BIOCHEMISTRY AS BIOLOGY REVISION

Unit 1.1 Molecules Biology Department Watford Girls Grammar School

Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],O H H + + -

Water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Carbohydrates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Monosacharides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],O C C C C C C

Isomerism ,[object Object],[object Object],OH OH  

Disaccharides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Condensation reaction OH OH O C C C C C C O C C C C C C

Condensation reaction O H OH O C C C C C C O C C C C C C

Condensation reaction O H 2 O O C C C C C C O C C C C C C

Condensation reaction O A disaccharide 1,4 glycosidic bond 4 1 O C C C C C C O C C C C C C

Polysaccharides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Starch Insoluble store of glucose in plants formed from two glucose polymers: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Glycogen ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cellulose ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],O O O O O

Lipids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Triglycerides ,[object Object],[object Object],Glycerol H C H C C H H H H O O O

Fatty acids ,[object Object],[object Object],H A saturated fatty acid (no double bonds) H C H H C H H C H C O O H C H H C H H C H H C H H

H H C O O H C C C C H A polyunsaturated fatty acid C O O H C H H C H A monounsaturated fatty acid H H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H

Esterification Glycerol Fatty acid H C H C C H H H H O O O C O O H C H H C H H C H H C H H

Esterification H C H C C H H H H O O O C O O H Glycerol Fatty acid H C H H C H H C H H C H

Esterification H C H C C H H H H O O O C O O H Ester bond water H C H H C H H C H H C H

Esterification ,[object Object],glycerol fatty acids

Phospholipids ,[object Object],[object Object],glycerol Hydrophobic fatty acids hydrophilic phosphate

Functions of lipids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Proteins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Amino acids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],amine carboxyl H C H N C H H O O R

Peptide bonding H C H N C H H O O R H C H N C H H O O R

Peptide bonding C H N C H H O R H C H N C H O O R water Peptide bond A condensation reaction H O H

Peptide bonding H C H N C H O O R A dipeptide C H N C H H O R

Primary structure ,[object Object],[object Object],Secondary structure ,[object Object],[object Object]

Secondary structure  -helix  -pleated sheet

Tertiary structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],affected by temp & pH affected by pH affected by reducing agents

Quaternary structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types of proteins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Functions of proteins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Nucleic acids ,[object Object],[object Object],phosphate pentose sugar base

Nucleotides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Complimentary base pairing ,[object Object],[object Object],T C G A

DNA structure nucleotide Condensation polymerisation of the deoxyribose nucleotides

Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The genetic code ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Protein synthesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transcription ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Amino acid activation ,[object Object],[object Object]

Translation ,[object Object],[object Object]

Translation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Human Genome Project ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acknowledgements ,[object Object],[object Object]

Quiz ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Answers ,[object Object],[object Object]

Answers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

BIOCHEMISTRY AS BIOLOGY REVISION

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BIOCHEMISTRY AS BIOLOGY REVISION