometric details of individuals. In this paper we will be discussing about biometrics and its types and the threats and security issues which is not talked about usually. The different technologies evolved and had contributed to biometrics in long run and their effects. Sushmita Raulo | Saurabh Gawade "Security Issues Related to Biometrics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44951.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/44951/security-issues-related-to-biometrics/sushmita-raulo
A study of Iris Recognition technology over the in use biometric technologies these days. These Study shows how beneficial the iris technology can be to the Human in future.
I have put all my efforts in this study and have made an simple easy to understand ppt.
Biometrics is the science and technology of
measuring and analyzing biological data. In information
technology, biometrics refers to technologies that measure and
analyze human body characteristics, such as DNA, fingerprints,
eye retinas and irises, voice patterns, facial patterns and hand
measurements, for authentication purposes. This paper is about
the applications of biometric especially in the field of healthcare
and its future uses
Introduction
The term “biometrics” is derived from the Greek words “bio” (life) and “metrics” (to measure). Automated biometric systems have only become available over the last few decades, due to significant advances in the field of computer processing. Many of these new automated techniques, however, are based on ideas that were originally conceived hundreds, even thousands of years ago.
One of the oldest and most basic examples of a characteristic that is used for recognition by humans is the face. Since the beginning of civilization, humans have used faces to identify known (familiar) and unknown (unfamiliar) individuals. This simple task became increasingly more challenging as populations increased and as more convenient methods of travel introduced many new individuals into- once small communities. The concept of human-to-human recognition is also seen in behavioral-predominant biometrics such as speaker and gait recognition. Individuals use these characteristics, somewhat unconsciously, to recognize known individuals on a day-to-day basis.
In the age of Biometric Security taking over the traditional security features, this is a small intro to the Biometric features one can use to enhance the security. The various modalities have been explained.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
With the growth of technology their grows threat to our data which is just secured by passwords so to make it more secure biometrics came into existence. As biometric systems are adopted and accepted for security purpose for various information and security systems. Hence it is immune to attacks. This paper deals with the security of biometric details of individuals. In this paper we will be discussing about biometrics and its types and the threats and security issues which is not talked about usually. The different technologies evolved and had contributed to biometrics in long run and their effects. Sushmita Raulo | Saurabh Gawade "Security Issues Related to Biometrics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44951.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/44951/security-issues-related-to-biometrics/sushmita-raulo
A study of Iris Recognition technology over the in use biometric technologies these days. These Study shows how beneficial the iris technology can be to the Human in future.
I have put all my efforts in this study and have made an simple easy to understand ppt.
Biometrics is the science and technology of
measuring and analyzing biological data. In information
technology, biometrics refers to technologies that measure and
analyze human body characteristics, such as DNA, fingerprints,
eye retinas and irises, voice patterns, facial patterns and hand
measurements, for authentication purposes. This paper is about
the applications of biometric especially in the field of healthcare
and its future uses
Introduction
The term “biometrics” is derived from the Greek words “bio” (life) and “metrics” (to measure). Automated biometric systems have only become available over the last few decades, due to significant advances in the field of computer processing. Many of these new automated techniques, however, are based on ideas that were originally conceived hundreds, even thousands of years ago.
One of the oldest and most basic examples of a characteristic that is used for recognition by humans is the face. Since the beginning of civilization, humans have used faces to identify known (familiar) and unknown (unfamiliar) individuals. This simple task became increasingly more challenging as populations increased and as more convenient methods of travel introduced many new individuals into- once small communities. The concept of human-to-human recognition is also seen in behavioral-predominant biometrics such as speaker and gait recognition. Individuals use these characteristics, somewhat unconsciously, to recognize known individuals on a day-to-day basis.
In the age of Biometric Security taking over the traditional security features, this is a small intro to the Biometric features one can use to enhance the security. The various modalities have been explained.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
2. Content
Introduction
Overview
Classification of BIOMETRICS
Odor and Scent cognitive systems
Facial cognitive systems
Performance cognitive systems
Handwriting recognition
Factors for determining characteristics
Functions of biometric systems
The Future
Reference
3. •Biometrics = bios + metron. Bios means life and metron
means measure.
•Recognizing humans based on physical and behavioral
traits.
•Also called BEHAVIOMETRICS.
4. Biometrics are used to identify the input sample when compared to a
template, used in cases to identify specific people by certain characteristics.
1)possession-based
using one specific "token" such as a security tag or a card
2)knowledge-based
the use of a code or password.
Layered systems combine a biometric method with a keycard or PIN.
Multimodal systems combine multiple biometric methods, like an iris
scanner and a voiceprint system.
5. Physiological are related to the
shape of the body.
Behavioral are related to the
behavior of a person.
Cognitive biometrics is based
upon brain responses to stimuli. Classification of some biometric traits
6. • The use of blood hounds and other scent following dogs to
identify individual people or their scent trails in the
environment on the basis of a previous offered reference scent
article such as handkerchief, hat, and other items of clothing.
• Canine scent identification evidence is usually accepted in
court to suggest the unique identification of an accused
individual in the same way that finger prints are used.
• It is based on "individual odor theory," which hold that each
person has a unique scent that can be identified by the dog and
related back to a specific individual.
7. • Conventional biometric methods introduced to improve security
are mainly based on cross matching the face of the person with that
recorded in their identification materials.
• However, it is possible to train persons that could be referred to as
"face-minders", to memorize faces of suspects on a watch-list.
Trainees could acquire skills of cross-matching key features of faces
of persons seen at the ports as compared to that in the forensic facial
database.
8. Task performance using general intelligence must elicit responses in neural anatomic
structures for processing of the information. Working memory is typically associated
with activations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate, parietal and occipital
regions.
These brain areas receive blood supply from the middle cerebral arteries. Two
fundamental working-memory processes have been identified:
1)The passive maintenance of information in short-term memory
2)The active manipulation of this information
A pattern of blood flow velocity changes is obtained in response to a set intelligence
task, which is used to form a 'mental signature' that could be repeatedly recognized, in
an automated man-machine interface system.The device could be used as a 'lie detector'
based on the fact that, it could distinguish Wrong ANSWER from Correct ANSWER.
9. • Systems that measure hand and finger geometry use a
digital camera and light. To use one, we simply place
your hand on a flat surface, aligning your fingers against
several pegs to ensure an accurate reading.
• Then, a camera takes one or more pictures of your
hand and the shadow it casts. It uses this information to
determine the length, width, thickness and curvature of
your hand or fingers. It translates that information into a
numerical template.
• Fingers are less distinctive than fingerprints or irises
and people’s hands change over time due to many
reasons.
A hand geometry scanner
10. This Tablet PC has a signature verification system.
• Biometric systems don't just look at how
you shape each letter. They analyze the act
of writing. They examine the pressure you
use and the speed and rhythm with which
you write. They also record the sequence in
which you form letters.
•A handwriting recognition system's sensors
can include a touch-sensitive writing surface
or a pen that contains sensors that detect
angle, pressure and direction.
11. • Voice is unique for an individual because of
the shape of his/her vocal cavities and the way
they move their mouth when they speak.
• Voiceprint is a sound spectrogram, not a
wave form.
• Some companies use voiceprint recognition
so that people can gain access to information
or give authorization without being physically
present.
Speaker recognition systems use spectrograms
to represent human voices.
12. • It consists of a simple CCD digital camera. It
uses both visible and near-infrared light to
take a clear, high-contrast picture of a person's
iris.
• Usually, our eye is 3 to 10 inches from the
camera. When the camera takes a picture, the
computer locates:
i. The center of the pupil
ii. The edge of the pupil
iii. The edge of the iris
iv. The eyelids and eyelashes
It then analyzes the patterns in the iris and
translates them into a code.
Eye anatomy
13. •To use a vein recognition system, you simply
place your finger, wrist, palm or the back of
your hand on or near the scanner. A camera
takes a digital picture using near-infrared light.
•The hemoglobin in your blood absorbs the
light, so veins appear black in the picture. As
with all the other biometric types, the software
creates a reference template based on the shape
and location of the vein structure.
• Vein scans for medical purposes usually use
radioactive particles. Biometric security scans,
however, just use light that is similar to the light
that comes from a remote control Vein scanners use near-infrared light
to reveal the patterns in a person’s veins.
14. Universality
each person should have the characteristic
Uniqueness
is how well the biometric separates individually from
another.
Permanence
measures how well a biometric resists aging.
15. Collectability
ease of acquisition for measurement.
Performance
accuracy, speed, and robustness of technology used.
Acceptability
degree of approval of a technology.
Circumvention
ease of use of a substitute.
16. The basic block diagram of a biometric system
The main operations a system can
perform are enrollment and test.
• Enrollment
During the enrollment,
biometric information from an
individual is stored.
• Test
During the test, biometric
information is detected and
compared with the stored
information
It is the interface b/w real world and
system. Collects necessary data
based on the characteristic.
It removes artifacts from the data
obtained from sensor to enhance the
input.
It extracts the necessary features. Correct features are to
be extracted and in the optimal way.
A vector of numbers or an image is used to create a
template. A template is the synthesis of all
characteristics extracted.
Compares the obtained template with
other existing templates, estimating the
distance between using any algorithm.
17. Verification
Authenticates its users in conjunction with a smart card, username or
ID number. The biometric template captured is compared with that stored
against the registered user either on a smart card or database for verification.
Identification
Authenticates its users from the biometric characteristic alone
without the use of smart cards, usernames or ID numbers. The biometric
template is compared to all records within the database and a closest match
score is returned. The closest match within the allowed threshold is deemed
the individual and authenticated.
18. • False accept rate/False match rate(FAR/FMR)
The probability that the system incorrectly declares a successful match
between the input pattern and a non-matching pattern in the database. It measures the
percent of invalid matches.
• False reject rate/False non-match rate(FRR/FNMR)
The probability that the system incorrectly declares failure of match between
the input pattern and the matching template in the database. It measures the percent of
valid inputs being rejected.
• Receiver operating characteristic/relative operating characteristic
The ROC plot is obtained by graphing the values of FAR and FRR, changing
the variables implicitly. A common variation is the Detection error trade-off (DET),
which is obtained using normal deviate scales on both axes.
19. • Equal error rate/Crossover error rate(EER/CER)
When quick comparison of two systems is required, the ERR is commonly
used. Obtained from the ROC plot by taking the point where FAR and FRR have the
same value.
• Failure to enroll rate(FTE/FER)
Failure to enroll happens when the data obtained by the sensor are
considered invalid or of poor quality.
• Failure to capture rate(FTC)
the probability that the system fails to detect a biometric characteristic when
presented correctly.
• Template capacity
The maximum number of sets of data which can be input into the system..
20. • Privacy
A concern is how a person’s biometric, once collected, can be protected. Another
concern is that if the system is used at more than one location, a person's
movements may be tracked as with any non-anonymous authentication system.
• Biometrics Sensors’ obstacles
It is very difficult to create standard on identical encryption paths. Biometrics
standard can be obtained only if the common information is unconcealed.
• Marketing
Despite confirmed cases of defeating commercially available biometric
scanners, many companies marketing biometric products claim the products as
replacements, rather than supplements, for passwords. Consumers and other end
users must rely on published test data and other research that demonstrate which
products meet certain performance standards and which are likely to work best
under operational conditions.
21. • Sociological concerns
Physical
Some believe this technology can cause physical harm to an
individual using the methods, or that instruments used are
unsanitary. For example, there are concerns that retina
scanners might not always be clean.
Personal Information
There are concerns whether our personal information taken
through biometric methods can be misused.
•Danger to owners of secured items
If the item is secured with a biometric device, the damage to the owner
could be irreversible, and potentially cost more than the secured property.
22. • Interoperability
• Over reliance: The perception that biometric systems are foolproof might
lead people to forget about daily, common-sense security practices and to
protect the system's data.
• Accessibility: Some systems cant be adapted for certain populations, like
elderly people or people with disabilities.
Interoperability: In emergency situations, agencies using different systems may
need to share data, and delays can result if the systems can't communicate with
each other.
23. If biometric data is obtained, for example compromised from a database, by
unauthorized users, the genuine owner will lose control over them forever and lose
his/her identity.
one ordinary advantage of password does not exist in biometrics. That is re-issue. If a
token or a password is lost or stolen, they can be cancelled and replaced by a newer
version i.e. reissued. On the other hand, this is not naturally available in biometrics.
Cancelable biometrics is a way in which to inherit the protection and the replacement
features into biometrics.
Several methods for generating cancellable biometrics have been proposed.
Essentially, cancelable biometrics perform a distortion of the biometric image
or features before matching. The variability in the distortion parameters
provides the cancelable nature of the scheme.
25. •Some hospitals use biometric systems to make sure mothers
take home the right newborns
•New methods that use DNA, nail bed structure, teeth, ear
shapes, body odor, skin patterns and blood pulses
•More accurate home-use systems
•Opt-in club memberships, frequent buyer programs and rapid
checkout systems with biometric security