Coastal aquaculture is having an adverse impact on the environment due to intensive shrimp culture. several other factors are also getting affected due to intensive coastal aquaculture.
Coastal aquaculture is having an adverse impact on the environment due to intensive shrimp culture. several other factors are also getting affected due to intensive coastal aquaculture.
In terms of biomass, the greatest migration in the world is the migration of Zooplankton .
Zooplankton migration is different because it moves up and down through the ocean's depths rather than traversing a landscape.
Almost all natural bodies of water bear fish life, the exceptions being very hot thermal ponds and extremely salt-alkaline lakes such as the Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake. The fishes belong to the most numerous and diversified group among vertebrates. They dominate the water bodies of the world through a variety of morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations. They have been in existence for more than 450 million years. A total of 24618 species of fishes belonging to 482 families and 4258 genera have so far been described. About 58% of the fish species are marine while 41% are freshwater inhabitants and 1% migrants. In our Indian region alone, there are 2,500 species of which 930 are inhabitants of freshwater and the rest live in the seas. In other words, India harbours 11.5% of the fish fauna so far known in the world. There are over 800 living species of sharks and rays, 30 species of chimaeras and ratfishes, 6 species of lung fishes, 1 species of coelacanths, 36 species of long ray finned bichirs, sturgeons and paddlefishes. The Neopterygii are the rest of the known species of modem fishes. All these fishes inhabit various niches in the aquatic environment. The diversified habitats of fishes include open oceans, deep oceanic trenches, nearshore waters, saline coastal embayments, brackishwaters, estuaries, intermittent streams, tiny desert springs, vernal pools, cold mountain streams, lakes, ponds, etc.
The plankton is divisible into two main groups, the phytoplankton and the zooplankton. The primary productivity which we discussed in chapter 10 is primarily the functional aspect of phytoplankton - the other chlorophyll bearing organisms are also to be included, but in most water bodies such as the culture pond an index of primary productivity could be obtained by the mass or number of phytoplankton in a unit volume of water
Marine protected area Marine protected areas (MPA) are protected areas of seas, oceans, estuaries or in the US, the Great Lakes .[2] These marine areas can come in many forms ranging from wildlife refuges to research facilities.[3] MPAs restrict human activity for a conservation purpose, typically to protect natural or cultural resources.[4] Such marine resources are protected by local, state, territorial, native, regional, national, or international authorities and differ substantially among and between nations. This variation includes different limitations on development, fishing practices, fishing seasons and catch limits, moorings and bans on removing or disrupting marine life. In some situations (such as with the Phoenix Islands Protected Area), MPAs also provide revenue for countries, potentially equal to the income that they would have if they were to grant companies permissions to fish.[5]
On 28 October 2016 in Hobart, Australia, the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources agreed to establish the first Antarctic and largest marine protected area in the world encompassing 1.55 million km2 (600,000 sq mi) in the Ross Sea.[6] Other large MPAs are in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans, in certain exclusive economic zones of Australia and overseas territories of France, the United Kingdom and the United States, with major (990,000 square kilometres (380,000 sq mi) or larger) new or expanded MPAs by these nations since 2012—such as Natural Park of the Coral Sea, Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area. When counted with MPAs of all sizes from many other countries, as of August 2016 there are more than 13,650 MPAs, encompassing 2.07% of the world's oceans, with half of that area – encompassing 1.03% of the world's oceans – receiving complete "no-take" designation.[7]
Classification of marine environment pptAshish sahu
The main divisions of the marine environment. The two primary divisions of the sea are the benthic and the pelagic. The former includes all of the ocean floor, while the latter includes the whole mass of water. ... The deep-sea system is divided into an upper (archibenthic) and a lower (abyssal-benthic) zone.
This presentation help you to get the information about the integrated multi trophic aquaculture system. IMTA is best technology for environment sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability.
Salinity is one of the environmental factors that influence the growth performance of many fish. Salinity effects have been studied in several species of fish in ponds .
Biological and chemical oceanography.Chemical Oceanography is fundamentally interdisciplinary. The chemistry of the ocean is closely tied to ocean circulation, climate, the plants and animals that live in the ocean, and the exchange of material with the atmosphere, cryosphere, continents, and mantle
In terms of biomass, the greatest migration in the world is the migration of Zooplankton .
Zooplankton migration is different because it moves up and down through the ocean's depths rather than traversing a landscape.
Almost all natural bodies of water bear fish life, the exceptions being very hot thermal ponds and extremely salt-alkaline lakes such as the Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake. The fishes belong to the most numerous and diversified group among vertebrates. They dominate the water bodies of the world through a variety of morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations. They have been in existence for more than 450 million years. A total of 24618 species of fishes belonging to 482 families and 4258 genera have so far been described. About 58% of the fish species are marine while 41% are freshwater inhabitants and 1% migrants. In our Indian region alone, there are 2,500 species of which 930 are inhabitants of freshwater and the rest live in the seas. In other words, India harbours 11.5% of the fish fauna so far known in the world. There are over 800 living species of sharks and rays, 30 species of chimaeras and ratfishes, 6 species of lung fishes, 1 species of coelacanths, 36 species of long ray finned bichirs, sturgeons and paddlefishes. The Neopterygii are the rest of the known species of modem fishes. All these fishes inhabit various niches in the aquatic environment. The diversified habitats of fishes include open oceans, deep oceanic trenches, nearshore waters, saline coastal embayments, brackishwaters, estuaries, intermittent streams, tiny desert springs, vernal pools, cold mountain streams, lakes, ponds, etc.
The plankton is divisible into two main groups, the phytoplankton and the zooplankton. The primary productivity which we discussed in chapter 10 is primarily the functional aspect of phytoplankton - the other chlorophyll bearing organisms are also to be included, but in most water bodies such as the culture pond an index of primary productivity could be obtained by the mass or number of phytoplankton in a unit volume of water
Marine protected area Marine protected areas (MPA) are protected areas of seas, oceans, estuaries or in the US, the Great Lakes .[2] These marine areas can come in many forms ranging from wildlife refuges to research facilities.[3] MPAs restrict human activity for a conservation purpose, typically to protect natural or cultural resources.[4] Such marine resources are protected by local, state, territorial, native, regional, national, or international authorities and differ substantially among and between nations. This variation includes different limitations on development, fishing practices, fishing seasons and catch limits, moorings and bans on removing or disrupting marine life. In some situations (such as with the Phoenix Islands Protected Area), MPAs also provide revenue for countries, potentially equal to the income that they would have if they were to grant companies permissions to fish.[5]
On 28 October 2016 in Hobart, Australia, the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources agreed to establish the first Antarctic and largest marine protected area in the world encompassing 1.55 million km2 (600,000 sq mi) in the Ross Sea.[6] Other large MPAs are in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans, in certain exclusive economic zones of Australia and overseas territories of France, the United Kingdom and the United States, with major (990,000 square kilometres (380,000 sq mi) or larger) new or expanded MPAs by these nations since 2012—such as Natural Park of the Coral Sea, Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area. When counted with MPAs of all sizes from many other countries, as of August 2016 there are more than 13,650 MPAs, encompassing 2.07% of the world's oceans, with half of that area – encompassing 1.03% of the world's oceans – receiving complete "no-take" designation.[7]
Classification of marine environment pptAshish sahu
The main divisions of the marine environment. The two primary divisions of the sea are the benthic and the pelagic. The former includes all of the ocean floor, while the latter includes the whole mass of water. ... The deep-sea system is divided into an upper (archibenthic) and a lower (abyssal-benthic) zone.
This presentation help you to get the information about the integrated multi trophic aquaculture system. IMTA is best technology for environment sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability.
Salinity is one of the environmental factors that influence the growth performance of many fish. Salinity effects have been studied in several species of fish in ponds .
Biological and chemical oceanography.Chemical Oceanography is fundamentally interdisciplinary. The chemistry of the ocean is closely tied to ocean circulation, climate, the plants and animals that live in the ocean, and the exchange of material with the atmosphere, cryosphere, continents, and mantle
Marine biology Marine organisms that live on or inside the bottom, different types of beaches, and biodiversity in these different types of beaches
#Environment
Blue economy is a term in economics relating to the exploitation, preservation and regeneration of the marine environment. Its scope of interpretation varies among organizations.According to the World Bank, the blue economy is the "sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs while preserving the health of ocean ecosystem." European Commission defines it as "All economic activities related to oceans, seas and coasts.
Implementation of a high-resolution regional ocean modeling system (ROMS) for...Hafez Ahmad
The goal of this study is to develop a High-resolution Regional Ocean Model and
implement it with the help of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) for the Bay
of Bengal which is a tropical ocean basin with three sides covered by land and an Open
Ocean on the south side. A new generation of sophisticated ocean circulation ROMS has
been specially customized for accurate simulation of the Bay of Bengal ocean systems. It
covered a wide range of features including higher-order advection schemes, accurate and
efficient physical and numerical algorithms, and several subgrid-scale parameterizations,
atmospheric, oceanic, and benthic boundary layers, several coupled models for
atmosphere, ocean, biogeochemical, and ecosystem responses. Besides, ROMS produced
a large amount of data depicting various properties of the ocean such as water temperature,
flow velocity, water density, and salinity, etc. The model outputs showed that the upper
layer circulation of the Bay of Bengal is subjected to strong seasonal variability. During
the early northeast monsoon in November, the large-scale flow pattern in the bay is
cyclonic and the western boundary current, the East Indian coastal current (EICC) flows
southward from the Bengal shelf north of 200N to the east coast of Sri Lanka. A cyclonic
gyre that forms in the southwestern Bay of Bengal during October. In December it covered
almost the whole bay from 84ºE to 93ºE and 8ºN to 18ºN. It dies off until late April where
we can only see a cyclonic eddy centered at 12ºN 86ºE. At the end of June, the circulation
in the Bay is mainly anticyclonic and dominated by four eddies centered at 10ºN 83ºE,
11ºN 86ºE, 15ºN 91ºE1, and 8ºN 86ºE. During July these anticyclonic eddies move towards
the west of the bay and by the end of August, the anticyclonic circulation of the Bay is
confined to the west of the bay. In September the anticyclonic gyre is much smaller and to
the north of the Bay. The freshwater plume along the northwest part of the Bay is well
reproduced by the model even if the river discharge was not included in the model. It does
not advect towards the interior of the bay not until the end of the southwest winds. The
represented model also shows the seasonal cycle of the surface temperature. And this
modeling tried to resolve some important atmospheric and oceanic features in reasonable
ways, analyzed and presented in this research. Some parameters such as temperature and
salinity profiles were verified with model and Argo data in the area of the Bay of Bengal.
Predicted Seagrass habitat across the shallow ocean Hafez Ahmad
this is an application of machine learning in the field of geospatial science. I have created this seagrass habitat map using Florida, USA based data with the help of ArcGIS pro and python3.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Altered Terrain: Colonial Encroachment and Environmental Changes in Cachar, A...PriyankaKilaniya
The beginning of colonial policy in the area was signaled by the British annexation of the Cachar district in southern Assam in 1832. The region became an alluring investment opportunity for Europeans after British rule over Cachar, especially after the accidental discovery of wild tea in 1855. Within this historical context, this study explores three major stages that characterize the evolution of nature. First, it examines the distribution and growth of tea plantations, examining their size and rate of expansion. The second aspect of the study examines the consequences of land concessions, which led to the initial loss of native forests. Finally, the study investigates the increased strain on forests caused by migrant workers' demands. It also highlights the crucial role that the Forest Department plays in protecting these natural habitats from the invasion of tea planters. This study aims to analyze the intricate relationship between colonialism and the altered landscape of Cachar, Assam, by means of a thorough investigation, shedding light on the environmental, economic, and societal aspects of this historical transformation.
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
2. BENTHOS
Benthos is the community of organisms that live on, in, or near the seabed.
Benthos such as Worms , clams ,crabs, lobsters ,sponge , snails , kelp etc.
Benthic life
3. BENTHIC COMMUNITY
The Benthic Community is made up of organisms that live in and on the bottom of the ocean floor. Benthic
communities can be found in rocky shores, sediment-covered shores, kelp forest, and coral reef and deep sea
hydrothermal vent .
This community lives in or near marine sedimentary environments, from tidal pools along the foreshore, out to the
continental shelf, and then down to the abyssal depths.
4. MAJOR C BENTHOS
Benthic organisms include members of the following kingdoms and phyla:
1. Kingdom: Monera:- cyanobacteria or blue-green algae.
2. Kingdom: Protista
a. Phylum : Chrysophyta: -benthic diatom
b. Phylum Protozoa:- foraminifera
3. Kingdom: Plantae:
a. Phylum: Chlorophyta:-green seaweeds
b. Phylum: brown algae:-large kelps
c. Phylum Rhodophyta: red algae
d. Phylum Tracheophyta :- eelgrass
4.Kingdom: Animalia
a. Phylum Porifera : sponges
b.Phylum Arthropoda: crab
c. Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata):- coral ,sea anemone
d . Phylum Mollusca: bivalves(mussels, Single-shelled mollusks(limpets)
e. Phylum Echinodermata: Sea cucumbers, sea urchins ,starfish.
f. Phylum Chordata: sea squid, bottom dwelling fish
g. Phylum Annelida: tube worms
h .Phylum Platyhelminthes : flatworms
7. BENTHIC ZONE
Benthic habitats cover about 70% of the earth surface.
The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the
sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. The benthic region of the ocean begins at the shore line (intertidal or
eulittoral zone) and extends downward along the surface of the continental shelf out to sea.
8. DISTRIBUTION
The distribution of oceanic benthic biomass (in grams per square meter) shows that the ocean’s lowest biomass is beneath the
centers of subtropical gyres and the highest values are in high-latitude continental shelf areas.
the greatest animal diversity is in the lower (tropical) latitudes , while the diversity of algae is greater in the middle latitudes ,
probably because of better availability of nutrients
10. FACTORS AFFECTING THE ABUNDANCE OF BENTHIC
ORGANISMS
Biotic factors Abiotic factor
a. Competition for space and food a. Salinity
b. Predation b. Temperature
c. Reproduction c. Air and light exposure
d. Substrate settlement preference d. Tidal flow
e. Osmoregulation e. Waves and current action
f. Substrate
g. Dissolved O2
h. natural disasters
15. IMPORTANCE OF BENTHOS
1: primary production.
2: bio indicator.
3:controlling oxygen availability.
4: nutrients cycling.
5:Critical role in the functioning of ecosystem .
6:Major link in the food chain.
7:Pump large amount f water through their bodies.
8:Clean water.
9:Role in sediment recycling.
10:food source for bottom-feeding fish, invertebrates, and birds.
11: integrates within the food web, over time, and over a number of environmental variables.
12: Benthic responses to pollution controls.
16. BIOLOGICAL INDICATOR
So benthos are good bioindicator because
1. They are very sensitive to pollution .
2. Benthos can be monitored for changes(morphological ,physiological or behavioral that may
indicate a problem within their ecosystem.
3. Abundance ,biodiversity depends on substratum and water quality.
4.Act as scavenger .
5.Role of filter feeder and deposit feeder.
Bioindicator are the organisms that indicate or monitor the health of the environment .A good bioindicator will
indicate the presence of pollutant and also attempt to provide additional information about the amount and
intensity of the exposure.
a
b