production of biodiesel has become the new norm in the global search for alternative source of energy with little carbon emission

1. CONVERSION OF USED VEGETABLE OIL TO BIO
DIESEL USING CLAY AS CATALYST

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Background of the study
Statement of the problem
Aims and Objectives of the study
Literature Review
Materials and methods

3. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
 Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) is used vegetable oil
obtained from cooking food.
 Although, waste cooking oil is least expensive,
environmental pollution and soil degradation occur
from the disposal of waste oil.
 To better control this effect, waste vegetable oil can be
better utilized as a feedstock to produce bio fuel (Filho
et al., 1993; Morais et al., 2010).

4. Cont’d
 Biodiesel still has not been commercialized globally
due to its high production cost.
 The major restricting factor in the development of
biodiesel is the feedstock for its formation.
 Biodiesel is made through a chemical process called
transesterification in the presence of methanol using
refined edible or non-edible oils as raw materials
whereby the glycerin is separated from the fat or
vegetable oil.
 The process leaves behind two products, methyl esters
and glycerin.

5. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
 The rise and fall of fuel price has increased the interest in
sourcing possible ways to produce fuel and the production
of bio diesel has grown steadily during the last 30 years and
very little research has been done for the production of
biodiesel from used vegetable oil especially in Nigeria.
 A considerable amount of waste ends up in open dumps or
drainage system, threatening the quality of the water.
 When waste oil is dumped, it could lead to serious
environmental problems unless they are converted into
useful products or disposed properly.

6. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE
STUDY
The overall objective of this work is to:
 Produce biodiesel from used vegetable oil.
 The optimum oil to ethanol ratio for the feed stock
 The optimum oil to catalyst ratio for the feed stock

7. THE FUTURE OF BIODIESEL FUEL
 Due to its clean emissions profile, ease of use, and many
other benefits, biodiesel is quickly becoming one of the
fastest growing alternative fuels in the world.
 With minimal subsidy biodiesel is cost competitive with
petroleum diesel, and millions of users have found and
enjoyed the benefits of the fuel.
 The future of biodiesel lies in the world’s ability to produce
renewable feedstock such as vegetable oils and fats to keep
the cost of biodiesel competitive with petroleum, without
supplanting land necessary for food production, or
destroying natural ecosystems in the process.

8. PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL
 Biodiesel is derived from transesterification of
vegetable oils or animal fat and composed of saturated
and unsaturated long chain fatty acids alkyl esters
(Fasal et al., 2011).
 It was reported to be one of the most promising
alternative fuels due to its renewability and
sustainability.

9. FACTORS DISRUPTING BIODIESEL
PRODUCTION
 Temperature
 Reaction time
 Catalyst

10. MATERIALS AND METHODS
 The following are materials and apparatus that will be required;
 Used vegetable oil (2litres)
 Ethanol (1litre)
 HCL
 KOH
 Zeolite clay
 Stopwatch
 Shaker
 Distillation flask
 Sieves (100 - 150) mesh
 Beakers
 Stirrer

11. Cont’d.
 Catalyst Preparation
 A total of 25g of natural zeolite was put into a glass
beaker containing 125ml of 6M HCL, shaking for 30
minutes at a temperature of 50 while stirring with
magnetic stirrer then filters with a size 60 mesh and
washed repeatedly until no CL ions were detected
AgNO3 solution, dried at 130 for 3 hours.

12. Cont’d
 Synthesis of Bio Diesel
 The simultaneous transesterification and esterification
of the used vegetable oil containing will be carried out
in the presence of prepared zeolite-based catalyst in a
round-bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser,
temperature controller and mechanical stirrer.

13. THANK YOU/QUESTIONS