Basic Principle of signal display.pptx
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The document summarizes the basic principles of signal display on an oscilloscope. It explains that the oscilloscope uses a sawtooth waveform applied to the horizontal deflection plates to convert the horizontal deflection into a time axis, while the voltage signal is applied to the vertical plates for vertical deflection proportional to the signal magnitude. This allows the signal to be displayed as a function of time on the oscilloscope screen. It further discusses how different ratios of sweep and signal frequencies affect the displayed waveform, and how synchronization of the sweep is important for the trace to appear stationary.
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The document describes the cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) and how it can be used as a measuring instrument. It discusses the CRO's construction, including the electron gun and deflection plate system. It explains how a CRO can be used to measure voltage, frequency, and phase by displaying signal waveforms and using calibrated controls. Key parts, controls, and connection points of the CRO are also outlined.
Unit 1 cro ppt
The cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO) displays waveforms by plotting voltage over time. It consists of a cathode-ray tube (CRT) and various circuits. The CRT uses an electron gun to generate a focused electron beam that is deflected by electric fields to scan a fluorescent screen, creating the visual display. The vertical amplifier inputs the signal to be analyzed and the delay line synchronizes it with the timebase. The timebase generator produces a sawtooth voltage for the horizontal deflection of the beam across the screen. Triggering circuits synchronize the timebase to capture the desired part of the waveform. CROs can be analog for direct manual measurement or digital/storage for digital readout and retaining traces.
Similar to Basic Principle of signal display.pptx (20)
Study of CRO and measusre the voltage and frequency
Study of CRO and measusre the voltage and frequency
CRO-SARAVANA SELVI.pdf which is visualise the electrical signal into waveform
CRO-SARAVANA SELVI.pdf which is visualise the electrical signal into waveform
CRO is the instrument that which visualise tha electrical signal into waveform
CRO is the instrument that which visualise tha electrical signal into waveform
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Transducers should have the following key characteristics:
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2. Ruggedness to withstand overloads and include overload protection.
3. Linearity where the output is proportional to the input quantity.
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- 2. Basic Principle of Signal display • In many applications, it is required to display the voltage as a function of time. • By applying such a voltage to the Y input, the vertical deflection of the electron beam will be proportional to the magnitude of this voltage. • It is then necessary to convert the horizontal deflection into a time axis. • A special unit inside the oscilloscope, called the sweep generator or time base generator, provides a periodic voltage waveform that varies linearly with time, as shown in the Fig. • Since this waveform resembles the teeth of hacksaw, it is also called sawtooth waveform.
- 3. Basic Principle of Signal display
- 4. Basic Principle of Signal display • Assume that no voltage is applied to vertical deflecting plates, but only this sawtooth voltage V, is applied to the horizontal deflecting plates. • During the trace time T, the voltage V, is linearly increasing with time, and hence the electron beam will move linearly in the horizontal direction. • At the end of trace period T, the beam reaches extreme right hand position in the horizontal direction. • At this, instant, the voltage suddenly drops to zero in a short interval of time, known as flyback period. • Hence the beam jumps back to the original positions at the extreme left hand side. • Then again it starts moving to the right during the next cycle of sawtooth waveform. The fly back of the beam is blanked out by a suitable voltage and is not visible on the screen.
- 5. Basic Principle of Signal display • Thus for a selected trace time T, the spot moves horizontally across the face of the screen along the x-axis from left to right, with a constant speed, restarts again from the left, and repeats such traces. • Depending on the speed of the bright spot and the persistence of vision, the trace produced by the spot will look like a horizontal straight line. Thus the horizontal axis is now converted into a time axis.
- 6. Basic Principle of Signal display • When a periodically varying voltage say sinusoidal voltage is applied to the y terminal of the scope and internally generated sawtooth voltage is applied to the horizontal deflection plates, then sawtooth voltage keeps on shifting the spot horizontally while the applied voltage shifts the spot vertically proportional to its magnitude. • Hence finally due to the effect of both the voltage, a familiar sinusoidal waveform can be observed on the screen.
- 7. Basic Principle of Signal display • When the sweep and signal frequencies are equal, a single cycle appears on the screen. • When the sweep is lower than the signal, several cycles appear on the screen. • In such case, the number of cycles depends on the ratio of the two frequencies. • When the sweep is higher than the signal, less than one cycle appears on the screen.
- 8. Basic Principle of Signal display • The display of spot on the screen appears stationary only when the two frequencies i.e. sweep and signal are same or are integral multiples of each other. • For any other frequencies the trace on the screen keeps on drifting horizontally. • Thus for the trace to appear stationary, the sawtooth voltage is synchronized with signal applied to the vertical input. • For the vertical input signal, the triggering pulses are derived for the synchronization. • There are two important requirements of a sweep generator, The sweep must be linear in nature, for all screen horizontal deflection. • To move the spot in one direction only, the sweep voltage must drop to zero suddenly, after reaching its maximum value. • Otherwise the return sweep will trace the signal backwards.
- 9. THANK YOU