The document outlines the basic concepts of electrical charge, current, voltage, power, and circuit elements. It defines crucial terms such as coulomb for charge, ampere for current, volt for voltage, and watts for power, alongside characteristics of active and passive elements in circuits. Key components like resistance, inductance, and capacitance are also discussed, detailing their properties and units of measurement.

1. BASIC OF CIRCUIT

2. Charge
■ Charge is an electrical property of the atomic
particles which matter consists.
■ The unit of charge is the coulomb (C).
■ The symbol for the charge is Q (or) q.
𝟏𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒐𝒎𝒃 =
𝟏
𝟏. 𝟔𝟎𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗
= 𝟔. 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟖 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒔
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3. Types of charge
1. Positive charge
2. Negative charge
■ A single electron has a charge of -1.602x10-19 c.
■ A single proton has a charge of +1.602x10-19 c.
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4. Current
■ The flow of free electrons in a conductor is called
electric current.
■ The electric current is defined as the time rate of
charge.
■ The unit of current is the ampere (A).
■ The symbol for the current is I (or) i.
1ampere=1coulomb/second
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5. Voltage
■ The potential difference between two points in an
electric circuit called voltage.
■ The unit of voltage is volt.
■ Voltage is represented by V (or) v.
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6. Power
■ The rate at which work done by electrical energy
(or) energy supplied per unit time is called the
power.
■ Power is the rate at which energy is expanded or
the absorbing.
■ The power denoted by either P or p.
■ It is measured in watts (W). P = V x I
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7. Network
Interconnection of two or more
simple circuit elements is
called an electric network.
Circuit
A network contains at least
one closed path, it is called
electrical circuit.
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8. Active Elements
The sources of energy are called active element.
They may be voltage source or current source.
Example:
Generators, Transistors, etc.
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9. Passive Elements
These elements stores (in the form of
electrostatic, electromagnetic energy) or
dissipates energy (in the form of heat).
Example:
Resistance (R), Inductor (L), Capacitor (C).
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10. Resistance
■ It is the property of a substance which opposes the
flow of current through it.
■ The resistance of element is denoted by the symbol
“R”.
■ It is measured in Ohms Ω .
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11. Inductor
■ It is the property of a substance which stores
energy in the form of electromagnetic field.
■ The inductance of element is denoted by the
symbol “L”.
■ It is measured in Henry Η .
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12. Capacitor
■ It is the property of a substance which stores
energy in the form of electrostatic field.
■ The capacitance of element is denoted by the
symbol “C”
■ It is measured in Farads Ϝ .
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13. THANK YOU
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