Bio 151 lec 1 overview
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This document provides an overview and introduction to immunobiology. It discusses that the immune system is composed of both the innate (non-specific) system and the adaptive (specific) system. The innate system provides a first line of defense through barrier tissues and cells that rapidly respond to invaders. The adaptive system provides a second line of defense through production of antibodies and cell-mediated responses that may take days to respond to a new infection. Both systems have cellular and humoral components that work together to protect the body, with signals between the two systems.
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1. Dendritic cell eats bugs and displays antigens to naïve T cells using MHC class II. T cells mature.
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How our immune system works
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Immunology (Innate and adaptive immune systems) (ANTIGENS (Ag))
The document provides an overview of immunology and the immune system. It defines key terms like immunity, the immune system, and immune response. It describes the two main branches of the immune system: innate (natural) immunity and adaptive (acquired) immunity. The innate system provides non-specific resistance and is the body's first line of defense. The adaptive system provides antigen-specific immunity and develops memory to enhance the response. The document also outlines the major cells involved in the immune response, including lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. It discusses the functions of phagocytic cells in phagocytosis and intracellular/extracellular killing of pathogens.
Mechanisms Of Defense Immune System.ppt
The immune system protects the body from pathogens and tumor cells. It has both innate and adaptive defenses. The adaptive immune system includes B cells and T cells. B cells produce antibodies while T cells help regulate immune responses. Memory cells allow for a faster response upon reexposure to pathogens. Dysregulation can lead to autoimmunity or immunodeficiency. Factors like stress and emotions can also influence immune function.
Immunity and immune system: Defense mechanism of the body
The document summarizes the defense mechanisms of the body. It discusses innate immunity as the body's first line of defense against pathogens. It then describes acquired or adaptive immunity, which involves lymphocytes that provide long-lasting protection. Specifically, it notes that acquired immunity has two components: humoral immunity mediated by antibodies from B cells, and cell-mediated immunity involving T cells and cytokines. The document also briefly discusses autoimmune diseases, immune deficiency diseases like AIDS, and the roles of T cells and B cells in the immune response.
Humoral and cell mediated immunity, Educational Platform.pptx
The document summarizes the key components of the humoral and cell-mediated immune response. It describes the nonspecific first and second lines of defense, including physical and chemical barriers. The third line of specific defense involves humoral immunity mediated by B cells and antibodies, and cell-mediated immunity carried out by T cells. It details the roles of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, B cells, plasma cells, and memory cells in the adaptive immune response during primary and secondary infections.
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY T CELLS.pptx
The document discusses adaptive immunity and the immune response. It describes the four phases of the adaptive immune response as encounter, activation, attack, and memory. Acquired immunity develops over one's lifetime from vaccines, infections, or antibodies from others. The adaptive immune response involves B cells, helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells. It also discusses the specificity, adaptiveness, discrimination between self and non-self, and memory properties of the adaptive immune response. The major cell types involved are T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, T memory cells, and regulatory T cells. The roles and mechanisms of these cell types are described in detail.
adaptiveimmunitytcells-2023.pdf
The document discusses adaptive immunity and the immune response. It describes the four phases of the adaptive immune response as encounter, activation, attack, and memory. Acquired immunity develops over one's lifetime from vaccines, infections, or antibodies from others. The adaptive immune response involves B cells, helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells. It also discusses the specificity, adaptiveness, discrimination between self and non-self, and memory properties of the adaptive immune response. The major cell types involved are T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, T memory cells, and regulatory T cells. The roles and mechanisms of these cell types are described in detail.
immunology disorders
This document provides an overview of immunological disorders and HIV/AIDS. It discusses the components of the immune system including innate and adaptive immunity. It describes the four types of hypersensitivity reactions and common disorders like allergies. It then focuses on HIV/AIDS, explaining how it weakens the immune system, the types of HIV, modes of transmission including sexually, blood-to-blood contact, and from mother to child, as well as the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of HIV infection.
Adaptive Immune Response.pptx
The adaptive immune system eliminates pathogens through specialized cells and processes. It has two main responses - humoral mediated by antibodies from B cells, and cell mediated by T lymphocytes. Adaptive immunity is specific, diverse and develops immunological memory allowing faster responses. It involves lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells, and effector cells working together precisely eliminate pathogens.
Immune system
AT THE END OF THIS SESSION, STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
a. Define immunity and contrast the difference between its 2 types (innate & acquired).
b. Describe some mechanisms for innate immunity (interferon’s & complement should be included).
c. Describe briefly the mechanism of acquired immunity and identify the major differences between its two types (humoral & cell-mediated).
d. Relate the knowledge acquired to some clinical problems (e.g., AIDS)
Overview of immune response
The document provides an overview of the key mechanisms of the immune system. It describes the innate immune system which provides the first line of defense through physical, chemical, and cellular barriers. The innate system includes phagocytic cells like macrophages and neutrophils that ingest pathogens, as well as natural killer cells, complement proteins, toll-like receptors, and inflammation. The adaptive immune system then provides long-lasting immunity through targeted B cells and T cells, antibodies, and memory cells. B cells produce antibodies, while T cells identify and destroy infected cells. Together the innate and adaptive immune systems protect the body from invading pathogens.
Functional organization of the Immune System
The immune system consists of a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to defend the body from pathogens. The primary lymphoid organs, bone marrow and thymus, produce immune cells. The secondary lymphoid organs, including lymph nodes and spleen, contain specialized compartments where immune cells gather and respond to antigens. Immune cells travel between the blood, lymph, and lymphoid tissues to carry out functions like pathogen recognition and elimination.
Immune system-overviewdoc3188-1
The immune system protects the body from infection and disease. It has both innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity provides immediate defense against pathogens using mechanisms like phagocytosis. Adaptive immunity develops over time and provides long-lasting, pathogen-specific protection through antibodies and T cells. The immune system is made up of organs like the bone marrow, thymus, and spleen that contain cells like T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells which work together to recognize and eliminate pathogens.
Immunity of bovine
1. Cattle have a complex immune system that produces lymphocytes and antibodies to recognize and fight pathogens. The immune system response is either humoral, involving antibodies, or cell-mediated, using effector cells.
2. The immune system has primary organs like the thymus, bone marrow, and Peyer's patches that produce lymphocytes, and secondary organs like lymph nodes and spleen that respond to pathogens.
3. Immunity can be innate, involving physical and chemical barriers, or acquired through adaptive immune responses using memory cells and targeted antibodies after exposure to antigens.
Immune responses
The immune system has evolved to protect the host from a universe of pathogenic microbes that are themselves constantly evolving. The immune system also helps the host eliminate toxic or allergenic substances that enter our body. It is a host defence system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. The host uses both innate and adaptive mechanisms to detect and eliminate pathogenic foreign bodies. Both of these mechanisms include self-nonself discrimination.
The main parts of the immune system are:
• White Blood Cells
• Antibodies
• Complement System
• Lymphatic System
• Spleen
• Bone Marrow
• Thymus.
Immunity of chicken
The document summarizes key aspects of immunity in chickens. It discusses innate and acquired immunity, the immune organs including the thymus and bursa of Fabricius, and the two main types of acquired immunity - antibody-mediated and cell-mediated responses. The antibody-mediated response involves B cells producing antibodies that target pathogens, while the cell-mediated response uses T cells to identify and destroy cells infected with pathogens. Together these immune responses provide chickens with protection against disease.
IMMUNITY AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
The document discusses immunity and the immune system. It defines immunity as the natural or acquired resistance of an individual to pathogens. The immune system is a complex system that distinguishes self from non-self and provides defense against infectious agents. Immunology is the study of the immune system and immune responses. The immune system includes innate immunity, which provides a natural defense, and acquired immunity, which develops from exposure to pathogens. Key components of the immune system are antigens, antibodies, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and lymphoid organs that help the immune system function.
Overview of the immune system.pptx
The humoral response involves B cells interacting with antigens and differentiating into antibody-secreting cells. The cell-mediated response involves various T lymphocyte subpopulations that can kill infected cells or secrete signals to direct other immune cells. Memory is a hallmark of adaptive immunity, allowing faster responses upon reexposure. Innate immunity provides initial defenses while adaptive immunity develops antigen-specific responses over days. Together they provide protective immunity, but can also cause issues if misdirected.
Similar to Bio 151 lec 1 overview (20)
Immunology (Innate and adaptive immune systems) (ANTIGENS (Ag))
Immunology (Innate and adaptive immune systems) (ANTIGENS (Ag))
Immunity and immune system: Defense mechanism of the body
Immunity and immune system: Defense mechanism of the body
Humoral and cell mediated immunity, Educational Platform.pptx
Humoral and cell mediated immunity, Educational Platform.pptx
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Bio 151 lec 1 overview
- 1. INTRODUCTION & OVERVIEW OF IMMUNOBIOLOGY BIOLOGY 151 LECTURE 1 Marilen M. Parungao- Balolong Associate Professor
- 2. IMMUNOLOGY/ IMMUNOBIOLOGY • Immunology = study of our protection from foreign macromolecules or invading organisms and our responses to them • INVADERS = viruses, bacteria, protozoa or even larger parasites • immune responses DEVELOPED against our own proteins (and other molecules) in autoimmunity and against our own aberrant cells in tumor immunity
- 3. OVERVIEW OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM • composed of two major subdivisions, the innate or non-specific immune system and the adaptive or specific immune system • each of the major subdivisions of the immune system has both cellular and humoral components by which they carry out their protective function • these two arms of the immune system have distinct functions, there is interplay between these systems (i.e., components of the innate immune system influence the adaptive immune system and vice versa)
- 4. FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE = innate or non-specific • barrier tissues such as the skin that stop the entry of organism into our bodies • IF these barrier layers are penetrated, the body contains cells that respond rapidly to the presence of the invader • EXAMPLE = macrophages and neutrophils that engulf foreign organisms and kill them without the need for antibodies • EXAMPLE = soluble molecules that deprive the invading organism of essential nutrients (such as iron) and from certain molecules that are found on the surfaces of epithelia, in secretions (such as tears and saliva) and in the blood stream
- 5. 2ND LINE OF DEFENSE = specific or adaptive • may take days to respond to a primary invasion (that is infection by an organism that has not hitherto been seen) • production of antibodies (soluble proteins that bind to foreign antigens) and cell- mediated responses in which specific cells recognize foreign pathogens and destroy them • EXAMPLE = response in recognition and destruction of virally-infected or tumorigenic cells • response to a second round of infection is often more rapid than to the primary infection because of the activation of memory B and T cells • signals may be proteins such as lymphokines, cytokines and chemokines which stimulate cells of the immune system
- 6. CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM • All cells of the immune system have their origin in the bone marrow which differentiate along distinct pathways (to discuss later) • The myeloid progenitor (stem) cell in the bone marrow gives rise to erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells whereas the lymphoid progenitor (stem) cell gives rise to the NK,T cells and B cells
- 7. • For T cell development the precursor T cells must migrate to the thymus where they undergo differentiation into two distinct types of T cells, the CD4+ T helper cell and the CD8+ pre-cytotoxic T cell • Two types of T helper cells are produced in the thymus the TH1 cells, which help the CD8+ pre-cytotoxic cells to differentiate into cytotoxic T cells, and TH2 cells, which help B cells, differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies
- 8. FUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM • The main function of the immune system is self/non-self discrimination • ability to distinguish between self and non-self is necessary to protect the organism from invading pathogens and to eliminate modified or altered cells (e.g. malignant cells)
- 9. FUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM • NOTE: when the virulence of the invading organism is great or when immunity is compromised = DISEASE • detrimental effects = inflammation, which is the response to an invading organism, there may be local discomfort and collateral damage to healthy tissue as a result of the toxic products produced by the immune response • the immune response can be directed toward self tissues resulting in autoimmune disease
- 10. International Journal of Infectious Diseases Volume 3, Issue 1, July-September 1998, Pages 54-60
- 17. ▪ 2001 – Discovery of FOXP3 – the gene directing regulatory T cell development ▪ 2005 – Development of human papillomavirus vaccine (Ian Frazer)
- 19. NEXT MEETING: INNATE & ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY