Marine protected area Marine protected areas (MPA) are protected areas of seas, oceans, estuaries or in the US, the Great Lakes .[2] These marine areas can come in many forms ranging from wildlife refuges to research facilities.[3] MPAs restrict human activity for a conservation purpose, typically to protect natural or cultural resources.[4] Such marine resources are protected by local, state, territorial, native, regional, national, or international authorities and differ substantially among and between nations. This variation includes different limitations on development, fishing practices, fishing seasons and catch limits, moorings and bans on removing or disrupting marine life. In some situations (such as with the Phoenix Islands Protected Area), MPAs also provide revenue for countries, potentially equal to the income that they would have if they were to grant companies permissions to fish.[5]
On 28 October 2016 in Hobart, Australia, the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources agreed to establish the first Antarctic and largest marine protected area in the world encompassing 1.55 million km2 (600,000 sq mi) in the Ross Sea.[6] Other large MPAs are in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans, in certain exclusive economic zones of Australia and overseas territories of France, the United Kingdom and the United States, with major (990,000 square kilometres (380,000 sq mi) or larger) new or expanded MPAs by these nations since 2012—such as Natural Park of the Coral Sea, Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area. When counted with MPAs of all sizes from many other countries, as of August 2016 there are more than 13,650 MPAs, encompassing 2.07% of the world's oceans, with half of that area – encompassing 1.03% of the world's oceans – receiving complete "no-take" designation.[7]
It is my academic presentation file which I presented with my friend in the last semester exam. It describe the major estuaries in Bangladesh. Also input these estuaries geographical location , characteristics , physio - chemical parameters , species abundance ,importance etc. ...
It is my academic presentation file which I presented with my friend in the last semester exam. It describe the major estuaries in Bangladesh. Also input these estuaries geographical location , characteristics , physio - chemical parameters , species abundance ,importance etc. ...
‘Ghost Fishing’ is what fishing gear does when it has been lost, dumped or abandoned. Nets, long lines, fish traps or any man made contraptions designed to catch fish or marine organisms are considered capable of ghost fishing when unattended, and without anyone profiting from the catches, they are affecting already depleted commercial fish stocks
Climate Change: Implications for Fisheries and AquacultureECFoundation
The Fifth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the
most comprehensive and relevant analysis of our
changing climate. It provides the scientific fact base that will be used around the world to formulate climate policies in the coming years.
This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings
of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief
that the fisheries and aquaculture sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and
highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely,
relevant and readable summary. Although the information presented here is a ‘translation’ of the key content relevant to this sector from AR5, this summary report adheres to the rigorous scientific basis of the original source material.
Grateful thanks are extended to all reviewers from both the science and
business communities for their time, effort and invaluable feedback on
this document. The basis for information presented in this overview report can be found
in the fully-referenced and peer-reviewed IPCC technical and scientific
background reports at: www.ipcc.ch
Trawl nets and bottom seines possess an initial selectiveness owing to their particular design and mode of operation. A mesh size limitation would vary considerably in effect from one type of trawl net to another. It is important therefore to consider gear selectivity and performance before we begin to think of mesh sizes and their effect.
Take a herring vinge trawl for example and two other bottom other trawls like the granton trawl and the shrimp trawl. All use otter boards, all are on the sea bed throughout the duration of the tow and all have the same basic structure of wings, square, bellies, bag and cod end. But their performances differ as much as those of a racing car, a truck and a tractor. All three nets could be fishing in the same area, yet the vinge trawl might take only herring, the granton trawl only demersal fish and the shrimp trawl primarily shrimp or prawn. Mesh size has little to do with this species selection. It is a function of other aspects of gear performance - speed of tow, headline height, ground contact, flow of water through the body of the net, otter door spread, length of ground-cables, and so on. The vinge trawl would have the smallest mesh in the cod end, yet it would take no cod, haddock or shrimp. The shrimp or prawn trawl would have a smaller mesh than the granton trawl yet it would capture only a small proportion of the bigger fish the granton trawl would take. To imagine that in these cases the size of mesh controls the size of fish caught would be as simplistic as to think that the respective speeds of the racing car, truck and tractor were determined by the size of their wheels.
In contrast to the trawls designed to capture one species or group of species, there are the multi-species trawls or combination trawls which take a great variety of fish. The North Sea prawn and fish trawl is a combination net designed to capture Nephrops norvegicus or Norway prawns, plus demersal fish like cod, haddock, skate, monks, plaice and lemon sole. Most bottom trawls in the tropics and sub-tropics are multi-species trawls taking fish which vary greatly from each other in size and shape. There is no common selectivity factor and no common minimum size or length for the various species. For these fisheries, a mesh regulation is at best an inadequate means of reducing juvenile mortality. It can be aimed only at the smallest of the main commercial species.
‘Ghost Fishing’ is what fishing gear does when it has been lost, dumped or abandoned. Nets, long lines, fish traps or any man made contraptions designed to catch fish or marine organisms are considered capable of ghost fishing when unattended, and without anyone profiting from the catches, they are affecting already depleted commercial fish stocks
Climate Change: Implications for Fisheries and AquacultureECFoundation
The Fifth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the
most comprehensive and relevant analysis of our
changing climate. It provides the scientific fact base that will be used around the world to formulate climate policies in the coming years.
This document is one of a series synthesizing the most pertinent findings
of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It was born of the belief
that the fisheries and aquaculture sector could make more use of AR5, which is long and
highly technical, if it were distilled into an accurate, accessible, timely,
relevant and readable summary. Although the information presented here is a ‘translation’ of the key content relevant to this sector from AR5, this summary report adheres to the rigorous scientific basis of the original source material.
Grateful thanks are extended to all reviewers from both the science and
business communities for their time, effort and invaluable feedback on
this document. The basis for information presented in this overview report can be found
in the fully-referenced and peer-reviewed IPCC technical and scientific
background reports at: www.ipcc.ch
Trawl nets and bottom seines possess an initial selectiveness owing to their particular design and mode of operation. A mesh size limitation would vary considerably in effect from one type of trawl net to another. It is important therefore to consider gear selectivity and performance before we begin to think of mesh sizes and their effect.
Take a herring vinge trawl for example and two other bottom other trawls like the granton trawl and the shrimp trawl. All use otter boards, all are on the sea bed throughout the duration of the tow and all have the same basic structure of wings, square, bellies, bag and cod end. But their performances differ as much as those of a racing car, a truck and a tractor. All three nets could be fishing in the same area, yet the vinge trawl might take only herring, the granton trawl only demersal fish and the shrimp trawl primarily shrimp or prawn. Mesh size has little to do with this species selection. It is a function of other aspects of gear performance - speed of tow, headline height, ground contact, flow of water through the body of the net, otter door spread, length of ground-cables, and so on. The vinge trawl would have the smallest mesh in the cod end, yet it would take no cod, haddock or shrimp. The shrimp or prawn trawl would have a smaller mesh than the granton trawl yet it would capture only a small proportion of the bigger fish the granton trawl would take. To imagine that in these cases the size of mesh controls the size of fish caught would be as simplistic as to think that the respective speeds of the racing car, truck and tractor were determined by the size of their wheels.
In contrast to the trawls designed to capture one species or group of species, there are the multi-species trawls or combination trawls which take a great variety of fish. The North Sea prawn and fish trawl is a combination net designed to capture Nephrops norvegicus or Norway prawns, plus demersal fish like cod, haddock, skate, monks, plaice and lemon sole. Most bottom trawls in the tropics and sub-tropics are multi-species trawls taking fish which vary greatly from each other in size and shape. There is no common selectivity factor and no common minimum size or length for the various species. For these fisheries, a mesh regulation is at best an inadequate means of reducing juvenile mortality. It can be aimed only at the smallest of the main commercial species.
conservation of natural resources in their natural habitat known as in-situ conservation. natural resources includes living organism (plants,animals),forest ,wetlands, ocean, rivers etc.
Detailed account of difference between Biosp[here Reserves and various MPAs were given; MPAs of India were listed with its key biodiversity resources...
Biosphere Reserve (BR) is an international designation by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for representative parts of natural and cultural landscapes extending over large areas of terrestrial or coastal/marine ecosystems or a combination of both.
Biosphere Reserves tries to balance economic and social development and maintenance of associated cultural values along with the preservation of nature.
Biosphere Reserves are thus special environments for both people and nature and are living examples of how human beings and nature can co-exist while respecting each others’ needs.
A site must contain a protected and minimally disturbed core area of value of nature conservation.
Core area must be a bio-geographical unit and should be large enough to sustain a viable populations representing all trophic levels.
The involvement of local communities and use of their knowledge in biodiversity preservation.
Areas potential for preservation of traditional tribal or rural modes of living for harmonious use of the environment.
Biosphere in india ppt BSC 1st Year, Mumbai University for Zoology.Rajnish Prajapati
Here you will learn about Biosphere reserves in India ppt.
content:-
Introduction
Criteria for Designation of Biosphere Reserve
List of biosphere reserves India
Structure for biosphere reserves
Potential sites
References
External links
You can submit this ppt as Zoology project in your college.
Coral reafs , mangroves , biospeher reserves by amit tiwariamitiittmgwl
Intorductions of coral reefs and mangroves and it's tourism and enviornmental significance ; as per the syllabus of BBA Tourism for Envionmental studies
Protected areas are those in which human occupation or at least the exploitation of resources is limited.
The definition that has been widely accepted across regional and global frameworks has been provided by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in its categorization guidelines for protected areas.
There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the enabling laws of each country or the regulations of the international organizations involved.
The term "protected area" also includes
Marine Protected Areas, the boundaries of which will include some area of ocean, and
Trans boundary Protected Areas that overlap multiple countries which remove the borders inside the area for conservation and economic purposes.
World Oceans Day 8th June, 2019 provides an opportunity to honour, protect, and conserve the oceans. United Nations Sustainable Development Goal # 14 commits countries to unite over what is a truly global responsibility – the protection of our oceans and the lives that depend on it.
Mangroves are vital for healthy coastal ecosystems in many regions of the world and research and studies are revealing the unique importance of these habitats to the planet. The Mangrove Action Project is dedicated to reversing the degradation and loss of mangrove forest wetlands and their associated coastal ecosystems worldwide. www.mangroveactionproject.org
Marine fisheries regulation act (mfra), and its amendments of gujrat and dama...Ashish sahu
Marine Fisheries Regulation Act
An Act to provide for the regulation of fishing by fishing vessels in the sea along the coast line of the State. (1) This Act may be called the Kerala Marine Fishing Regulation Act, 1980. (2) It extends to the whole of the State of Kerala.
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH value of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the atmosphere. ... When carbon dioxide dissolves into seawater, it forms carbonic acid (H2CO3). Ocean acidification impacts many species, especially organisms like oysters and corals.
Ocean acidification reduces the amount of carbonate, a key building block in seawater. This makes it more difficult for marine organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form their shells and skeletons, and existing shells may begin to dissolve. ... The impacts of ocean acidification are not uniform across all species.
Mangroves and their importance with Threats iucn pptAshish sahu
A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water. ... Mangroves are salt-tolerant trees, also called halophytes, and are adapted to live in harsh coastal conditions. They contain a complex salt filtration system and a complex root system to cope with saltwater immersion and wave action.
Mangroves are defined as assemblages of salt tolerant trees and shrubs that grow in the intertidal regions of the tropical and subtropical coastlines. They grow luxuriantly in the places where freshwater mixes with seawater and where sediment is composed of accumulated deposits of mud.
Fisheries crime and their sollution pptAshish sahu
What is fisheries crime?: Fisheries crime is an ill-defined legal concept referring to a range of illegal activities in the fisheries sector. These activities – frequently transnational and organized in nature – include illegal fishing, document fraud, drug trafficking, and money laundering.
Illegal fishing is a key driver of global overfishing, it threatens marine ecosystems, puts food security and regional stability at risk, and is linked to major human rights violations and even organized crime.
Iconic species are socially, culturally and economically important, and the community expects them to be effectively managed and protected.
What is a flagship species? A flagship species is a species selected to act as an ambassador, icon or symbol for a defined habitat, issue, campaign or environmental cause. ... Flagship species are usually relatively large, and considered to be 'charismatic' in western cultures.
Collection device of fish eggs and larvae pdfAshish sahu
First, an incision is made in her abdomen and then a small tube is inserted. The farmer then puts his mouth on the tube and sucks out a sWhen the internal ovaries or egg masses of fish and certain marine animals are ripe for spawning they are called roe.mall quantity of eggs for examination. If they're the right color and consistency, he'll kill the animal and harvest the caviar.When the internal ovaries or egg masses of fish and certain marine animals are ripe for spawning they are called roe. I think the best way is to use a toothpick and place them on something flat like a small chunk of marble or any flat ornament. Then place in a submerged container. Don't let the eggs hit open air. Well, the eggs in my breeding tank hatched, but overnight the fry either escaped or died
Mollusca of India and need for conservationAshish sahu
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda. The members are known as molluscs or mollusks. Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species
Goodbye, Gillnets Belize bans deadly fishing gear, protecting countless marine animals Magazine Opting Out Amazon packages are awash in plastic, and shoppers want alternatives Q&A with Sam Waterston On cod, climate change, and his ... Ocean Council Susan Rockefeller, Founder Kelly Hallman, Vice Chair Dede McMahon, Vice Chair Anonymous Samantha Bass Violaine and John Bernbach Rick Burnes Vin Cipol
A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups.
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology is a university located in Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, established in 1975. It is named after the politician and educator Narendra Deva, who served as vice chancellor of the University of Lucknow and Banaras Hindu University. It also has constituent colleges in Ambedkar Nagar district and Azamgarh district, as well as a planned college in Gonda district.
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and TechnologyAshish sahu
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology is a university located in Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, established in 1975. It is named after the politician and educator Narendra Deva, who served as vice chancellor of the University of Lucknow and Banaras Hindu University. It also has constituent colleges in Ambedkar Nagar district and Azamgarh district, as well as a planned college in Gonda district.
Impact of climate change in atmosphere of oceanAshish sahu
How does climate change effect the ocean?
5 ways that climate change affects the ocean
Higher temperatures are bad for fish — and for us.
Polar ice is melting.
Rising sea levels represent a slow, seemingly unstoppable threat.
Warming oceans alter currents.
Climate change is affecting the chemistry of seawater.
Three main methods for pond management are adding aeration, water treatments like beneficial bacteria, and weed and algae controls. The single best water management strategy you can implement is adding pond aeration.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2. A marine protected area (MPA) is an area of sea especially dedicated to the
protection and maintenance of biodiversity, and of natural and associated cultural
resources, and managed through legal or other effective means.
"Marine protected area (MPA)" is a term for protected areas that include marine
environment and biodiversity.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) defines a protected
area as:
"A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed,
through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of
nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values.”
3. MPA’s include
Marine parks
nature reserves
locally managed marine areas that protect reefs
Sea grass beds
Ship wrecks
Archaeological sites
Tidal lagoons
Mudflats
Salt marshes
Mangroves
Rock platforms
Underwater areas on the coast
The seabed in deep water, as well as open water
(the water column)
4. Fort Jefferson National Monument
History of MPA’s
• The world’s first marine protected area- Fort
Jefferson National Monument in Florida, which
covered 18850 hectares of sea and 35 hectares of
coastal land.
5. Categarie
s
IUCN Protected Area Management Categories:
I.A Strict nature reserve Protected area managed for mainly science
I.B Wildness area Protected area managed mainly for wildness protection
II. National park Protected area managed mainly for ecosystem protection &
recreation
III. Natural monuments or
features
Protected area managed mainly for conservation of specific
natural features
Established to protect historical sites and cultural sites such
as fishing grounds.
IV. Habitat / species management
area
Established to protect a certain species, to benefit fisheries, rare
habitat, as spawning / nursing grounds for fish, or to protect
entire ecosystems.
V. Protected seascape Protected area managed for mainly for seascape conservation and
recreation
VI. Sustainable use of natural
resources
Protected area managed for mainly for the sustainable use of
natural ecosystem
IUCN offered seven categories of protected area, based on management objectives:
6. WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF MARINE PROTECTED AREAS?
• Conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem.
• Providing refuges for endangered and commercial species.
• Protecting critical habitats from damage by destructive fishing practices and other human
activities and allowing them to recover.
• Providing areas where fish are able to reproduce, spawn and grow to their adult size.
• Increasing fish catches (both size and quantity) in surrounding fishing grounds.
• Building resilience to protect against damaging external impacts, such as climate change.
• Helping to maintain local cultures, economies, and livelihoods which are intricately linked to the
marine environment.
• scientific and educational initiatives.
• help sustain local economies by supporting fisheries and tourism.
7.
8.
9.
10. Impact on our Ecosystem:
Increasing impacts on the world's oceans, caused by
Development
Pollution
Overfishing
Natural events, strain the health of our coastal and marine
ecosystems.
Decreased or damaged fish population
Bleached corals
Threatened or endangered species
Limited job opportunities.
Damage coral reef ecosystem
Development Coral bleaching
14. “MPAs play a crucial role in
sustaining & building coastal
community and ecosystem which
are affected by ocean
acidification, ocean warming &
Deoxygenation.”
MPAs can provide long term
protection for coastal habitats
like salt marshes, Seagrasses
and mangroves, which provide
long term storage for co2
A big year for MPAs over 2.5 million
km2 of ocean has been fully
protected. That’s over 4 times the
size of France.
“MPAs provide better
breeding ground & spawning
ground.”
BLUE SOLUTION
Marine protected Areas for a changing Climate
2030: Scientists
'recommended target of at
least 30% under full
protection.
2020:
International target for 10% of ocean
protection.
2015:
< 3.5% of ocean has any protection &
& < 1% is fully protected.
15.
16. Marine National Park and Water Sanctuaries of India
A marine park is a park consisting of an area of sea (or lake) sometimes protected for
recreational, Conservation of species.
National parks are high- secuirity natural area created to conserve & protect animals and
other species.
The idea of national park was given by the artist George Catlin in 1832s.
Most marine parks are designated by governments, and organized like 'watery' national
parks.
The largest marine national parks in the world are Great barrier reef, Australia and Chagos
marine park ,UK.
17. 1. Gulf of Kutch National marine park:
Situated on the southern shore of the Gulf of Kutch in
Jamnagar, Gujarat.
Established: 1980
Area: 270 square km
It is the first national marine park of India & 1st marine
wildlife sanctuary.
42 islands on Jamnagar coast in the Marine National Park.
The best known island is Pirotan.
1980- an area of 270 square km., from Okha to Jodiya was
declared Marine sanctuary.
1982- a core area of 110 square km. was declared as marine
national park under the wildlife protection act, 1972.
Flora/Fauna:- Coral Lichen, Sea Slug, Painted Storks, Shelled
Mollusks, Octopus, Sea mammals Sea weed, Sponge, Prawn,
Crabs, Sea turtle like Green sea, Olive riddle, Leather back.
18. 2. Gulf of mannar National marine park:
Established: 1986s.
Consists of 21 small islands and coral reefs in the Gulf of Mannar in
the Indian Ocean of Tamil Nadu.
It is Biosphere Reserve and Marine park
The park has a high diversity of plants and animals in its marine and
shore habitats.
Dugong (Sea Cow), a vulnerable marine mammal is also found here.
The Gulf of Mannar is known for its pearl banks of Pinctada
radiata and Pinctada fucata for at least two thousand years.
Dugong (Sea Cow),
19. 3. Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park
Established in 24 May, 1983 under the wildlife
protection Act of 1972
Andaman Islands
Area 281.5 square km.
Most of the coral reefs in the park are fringing
reefs and the park is an important breeding
ground for turtles.
It is also Known as Wandoor National Park.
Jolly Buoy and Red skin Islands are famous
islands out of the 15 islands in this national
park.
This National park is covered with Tropical
Forest.
20. 4. Rani Jhansi Marine National Park:
Located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of
Bengal.
It was founded in 1996, and covers 256.14 km².
It commemorates Lakshmibai, the Rani of Jhansi.
Khown for coral reef and marine life, Crocodiles, Dugong, &
Fruit – eating bat species.
Fruit – eating bat species.Crocodiles coral reef
21. 5. Bhitarkanika Gahirmatha Marine Wildlife Sanctuary:
The first and the only Marine Sanctuary of Orissa.
(Area:1435 square km.)
Including Olive Ridley sea turtles migrate in huge numbers.
Gahirmatha Beach separates the Bhitarkanika mangroves
from the Bay of Bengal is the world’s most important nesting
beach for Olive Ridley Sea Turtles.
In 1997:- Govt declared Gahirmatha as marine sanctuary to
save turtles.
It is the biggest nesting ground for olive Ridley Turtles in the
world.
Nesting beach for Olive Ridley Sea Turtles.
22. 6. Malvan Marine Wildlife Sanctuary:
Located in Malvan Taluka of Sindhudurg district in Konkan region
of Maharashtra.
Malvan Marine Wildlife Sanctuary .
Area: 29.12 square km.
Rich in Salt that is why named as Malva.
These corals are legally protected under the Malvan Marine
Sanctuary.
Sea anemones, Pearl Oysters, Mollusks, Seaweed, Mangroves
Coral Reef. Found in this area.
Note:-Maharashtra government last year has declared the area
along Thane Creek as Flamingo Sanctuary.
This Sanctuary is Maharashtra’s second marine sanctuary after
Malvan (Marine) Wildlife Sanctuary which was declared in 1987.
23. Biosphere reserve of India
are “special places for people and nature”.
are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems promoting solutions to reconcile the conservation
of biodiversity with its sustainable use.
are nominated by national governments.
A biosphere reserve is an ecosystem with plants and animals of unusual scientific and natural
interest.
It is a label given by UNESCO to help protect the sites.
The plan is to promote management, research and education in ecosystem conservation.
This includes the 'sustainable use of natural resources’.
If, for example, fish or trees are taken for human use, this is done in ways which least damage
the ecosystem.
The first biosphere reserve of the world was established in 1979s.
24.
25. Man and Biosphere ( MAB) programme
Biosphere Initiated by UNESCO in 1970 under its man and
biosphere ( MAB) programme.
MAB: Broad based ecological programme to develop within
the natural & social sciences.
And for improvement of relationship between man and the
environment.
launched in 1970s.
is primarily a programme of research and training & seek
scientific information to find the solition.
26.
27.
28. 1. Sundarban Biosphere Reserve:
Declared: 1989s
Located in West Bangal.
It is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the
world.
Declared as a Biosphere Reserve and a UNSCO World Heritage site.
Sundarbans National Park is a national park, biosphere reserve and
tiger reserve located in West Bengal, India.
The main attraction of this park is the dense population of tigers.
It is wildlife park in India where tigers khown how to swim.
Famous for Bengal tigers, Crocodile, snakes, Mangroves forest.
Bengal tigers Crocodile Mangroves forest Birds
29. Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve
Southern most island- surrounded by the Bay of Bengal &
Andaman Sea.
Declared in 1989s.
Located in Andaman & Nicobar Island.
Occupies about 85% of the island.
Core area 885 square km.
The largest of the Nicobar Islands in the Indian Union Territory
of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
surrounded by a 12 km-wide "forest buffer zone.
In year 2013 it was included in the list of Man and Biosphere
program of UNESCO to promote sustainable development.
Leatherback sea turtle
(Dermochelys coriacea)
“Also known as lute turtle or
leathery turtle or simply the luth,
largest of all living turtle”.
Saltwater Crocodile
(Crocodylus porosus)
30. Diego Garcia (Chagos Archipelago)
• The coconut crab (Birgus latro) is a species of
terrestrial hermit crab
• also known as the robber crab or palm thief.
• It is the largest land-living arthropod in the
world.
31. World Heritage Site-
WHS an area exhibiting extensive natural or cultural history. Maritime areas are poorly represented.
AUSTRALIA – The Great Barrier Reef
Biggest coral reef system in the world with more than 2,900
individual reefs and 900 islands.
The Great Barrier Reef was named to the World Heritage Site list in
1981.
Protect not only the reefs but also the marine life, which includes the
Humphead Wrasse along with more than 1,500 species of fish.
INDONESIA – Komodo National Park
Protecting the Komodo dragon, which has the distinction of being
the largest lizard in the world.
It was declared a World Heritage Site in 1991.
32. PHILIPPINES – Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park
Marine and bird sanctuary that was named as a World Heritage Site
in 1993
Protect nesting grounds for hawksbills and green sea turtles, along
with hundreds of other fish, shark, whale, dolphin, and bird species.
FRANCE – Lagoons of New Caledonia
The New Caledonia Barrier Reef is the second-longest coral reef
on earth.
Declared a World Heritage Site in 2008
Protect the area’s endemic species, such as the dugongs, and its
green sea turtle nesting sites from destructive mining, agriculture,
and grazing practices.
ECUADOR – Galapagos Islands
consist of an archipelago of volcanic islands
Named as a World Heritage Site in 1978
Protect species that include hammerhead sharks and Galapagos
sea lions.