Biofuels Issues, Trends and Challenges
"RENALT ENERGY" - providing integrated solutions to "Green" petrochemicals, integrated Bio-Refining /conventional oil Refining, and Biomass-to-chemicals, primarily through Energy and Process Consultancy.
Biomass-to-"Green" chemicals: Biomass-to-chemicals refers to the process of producing chemicals from Biomass. The major Biomass -to-chemicals processes utilized in worldwide, with our strategic focus on, Biomass-to-methanol, MTO and MTP processes that produce the same chemical products, such as ethylene and propylene, as the petrochemical facilities, due to better cost efficiencies and greater demand for these chemicals.
We also have interest in, Biomass-to-olefins, Biomass-to-PVC, Biomass to-aromatics and Biomass-to-ammonia/urea processes.
We provide a broad range of integrated services spanning the project life-cycle from feasibility studies, consulting services, provision of proprietary technologies, design, engineering, and after-sale technical support.
A powerpoint presentation on biofuels . Application , manufacture , advantages and disadvantages of biofuels also included . Presentation based on sustainable devolopment . A useful powerpoint presentation for engineering students . GO GREEN . Thank you .
Introduction and Guidance
Biofuels – providing environmental benefits
Lifecycle emissions from fossil fuels
Lifecycle emissions from biofuels
Global Biofuels Mandates
Public Policy-Driven Demand for Biofuels by 2020
Second-generation biofuels for aviation
Key advantages of second-generation biofuels for aviation
Overall Next-Generation Facilities Capacities: Evolution between 2010 and 2011 (millions of gallons)
Technical Challenges
FT synthetic fuels (S-8 and S-5, synthetic replacements
of JP-8 and JP-5) also have very good freezing qualities
Production Challenges
Hydrogen Balance: One Problem
The Imbalance of Hydrogen
Biomass As A Renewable Energy Source: The case of Converting Municipal Solid...IEEE UKM Student Beanch
The paper describes the importance of biomass as a source of renewable energy. Biomass materials have greatest potential to be processed as feedstocks in bio-energy production or as fuels in combustion, gasification and pyrolysis systems. It discusses various methods of preparing the biomass materials. It identifies various applications and focus areas of research and development in handling, storage of biomass.
A powerpoint presentation on biofuels . Application , manufacture , advantages and disadvantages of biofuels also included . Presentation based on sustainable devolopment . A useful powerpoint presentation for engineering students . GO GREEN . Thank you .
Introduction and Guidance
Biofuels – providing environmental benefits
Lifecycle emissions from fossil fuels
Lifecycle emissions from biofuels
Global Biofuels Mandates
Public Policy-Driven Demand for Biofuels by 2020
Second-generation biofuels for aviation
Key advantages of second-generation biofuels for aviation
Overall Next-Generation Facilities Capacities: Evolution between 2010 and 2011 (millions of gallons)
Technical Challenges
FT synthetic fuels (S-8 and S-5, synthetic replacements
of JP-8 and JP-5) also have very good freezing qualities
Production Challenges
Hydrogen Balance: One Problem
The Imbalance of Hydrogen
Biomass As A Renewable Energy Source: The case of Converting Municipal Solid...IEEE UKM Student Beanch
The paper describes the importance of biomass as a source of renewable energy. Biomass materials have greatest potential to be processed as feedstocks in bio-energy production or as fuels in combustion, gasification and pyrolysis systems. It discusses various methods of preparing the biomass materials. It identifies various applications and focus areas of research and development in handling, storage of biomass.
In this world of concerns regarding depletion of fossil fuels, pollution control and other factors leading to threat of man kind survival a way of producing biodiesel from algae which can be a source of alternative fuel. Lots of methods and sources being used for producing biodiesel but from algae one can produce high amount of biodiesel depending on the type of species or strain selected and this way this is a viable and feasible method to produce biodiesel.....
A variety of fuels can be made from biomassi resources including the liquid fuels ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, and gaseous fuels such as hydrogen and methane. Biofuels research and development is composed of three main areas: producing the fuels, applications and uses of the fuels, and distribution infrastructure.
Biofuels are primarily used to fuel vehicles, but can also fuel engines or fuel cells for electricity generation. For information about the use of biofuels in vehicles, see the Alternative Fuel Vehicle page under Vehicles. See the Vehicles page for information about the biofuels distribution infrastructure. See the Hydrogen and Fuel Cells page for more information about hydrogen as a fuel.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to examine the increasing economic feasibility of algae biofuels. Algae can be grown in places where traditional crops cannot be grown and it consumes carbon dioxide, thus making it better than traditional sources of biofuels. It can also be harvested every 10 days thus making its oil yield per acre 200 times higher than corn and 40 times higher than sunflowers. The problem is that harvesting and extracting the algae requires large amounts of labor and energy (drying) and the algae may damage surrounding eco-systems. Thus new and better processes along with large scale production are needed to solve these problems. These slides discuss the various approaches (open pond, photo-bioreactor, fermentation), their advantages and disadvantages, their existing and future costs, and other improvements that are driving steadily falling costs. In the short term, algae will continue to be used in niche applications such as cosmetics, food, and fertilizers. In the long run, as the cost reductions continue, algae might become a major source of fuel for transportation and other applications.
In February 2010, EPA finally nailed down it's analysis and implementation plan for the Renewable Fuels Standard, version 2.0. This presentation covers the main issues and highlights, and delves into some of the minutia before providing key resources for anyone wanting to learn more.
Oh yeah... and images of East Tennessee biofuel pumps (E85, B20, B6) are scattered throughout the presentation just to provide some ET flavor!
The role of biomass in the drive to Net-Zero?NNFCC
At the UK Biomass Biorefinery Network (BBNet) Annual Conference 13-15th October 2021, NNFCC's Director and Lead Consultant on Biobased Products, Dr Adrian Higson, gave a presentation:
'The role of biomass in the drive to Net Zero?'
The UK Government aims to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. The Climate Change Committee (CCC) conclude that sustainable biomass can play a significant role in achieving this, providing it is prioritised for the most valuable end-uses.
Boom or bust – the future prospects for biofuels and oilseed growersNNFCC
This presentation was given by NNFCC’s Policy and Strategy Manager David Turley at the United Oilseeds and HGCA oilseeds update meeting in February 2013.
The Evolution of the Biofuels Industry and Corn’s Future RoleMurphy Jim
The ppt covers a review of the U.S. biofuels industry development in 2008, impact to the industry from the 2008 financial crisis, expected new biofuels and energy policy and projected biofuels industry development post-2010.
The ethanol market size is expected to be worth around USD 163.9 Bn by 2032 from USD 102.8 Bn in 2022, growing at a CAGR of 4.9% during the forecast period from 2022 to 2032.
BP's Statistical Review of World Energy 2011David Crace
This is BP's annual review of world energy. Full of great data and perspective for all types of energy. Great resource document. Thanks to our friends at BP!
Similar to Biofuels Issues, Trends and Challenges (20)
Pressure Relief Systems Vol 2
Causes of Relief Situations
This Volume 2 is a guide to the qualitative identification of common causes of overpressure in process equipment. It cannot be exhaustive; the process engineer and relief systems team should look for any credible situation in addition to those given in this Part which could lead to a need for pressure relief (a relief situation).
Pressure Relief Systems
BACKGROUND TO RELIEF SYSTEM DESIGN Vol.1 of 6
The Guide has been written to advise those involved in the design and engineering of pressure relief systems. It takes the user from the initial identification of potential causes of overpressure or under pressure through the process design of relief systems to the detailed mechanical design. "Hazard Studies" and quantitative hazards analysis are not described; these are seen as complementary activities. Typical users of the Guide will use some Parts in detail and others in overview.
GAS DISPERSION - A Definitive Guide to Accidental Releases of Heavy GasesGerard B. Hawkins
GAS DISPERSION - A Definitive Guide to Accidental Releases of Heavy Gases
This Process Safety Guide has been written with the aim of assisting process engineers, hazard analysts and environmental advisers in carrying out gas dispersion calculations. The Guide aims to provide assistance by:
• Improving awareness of the range of dispersion models available within GBHE, and providing guidance in choosing the most appropriate model for a particular application.
• Providing guidance to ensure that source terms and other model inputs are correctly specified, and the models are used within their range of applicability.
• Providing guidance to deal with particular topics in gas dispersion such as dense gas dispersion, complex terrain, and modeling the chemistry of oxides of nitrogen.
• Providing general background on air quality and dispersion modeling issues such as meteorology and air quality standards.
• Providing example calculations for real practical problems.
SCOPE
The gas dispersion guide contains the following Parts:
1 Fundamentals of meteorology.
2 Overview of air quality standards.
3 Comparison between different air quality models.
4 Designing a stack.
5 Dense gas dispersion.
6 Calculation of source terms.
7 Building wake effects.
8 Overview of the chemistry of the oxides of nitrogen.
9 Overview of the ADMS complex terrain module.
10 Overview of the ADMS deposition module.
11 ADMS examples.
12 Modeling odorous releases.
13 Bibliography of useful gas dispersion books and reports.
14 Glossary of gas dispersion modeling terms.
Appendix A : Modeling Wind Generation of Particulates.
APPENDIX B TABLE OF PROPERTY VALUES FOR SPECIFIC CHEMICALS
Theory of Carbon Formation in Steam Reforming
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Underpinning Theory
2.1 Conceptualization
2.2 Reforming Reactions
2.3 Carbon Formation Chemistry
2.3.1 Natural Gas
2.3.2 Carbon Formation for Naphtha Feeds
2.3.3 Carbon Gasification
2.4 Heat Transfer
3 Causes
3.1 Effects of Carbon Formation
3.2 Types of Carbon
4 What are the Effects of Carbon Formation?
4.1 Why does Carbon Formation Get Worse?
4.1.1 So what is the Next Step?
4.2 Consequences of Carbon Formation
4.3 Why does Carbon Form where it does?
4.3.1 Effect on Process Gas Temperature
4.4 Why does Carbon Formation Propagate Down the Tube?
4.4.1 Effect on Radiation on the Fluegas Side
4.5 Why does Carbon Formation propagate Up the Tube?
5 How do we Prevent Carbon Formation
5.1 The Role of Potash
5.2 Inclusion of Pre-reformer
5.3 Primary Reformer Catalyst Parameters
5.3.1 Activity
5.3.2 Heat Transfer
5.3.3 Increased Steam to Carbon Ratio
6 Steam Out
6.1 Why does increasing the Steam to Carbon Ratio Not Work?
6.2 Why does reducing the Feed Rate not help?
6.3 Fundamental Principles of Steam Outs
TABLES
1 Heat Transfer Coefficients in a Typical Reformer
2 Typical Catalyst Loading Options
FIGURES
1 Hot Bands
2 Conceptual Pellet
3 Naphtha Carbon Formation
4 Heat Transfer within an Reformer
5 Types of Carbon Formation
6 Effect of Carbon on Nickel Crystallites
7 Absorption of Heat
8 Comparison of "Base Case" v Carbon Forming Tube
9 Carbon Formation Vicious Circle
10 Temperature Profiles
11 Carbon Pinch Point
12 Carbon Formation
13 Effect on Process Gas Temperature
14 How does Carbon Propagate into an Unaffected Zone?
15 Movement of the Carbon Forming Region
16 Effect of Hot Bands on Radiative Heat Transfer
17 Effect of Potash on Carbon Formation
18 Application of a Pre-reformer
19 Effect of Activity on Carbon Formation
Calculation of an Ammonia Plant Energy Consumption: Gerard B. Hawkins
Calculation of an Ammonia Plant Energy Consumption:
Case Study: #06023300
Plant Note Book Series: PNBS-0602
CONTENTS
0 SCOPE
1 CALCULATION OF NATURAL GAS PROCESS FEED CONSUMPTION
2 CALCULATION OF NATURAL GAS PROCESS FUEL CONSUMPTION
3 CALCULATION OF NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION FOR PILOT BURNERS OF FLARES
4 CALCULATION OF DEMIN. WATER FROM DEMIN. UNIT
5 CALCULATION OF DEMIN. WATER TO PACKAGE BOILERS
6 CALCULATION OF MP STEAM EXPORT
7 CALCULATION OF LP STEAM IMPORT
8 DETERMINATION OF ELECTRIC POWER CONSUMPTION
9 DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE AMMONIA PLANT ISBL
10 ADJUSTMENT OF ELECTRIC POWER CONSUMPTION FOR TEST RUN CONDITIONS
11 CALCULATION OF AMMONIA SHARE IN MP STEAM CONSUMPTION IN UTILITIES
12 CALCULATION OF AMMONIA SHARE IN ELECTRIC POWER CONSUMPTION IN UTILITIES
13 DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE AMMONIA PLANT OSBL
14 DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE AMMONIA PLANT
Ammonia Plant Technology
Pre-Commissioning Best Practices
GBHE-APT-0102
PICKLING & PASSIVATION
CONTENTS
1 PURPOSE OF THE WORK
2 CHEMICAL CONCEPT
3 TECHNICAL CONCEPT
4 WASTES & SAFETY CONCEPT
5 TARGET RESULTS
6 THE GENERAL CLEANING SEQUENCE MANAGEMENT
6.6.1 Pre-cleaning or “Physical Cleaning
6.6.2 Pre-rinsing
6.6.3 Chemical Cleaning
6.6.4 Critical Factors in Cleaning Success
6.6.5 Rinsing
6.6.6 Inspection and Re-Cleaning, if Necessary
7 Systems to be treated by Pickling/Passivation
Ammonia Plant Technology
Pre-Commissioning Best Practices
Piping and Vessels Flushing and Cleaning Procedure
CONTENTS
1 Scope
2 Aim/purpose
3 Responsibilities
4 Procedure
4.1 Main cleaning methods
4.1.1 Mechanical cleaning
4.1.2 Cleaning with air
4.1.3 Cleaning with steam (for steam networks only)
4.1.4 Cleaning with water
4.2 Choice of the cleaning method
4.3 Cleaning preparation
4.4 Protection of the devices included in the network
4.5 Protection of devices in the vicinity of the network
4.6 Water flushing procedure
4.6.1 Specific problems of water flushing
4.6.2 Preparation for water flushing
4.6.3 Performing a water flush
4.6.4 Cleanliness criteria
4.7 Air blowing procedure
4.7.1 Specific problems of air blowing
4.7.2 Preparation for air blowing
4.7.3 Performing air blowing
4.7.4 Cleanliness checks
4.8 Steam blowing procedure
4.8.1 Specific problems of steam blowing
4.8.2 Preparation for steam blowing
4.8.3 Performing steam blowing
4.8.4 Cleanliness checks
4.9 Chemical cleaning procedure
4.9.1 Specific problems of cleaning with a chemical solution
4.9.2 Preparation for chemical cleaning
4.9.3 Performing a chemical cleaning
4.9.4 Cleanliness criteria
4.10 Re-assembly - general guideline
4.11 Preservation of flushed piping
DESIGN OF VENT GAS COLLECTION AND DESTRUCTION SYSTEMS Gerard B. Hawkins
DESIGN OF VENT GAS COLLECTION AND DESTRUCTION SYSTEMS
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope of this Guide
1.3 Use of the Guide
2 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
2.1 Principal Concerns
2.2 Mechanisms for Ozone Formation
2.3 Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential
2.4 Health and Environmental Effects
2.5 Air Quality Standards for Ground Level Concentrations of Ozone, Targets for Reduction of VOC Discharges and Statutory Discharge Limits
3 VENTS REDUCTION PHILOSOPHY
3.1 Reduction at Source
3.2 End-of-pipe Treatment
4 METHODOLOGY FOR COLLECTION & ASSESSMENT OF PROCESS FLOW DATA
4.1 General
4.2 Identification of Vent Sources
4.3 Characterization of Vents
4.4 Quantification of Process Vent Flows
4.5 Component Flammability Data Collection
4.6 Identification of Operating Scenarios
4.7 Quantification of Flammability Characteristics for Combined Vents
4.8 Identification, Quantification and Assessment of Possibility of Air Ingress Routes
4.9 Tabulation of Data
4.10 Hazard Study and Risk Assessment
4.11 Note on Aqueous / Organic Wastes
4.12 Complexity of Systems
4.13 Summary
5 SAFE DESIGN OF VENT COLLECTION HEADER SYSTEMS
5.1 General
5.2 Process Design of Vent Headers
5.3 Liquid in Vent Headers
5.4 Materials of Construction
5.5 Static Electricity Hazard
5.6 Diversion Systems
5.7 Snuffing Systems
6 SAFE DESIGN OF THERMAL OXIDISERS
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Design Basis
6.3 Types of High Temperature Thermal Oxidizer
6.4 Refractories
6.5 Flue Gas Treatment
6.6 Control and Safety Systems
6.7 Project Program
6.8 Commissioning
6.9 Operational and Maintenance Management
APPENDICES
A GLOSSARY
B FLAMMABILITY
C EXAMPLE PROFORMA
D REFERENCES
DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO IN THIS PROCESS GUIDE
TABLE
1 PHOTOCHEMICAL OZONE CREATION POTENTIAL REFERENCED
TO ETHYLENE AS UNITY
FIGURES
1 SCHEMATIC OF TYPICAL VENT COLLECTION AND THERMAL OXIDIZER SYSTEM
2 TYPICAL KNOCK-OUT POT WITH LUTED DRAIN
3 SCHEMATIC OF DIVERSION SYSTEM
4 CONVENTIONAL VERTICAL THERMAL OXIDIZER
5 CONVENTIONAL OXIDIZER WITH INTEGRAL WATER SPARGER
6 THERMAL OXIDIZER WITH STAGED AIR INJECTION
7 DOWN-FIRED UNIT WITH WATER BATH QUENCH
8 FLAMELESS THERMAL OXIDATION UNIT
9 THERMAL OXIDIZER WITH REGENERATIVE HEAT RECOVERY
10 TYPICAL PROJECT PROGRAM
11 TYPICAL FLAMMABILITY DIAGRAM
12 EFFECT OF DILUTION WITH AIR
13 EFFECT OF DILUTION WITH AIR ON 100 Rm³ OF FLAMMABLE GAS
PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE SELECTION OF PROCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF A...Gerard B. Hawkins
PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE SELECTION OF PROCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC EFFLUENT STREAMS
CONTENTS
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
3.1 IPU
3.2 AOS
3.3 BODs
3.4 COD
3.5 TOC
3.6 Toxicity
3.7 Refractory Organics/Hard COD
3.8 Heavy Metals
3.9 EA
3.10 Biological Treatment Terms
3.11 BATNEEC
3.12 BPEO
3.13 EQS/LV
3.14 IPC
3.15 VOC
3.16 F/M Ratio
3.17 MLSS
3.18 MLVSS
4 DESIGN/ECONOMIC GUIDELINES
5 EUROPEAN LEGISLATION
5.1 General
5.2 Integrated Pollution Control (IPC)
5.3 Best Available Techniques Not Entailing Excessive Costs (BATNEEC)
5.4 Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO)
5.5 Environmental Quality Standards(EQS)
6 IPU EXIT CONCENTRATION
7 SITE/LOCAL REQUIREMENTS
8 PROCESS SELECTION PROCEDURE
8.1 Waste Minimization Techniques (WMT)
8.2 AOS Stream Definition
8.3 Technical Check List
8.4 Preliminary Selection of Suitable Technologies
8.5 Process Sequences
8.6 Economic Evaluation
8.7 Process Selection
APPENDICES
A DIRECTIVE 76/464/EEC - LIST 1
B DIRECTIVE 76/464/EEC - LIST 2
C THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION PRIORITY CANDIDATE LIST
D THE UK RED LIST
E CURRENT VALUES FOR EUROPEAN COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS AND CORRESPONDING LIMIT VALUES
F ESTABLISHED TECHNOLOGIES
G EMERGING TECHNOLOGY
H PROPRIETARY/LESS COMMON TECHNOLOGIES
J COMPARATIVE COST DATA
PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE REDUCTION OF DISCHARGES TO ATMOSPHERE OF VOLATILE ORGA...Gerard B. Hawkins
PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE REDUCTION OF DISCHARGES TO ATMOSPHERE OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCs)
FOREWORD
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
2 THE NEED FOR VOC CONTROL
3 CONTROL AT SOURCE
3.1 Choice or Solvent
3.2 Venting Arrangements
3.3 Nitrogen Blanketing
3.4 Pump Versus Pneumatic Transfer
3.5 Batch Charging
3.6 Reduction of Volumetric Flow
3.7 Stock Tank Design
4 DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT
4.1 By Inference or Calculation
4.2 Flow Monitoring Equipment
4.3 Analytical Instruments
4.4 Vent Emissions Database
5 ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGY
5.1 Available Options
5.2 Selection of Preferred Option
5.3 Condensation
5.4 Adsorption
5.5 Absorption
5.6 Thermal Incineration
5.7 Catalytic Oxidation
5.8 Biological Filtration
5.9 Combinations of Process technologies
5.10 Processes Under Development
6 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
7 REFERENCES
Appendix 1. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potentials
Appendix 2. Examples of Adsorption Preliminary Calculations
Appendix 3. Example of Thermal Incineration Heat and Mass Balance
Appendix 4. Cost Correlations
Getting the Most Out of Your Refinery Hydrogen PlantGerard B. Hawkins
Getting the Most Out of Your Refinery Hydrogen Plant
Contents
Summary
1 Introduction
2 "On-purpose" Hydrogen Production
3 Operational Aspects
4 Uprating Options on the Steam Reformer
4.1 Steam Reforming Catalysts and Tube Metallurgy
4.2 Oxygen-blown Secondary Reformer
4.3 Pre-reforming
4.4 Post-reforming
5 Downstream Units
6 Summary of Uprating Options
7 Conclusions
EMERGENCY ISOLATION OF CHEMICAL PLANTS
CONTENTS
1 Introduction
2 When should Emergency Isolation Valves be Installed
3 Emergency Isolation Valves and Associated Equipment
3.1 Installations on existing plant
3.2 Actuators
3.3 Power to close or power to open
3.4 The need for testing
3.5 Hand operated Emergency Valves
3.6 The need to stop pumps in an emergency
3.7 Location of Operating Buttons
3.8 Use of control valves for Isolation
4 Detection of Leaks and Fires
5 Precautions during Maintenance
6 Training Operators to use Emergency Isolation Valves
7 Emergency Isolation when no remotely operated valve is available
References
Glossary
Appendix I Some Fires or Serious Escapes of Flammable Gases or Liquids that could have been controlled by Emergency Isolation Valves
Appendix II Some typical Installations
Amine Gas Treating Unit - Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide Gerard B. Hawkins
Amine Gas Treating Unit Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide for H2S/CO2 Amine Systems
Contents
Process Capabilities for gas treating process
Typical Amine Treating
Typical Amine System Improvements
Primary Equipment Overview
Inlet Gas Knockout
Absorber
Three Phase Flash Tank
Lean/Rich Heat Exchanger
Regenerator
Filtration
Amine Reclaimer
Operating Difficulties Overview
Foaming
Failure to Meet Gas Specification
Solvent Losses
Corrosion
Typical Amine System Improvements
Degradation of Amines and Alkanolamines during Sour Gas Treating
APPENDIX
Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI support
Biofuels Issues, Trends and Challenges
1. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels Issues, Trends and
Challenges
Gerard B. Hawkins
Executive Director
2. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
This presentation looks at the opportunities and
challenges in developing sustainable biofuels,
focusing on ethanol and biodiesel, the most
widely available biofuels
To discover the other technology,
operations and infrastructure
improvements underway across
the aviation industry.
3. “Biofuels is a collective term
for liquid fuels derived from
renewable sources, including
ethanol, biodiesel, and other
renewable liquid fuels.”
Biofuels Definition
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
4. Fuels derived from CO2-net neutral feedstocks.
Impact Sectors
• Transportation
• Utilities
• Manufacturing Gasoline Consumption
Biofuels Definition
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
6. Biomass to Renewable Fuels
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
7. Other Routes to Renewable Fuels
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
8. Biofuels: Market Highlights
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Ethanol grew from 8 percent of U.S. gasoline
consumption by volume in 2009 to nearly 10 percent
in 2011 and in the first eight months of 2012.
With almost all gasoline in the United States already
blended with 10 percent ethanol (E10), the maximum
level approved for use in all cars and light trucks,
significant increases in domestic consumption of
ethanol face a blend wall unless higher percentage
ethanol blends can achieve significant market
penetration.
9. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels: Market Highlights
While the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) has
approved use of a 15 percent
ethanol blend (E15) for model year
2001 and newer cars and light
trucks, concerns related to
automobile warranties, potential
liability for misfueling, and
infrastructure costs are likely to
limit E15 use to low volumes in the
near term.
10. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels: Market Highlights
Exports of ethanol increased substantially as
producers looked abroad for new markets and Brazil
experienced a poor sugar harvest during 2011-12.
In the 2010/11 agricultural marketing year,2 40
percent of the corn crop and 14 percent of soybean
oil production was used to produce biofuels and
other products, including distillers grains for use as
animal feed.
The federal excise tax credits for non-cellulosic
ethanol and biodiesel and the ethanol import tariff
expired at the end of 2011.
11. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels: Market Highlights
A serious drought in the midwestern
United States during summer 2012
lowered production estimates for
corn and other crops, resulting in
higher prices and a reduced forecast
for biofuels production for the
2012/13 marketing year.
Plans for a pipeline to deliver
ethanol from the Midwest to the
Northeast were withdrawn during
2011.
12. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels: Market Highlights
Cellulosic biofuels production to
date is far below the targets set
by the Energy Independence and
Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007).
EPA issued waivers that
substantially reduced the
cellulosic biofuels obligation
under RFS2 for the 2010, 2011,
and 2012 program years.
13. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels: Market Highlights
Even that anticipated level of commercial production
failed to materialize. There was no production of
cellulosic biofuels or Renewable Identification
Numbers (RINs) in 2010 or 2011.
While a small number of cellulosic RINs may be
available to be applied towards the reduced RFS2
requirements for 2012 set under EPA’s waiver,4
production of cellulosic biofuel RINs in 2012 is likely
to be well short of the reduced 2012 requirement.
14. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels: Market Highlights
World biofuels supply by type
15. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels: Market Highlights
Ethanol and biodiesel U.S. summary, 2009-11
(million gallons unless otherwise noted)
16. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels: Market Highlights
Conventional and Advanced Biofuels
17. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels: Market Highlights
Advanced Biofuels
19. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels: Market Highlights
Conventional Bioethanol: EU Production, Supply and Demand Table
20. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels: Market Highlights
Conventional Bioethanol: EU Production, Supply and Demand Table
21. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels: Market Highlights
Conventional Bioethanol: Production Capacity
22. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels: Market Highlights
Feedstock Use
23. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels: Market Highlights
Conventional Biodiesel: EU Production, Supply and Demand Table
24. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels: Market Highlights
Conventional Biodiesel: EU Production, Supply and Demand Table
25. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels: Market Highlights
Conventional Biodiesel: EU Production, Supply and Demand Table
26. Biofuels: Incentives for Expansion
Legislation and
regulations are important
factors in the production
and consumption of
ethanol and biodiesel.
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Processing plants are being built to produce the
required annual volumes and market participants
are sensitive to legislative and regulatory
developments.
RFS structure with 2022 mandated volumes
(Billion gallons)
27. Biofuels: Incentives for Expansion
EPA issues new rules for biofuels use each year
establishing the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) volume
requirements and associated percentage standards that
will apply in the following calendar year for cellulosic
biofuels, biomass-based diesel, advanced biofuels, and
total renewable fuel.
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Renewable Fuel
Standard in billions
of gallons per year
28. Biofuels: Incentives for Expansion
EPA granted approval in January 2011 for the use of
gasoline blended with 15 percent ethanol (E15) in
model year 2001 and newer vehicles.
− Numerous ethanol producers received approval to
sell their products for blending into E15.
− The first gallons of E15 were sold in July 2012 in
Lawrence, Kansas.
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Key legislation and regulations issued since 2009
29. Biofuels: Incentives for Expansion
California continued work on the Low Carbon Fuel
Standard (LCFS), a state-enacted policy to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles.
− Implementation began in January 2011 but was halted
by an injunction in December 2011 as two separate
lawsuits worked their way through the state and federal
courts.
− The injunction was lifted in April 2012 but litigation
continues.
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Key legislation and regulations issued since 2009
30. Biofuels: Incentives for Expansion
The Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit (VEETC) of
$0.45 per gallon of ethanol blended with gasoline expired
on December 31, 2011.
The $0.54-per-gallon tariff imposed on imported fuel
ethanol expired on December 31, 2011.
The retroactive reinstatement of the $1.00-per-gallon
biodiesel tax credit that occurred in late 2010 was effective
for biodiesel produced in 2010 through its expiration at the
end of 2011.
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Key legislation and regulations issued since 2009
31. Biofuels: Incentives for Expansion
Energy Act of 1992
•USDA Commodity Credit Corporation's (CCC)
Bioenergy Program
•Energy Policy Act of 2005 [the Renewable Fuels
Standard (RFS) phase-in]–2 Provisions
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Earlier Key legislation and regulations
32. Biofuels: Incentives for Expansion
•EPA Diesel Regulations
- Introduction of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD)
- Biodiesel as lubricant additive (causes engine damage).
- Addition of B2 restores lubricity.
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Earlier Key legislation and regulations
33. Biofuels: Incentives for Expansion
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Selected world biofuel policies
34. Biofuels Production Methods
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biofuels production technology
continues to improve, both for
mature processes, such as corn-
based ethanol and vegetable oil-
based biodiesel, and for new
processes, such as renewable
diesel, renewable jet fuel, and
cellulosic biofuels.
35. Biofuels Production Methods
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Biodiesel producers have diversified their slate
of raw materials from primarily soybean oil to a
mix including:
-soybean oil,
-- non-food-grade corn oil,
-- various types of waste greases
36. Biofuels Production Methods
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Traditional biodiesel cannot be commingled with
jet fuel in product pipelines in any measurable
quantity, due to biodiesel’s solvent properties48
and potential problems with materials
compatibility.
Biofuels producers therefore looked to a different
production technology that would use the same
inputs normally used for biodiesel.
37. Biofuels Production Methods
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Instead of the reaction of renewable oil with
alcohol to produce biodiesel, the renewable oil
can be reacted with hydrogen (hydrotreated) to
produce a drop-in fuel compatible with existing
infrastructure and equipment.
This process can be used to produce renewable
jet fuel or renewable diesel fuel that does not
adversely affect jet fuel when the two products
are shipped on the same petroleum product
pipeline.
38. Cellulosic Production
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Progress on the commercialization
of cellulosic biofuels has been
slower than envisioned in 2007,
when the RFS2 was enacted.
The original RFS2 legislation
called for 100 million gallons of
cellulosic biofuel consumption in
2010.
41. Cellulosic Production
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
Cellulosic biofuels projects currently projected to produce commercial
volumes during 2012 or 2013
42. Biofuels
Key points about biofuels
Produced from renewable
biological resources such as plant
material (rather than traditional
fossil fuels like coal, oil and
natural gas).
Absorbs carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere as the plant matter
(biomass) is grown, which is then
released back into the atmosphere
when the fuel is burnt.
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
43. Biofuels
Key points about biofuels
First-generation biofuels have
been used for a number of years
for transport, home heating, power
generation from stationary
engines, and cooking.
Second-generation biofuels are
derived from new sources that do
not compete for resources with
food supplies and can be used in
aviation.
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
44. Biomass to Biofuels: Possible Routes
RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
47. RENALT ENERGY
•Biogas upgrading using membranes templated with
supercritical (Sc) CO2.
•Advanced concept in C sequestration: CO2recycling by
catalytic conversion into bioalcohols.
•Ultra-deep (< 5 ppm) sulfur removal from biomass-
derived fuels: The next-generation nano catalyst based
technology.
•High conversion once-through catalysis: Biomass-
derived syngas to renewable diesel.
Research Projects
48. RENALT ENERGY
•Advanced concept in C sequestration: CO2recycling by
catalytic conversion into bioalcohols.
•Biofuel combustion: combustion characteristics and
emissions.
•PEM fuel cells (Bipolar plate technology): efficiency
management with bioalcohols as fuel feed.
•H2 production by thermophillic bacteria.
•Interaction of biofuels with skin tissue: Potential toxicity
of oxygenated fuels.
Research Projects
50. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
EIA Estimates for Transportation Sector
51. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
EIA Estimates for Transportation Sector
52. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
EIA Estimates for Transportation Sector
53. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
EIA Estimates for Transportation Sector
54. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
EIA Estimates for Transportation Sector
55. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
EIA Estimates for Transportation Sector
56. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
EIA Estimates for Transportation Sector
57. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
EIA Estimates for Transportation Sector
58. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
EIA Estimates for Transportation Sector
59. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
EIA Estimates for Transportation Sector
60. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
EIA Estimates for Transportation Sector
61. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
EIA Estimates for Transportation Sector
62. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
EIA Estimates for Transportation Sector
63. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
EIA Estimates for Transportation Sector
64. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
EIA Estimates for Transportation Sector
65. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
EIA Estimates for Transportation Sector
66. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
"RENALT ENERGY" - providing integrated solutions to
"Green" petrochemicals, integrated Bio-Refining /conventional oil
Refining, and Biomass-to-chemicals, primarily through Energy and
Process Consultancy.
Biomass-to-"Green" chemicals: Biomass-to-chemicals refers to the
process of producing chemicals from Biomass. The major Biomass -
to-chemicals processes utilized in worldwide, with our strategic focus
on, Biomass-to-methanol, MTO and MTP processes that produce the
same chemical products, such as ethylene and propylene, as the
petrochemical facilities, due to better cost efficiencies and greater
demand for these chemicals.
67. RENALT ENERGY
Renewable and Alternative Energy for the New Millennium
We also have interest in, Biomass-to-olefins, Biomass-to-
PVC, Biomass to-aromatics and Biomass-to-ammonia/urea
processes.
We provide a broad range of integrated services spanning the
project life-cycle from feasibility studies, consulting services,
provision of proprietary technologies, design, engineering,
and after-sale technical support.
www.renaltenergy.com