Fungi are eukaryotic, spore bearing, achlorophyllous, heterotrophic organisms that generally reproduce sexually and asexually and whose filamentous, branched somatic structures are typically surrounded by cell walls containing chitin or cellulose or both with many organic molecules and exhibiting absorptive nutrition.Fungi frequently reproduce by the formation of spores. A spore is a survival or dispersal unit, consisting of one or a few cells, that is capable of germinating to produce a new hypha. Unlike plant seeds, fungal spores lack an embryo, but contain food reserves needed for germination. Many fungi produce more than one type of spore as part of their life cycles. Fungal spores may be formed via an asexual process involving only mitosis (mitospores), or via a sexual process involving meiosis (meiospores). Sexual and asexual reproduction may require different sets of conditions (e. g., nutrients, temperature, light, moisture).
Fungi are eukaryotic, spore bearing, achlorophyllous, heterotrophic organisms that generally reproduce sexually and asexually and whose filamentous, branched somatic structures are typically surrounded by cell walls containing chitin or cellulose or both with many organic molecules and exhibiting absorptive nutrition.Fungi frequently reproduce by the formation of spores. A spore is a survival or dispersal unit, consisting of one or a few cells, that is capable of germinating to produce a new hypha. Unlike plant seeds, fungal spores lack an embryo, but contain food reserves needed for germination. Many fungi produce more than one type of spore as part of their life cycles. Fungal spores may be formed via an asexual process involving only mitosis (mitospores), or via a sexual process involving meiosis (meiospores). Sexual and asexual reproduction may require different sets of conditions (e. g., nutrients, temperature, light, moisture).
Introduction to Plant Reproduction, Modes of Reproduction, Significance of Reproduction, Asexual Reproduction, Sexual Reproduction, Contributions of Scientists.
I made this slideshow for my honors 7th grade Life Science class. It's a work in progress. It's heavy on angiosperms, but needs more information about gymnosperms and seedless plants. 7th grade, anther, biology, cones, egg, fertilization, gymnosperm, life science, ovules, pistil, plant reproduction - angiosperms, pollen dispersal, pollen grain, pollen tube, pollination, science, stamen, stigma, style
This power point is prepared to made easy to understand the method of asexual reproduction in plants for students.It covers both Natural and Artificial Methods of Asexual Reproduction in plants.
This is a quick review which may save your time...
Enjoy... :)
12th Bio botany, Lesson 1
bio botany ,botany ,12th ,12th biobotany ppt ,12th botany ppt ,tn text book ,study materials ,12th study materials,Chapter 1 reproduction in plants
Introduction to Plant Reproduction, Modes of Reproduction, Significance of Reproduction, Asexual Reproduction, Sexual Reproduction, Contributions of Scientists.
I made this slideshow for my honors 7th grade Life Science class. It's a work in progress. It's heavy on angiosperms, but needs more information about gymnosperms and seedless plants. 7th grade, anther, biology, cones, egg, fertilization, gymnosperm, life science, ovules, pistil, plant reproduction - angiosperms, pollen dispersal, pollen grain, pollen tube, pollination, science, stamen, stigma, style
This power point is prepared to made easy to understand the method of asexual reproduction in plants for students.It covers both Natural and Artificial Methods of Asexual Reproduction in plants.
This is a quick review which may save your time...
Enjoy... :)
12th Bio botany, Lesson 1
bio botany ,botany ,12th ,12th biobotany ppt ,12th botany ppt ,tn text book ,study materials ,12th study materials,Chapter 1 reproduction in plants
Kingdom Plantae presented by Vrushali Gharat to Mr. Kailash vilegaveKailash Vilegave
Classification Of Kingdom Plantae, Classification Of Kingdom Plantae, Economic importance Algae.
Ulothrix
Reproduction
Mosses and Liverwort
life cycle of all plants.
Which is a common trait among all land plantsVascular tissues tra.pdfneetuarya13
Which is a common trait among all land plants?
Vascular tissues transport water and nutrients, and provide support
Seeds facilitate survival and dispersal of the species
Flowers facilitate cross-pollination
The embryo is protected within maternal tissues
The haploid phase of the life cycle is the dominant phase
Flowers facilitate cross-pollination
The embryo is protected within maternal tissues
The haploid phase of the life cycle is the dominant phase
Solution
First we see common traits of land plants and then see listed traits in details one by one:
1. Ability to withstand desiccation. Extant land plants have a cuticle and guard cells.
2. Ability to withstand the effects of more intense radiation, particularly DNA-damaging
radiation. Extant land plants have several compounds in their vacuoles that absorb UV. Since the
vacuole of a plant occupies most of a mature cell, this helps protect the DNA in other organelles.
3. Ability to protect their spores from desiccation. Early land plants have spores that are encased
in a sporopollenin wall. Sporopollenin is a very resistant polymer, resistant to UV and almost
everything including desiccation, squashing, etc. To remove sporopollenin from spores, one boils
them in a mixture of acetic and hydrochloric acid.
4. Ability to move solutions from the ground to portions of the plant that are not in contact with
the ground, and from the photosynthetic portions of the plant to non-photosynthetic portions.
Some land plants do this better than others.
5. Ability to support themselves. Aquatic plants float; terrestrial plants cannot do so. Most
terrestrial plants have lignin in some of their conducting cells. There is some debate as to
whether this was selected for by the advantages of growing tall or the need to protect against
embolism in the conducting cells. Since both are important, it seems most realistic to accept that
both contributed to the success of plants with the ability to manufacture lignin, the tracheophytes
or vascular plants.
6. Ability to acquire the carbon dioxide required for photosynthesis from the atmosphere. This
ability is associated with stomatal cells, specialized cells that surround openings (stomates) in the
outer cell layer of land plants.
Now we see Options given one by one:
Vascular tissues transport water and nutrients, and provide support
Transport of Water and Minerals:
The xylem tissue transports water and minerals. It consists of interconnected vessels and
tracheids organized into continuous conducting tubes stretching from the roots to the leaves.
These tubes carry water and minerals to all parts of the plant.
Plants absorb water from the soil through the root and transport it to the stem, leaves and
flowers. Roots have root hairs that are unicellular, thin-walled outgrowths of the epiblema (skin
of the root).
The root hairs are in close contact with the thin film of water surrounding the soil particles.
There are mineral salts such as nitrates, chlorides, sulphates, phos.
Microbiology - Algae
Algae is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades.
Algae are sometimes considered plants and sometimes considered "protists" (a grab-bag category of generally distantly related organisms that are grouped on the basis of not being animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, or archaeans).
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
THINK ABOUT IT
We generally think of plants as growing from seeds, but there are plenty of plants
that don’t produce seeds at all. How do they manage to reproduce and grow
without them?
4. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Green Algae
What are the characteristics of green algae?
Green algae are mostly aquatic. They are found in fresh and salt water, and in
some moist areas on land.
5. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Green Algae
Algae are not a single group of organisms. “Algae” applies to any photosynthetic
eukaryote other than a land plant.
“Green algae” are classified with plants.
6. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
The First Plants
Green algae are mostly aquatic. They are found in fresh and salt water, and
in some moist areas on land.
Ancient green algae shared the ocean floor with corals and sponges..
7. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
The First Plants
Green algae absorb moisture and nutrients directly from their surroundings
and do not contain the specialized tissues found in other plants.
8. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Life Cycle
Many green algae switch back and forth between haploid and diploid phases.
However, some may not alternate with each and every generation.
In the life cycle of Chlamydomonas, as long as living conditions are suitable,
the haploid cell reproduces asexually by mitosis.
9. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Life Cycle
If conditions become unfavorable, Chlamydomonas can switch to a
stage that reproduces sexually.
Its cells release gametes that fuse into a diploid zygote (a sporophyte).
The zygote has a thick protective wall, permitting survival in harsh
conditions.
10. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Life Cycle
The zygote begins to grow once conditions become favorable.
It divides by meiosis to produce four haploid cells that swim away,
mature, and reproduce asexually.
12. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Multicellularity
Volvox colonies consist of as few as 500 to as many as 50,000 cells arranged to
form hollow spheres.
Volvox shows some cell specialization and straddles the fence between
colonial and multicellular life.
14. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Mosses and Other Bryophytes
What factor limits the size of bryophytes?
Bryophytes are small because they lack vascular tissue.
15. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Mosses and Other Bryophytes
Mosses have a waxy, protective
coating that makes it possible for
them to resist drying, and thin
filaments known as rhizoids that
anchor them to the soil. Rhizoids
also absorb water and minerals
from the soil.
16. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Mosses and Other Bryophytes
Mosses, hornworts, and liverworts all belong to a group of plants known
as bryophytes.
Bryophytes have specialized reproductive organs enclosed by other, nonreproductive cells.
Bryophytes show a higher degree of cell specialization than do the green
algae and were among the first plants to become established on land.
17. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Why Bryophytes Are Small
Bryophytes do not make lignin, a substance that hardens cell walls, and
do not contain true vascular tissue. Because of this, bryophytes cannot
support a tall plant body against the pull of gravity.
18. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Life Cycle
Bryophytes display alternation of
generations.
The gametophyte is the dominant,
recognizable stage of the life cycle
and the stage that carries out most
of the photosynthesis.
The sporophyte is dependent on the
gametophyte for its supply of water
and nutrients.
19. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Life Cycle
Bryophytes produce sperm cells that swim using flagella.
For fertilization to occur, the sperm must swim to an egg. Because of this,
bryophytes must live in habitats where open water is available at least
part of the year.
20. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Gametophyte
When a moss spore lands in a moist place, it sprouts and grows into a
young gametophyte.
The gametophyte forms rhizoids that grow into the ground and shoots
that grow into the air.
28. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Vascular Plants
How is vascular tissue important?
Vascular tissue—xylem and phloem—make it possible for vascular plants
to move fluids through their bodies against the force of gravity.
29. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Vascular Plants
About 420 million years ago, plants for the first time were able to grow
high above the ground.
Fossil evidence shows these plants were the first to have a transport
system with true vascular tissue. Vascular tissue carries water and
nutrients much more efficiently than does any tissue found in bryophytes.
30. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Evolution of a Transport System
Vascular plants are known as tracheophytes, after a specialized type of
water-conducting cell they contain. These cells, called tracheids, are
hollow tubelike cells with thick cell walls strengthened by lignin.
Tracheids are found in xylem, a tissue that carries water upward from the
roots to every part of a plant.
31. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Evolution of a Transport System
Tracheids are connected end to end like a series of tin cans, as shown in the
figure. Openings between tracheids, known as pits, allow water to move
through a plant more efficiently than by diffusion alone.
32. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Evolution of a Transport System
Vascular plants also have a second transport tissue called phloem that
transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced by
photosynthesis.
33. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Seedless Vascular Plants
Among the seedless vascular plants alive today are three phyla commonly
known as club mosses, horsetails, and ferns. The most numerous of these
are the ferns.
34. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Seedless Vascular Plants
Ferns have true vascular tissues, strong roots, creeping or underground
stems called rhizomes, and large leaves called fronds, shown in the figure.
Ferns can thrive in areas with little light and are most abundant in wet
habitats.
35. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Life Cycle
In the life cycle of a fern, spores
produced by the sporophyte grow into
thin, heart-shaped haploid
gametophytes. The gametophytes grow
independently of the sporophyte.
36. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Life Cycle
Sperm and eggs are produced on the
gametophytes in antheridia and
archegonia.
Fertilization requires at least a thin film
of water, so that the sperm can swim to
the eggs.
37. Lesson Overview
Seedless Plants
Life Cycle
The diploid zygote produced by
fertilization develops into a new
sporophyte plant. This is the dominant
stage of the fern life cycle.
Haploid spores develop on the
undersides of the fronds in sporangia,
and the cycle begins again