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This document discusses the production and properties of biodiesel from non-edible plant oils. It begins by introducing biodiesel as an alternative fuel and its environmental benefits compared to fossil fuels. It then discusses using non-edible oils instead of edible oils to produce biodiesel in order to avoid competition with food resources. The document evaluates various non-edible plant oils for biodiesel production and finds that Euphorbia lathyris oil has superior properties to other candidates tested. It concludes that E. lathyris is a promising biodiesel feedstock.
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Production of biodiesel from vegetable oils
Biodiesel is produced by transesterification of
triglycérides present in animal fat or vegetable oils, by
displacing glycerine with a low molar mass atcobol. This
resulting ester mixture has physico-chemical properties
similar to those of petroleum diesel.
This paper reviews the synthetic paths that lead to
biodiesel by means of the catalytic transesterification of
vegetable oils. Although methyl esters are at present the only
ones produced at industrial scale, the use of ethanol, which
can also be obtained from renewable resources, has been
considered, since it would generate a cleaner and more
biocompatible fuel.
biodiesel project report presentation
The document presents a project report on biodiesel. It begins by acknowledging contributors to the project. It then lists the objectives of studying biodiesel as an alternative fuel and its comparative properties with petrodiesel. Several production techniques for biodiesel are described, including transesterification, the most common method. Test results from a case study of a biodiesel company show properties and production process. Comparative results from engine tests burning biodiesel-diesel blends show impacts on performance and emissions. The presentation evaluates biodiesel's potential as a sustainable fuel for India.
Biodiesel Production 2007-2008
The document discusses biodiesel production technologies. It begins by defining biodiesel as the monoalkyl esters produced from vegetable or animal fats and oils via a chemical process. It then discusses various feedstocks used, including plant and animal oils and fats. It provides details on the traditional and laboratory scale production processes, which involve esterification and transesterification reactions using chemical catalysts or biocatalysts like lipase. The document concludes by listing standards and providing examples of biodiesel yields from different oil feedstocks.
Presentación estefanyrosalesinglestécnico
The document discusses optimization of biodiesel production from sunflower oil using response surface methodology. Key points:
- Biodiesel was produced from sunflower oil through a transesterification process using methanol and a KOH catalyst.
- Experiments were conducted to determine the optimum conditions for transesterification, including temperature, molar ratio of alcohol to oil, and catalyst concentration.
- The results showed that biodiesel produced under optimum conditions met ASTM standards and had environmental benefits over petroleum diesel, though some petroleum diesel properties were better.
A0530104
This document discusses biodiesel as an alternative fuel to diesel. It summarizes that biodiesel is produced through a chemical process called transesterification where vegetable oils or animal fats are combined with alcohol to form alkyl esters. Common feedstocks used for biodiesel production include soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and waste cooking oils. The document examines the transesterification reaction process and variables that impact biodiesel quality such as catalyst type and concentration. It finds that biodiesel produces fewer emissions than diesel fuel but higher NOx emissions.
A REVIEW OF COTTON SEED AS BIODIESEL
This document reviews cotton seed oil as a source for biodiesel. It defines biodiesel and describes the transesterification process used to produce biodiesel from cotton seed oil. The experimental setup is shown and results presented on the optimization of variables like catalyst amount, temperature, and time on biodiesel production. Performance tests on the biodiesel show reductions in emissions but higher NOx compared to diesel. Advantages of biodiesel include reduced dependency on imports and lower emissions.
Biodiesel production process
This document reviews biodiesel production methods using chemical and biological catalysts. Biodiesel can be produced via transesterification, where triglycerides from oils react with alcohol to form esters and glycerol. This reaction is catalyzed by acids, bases, or enzymes. Key process variables that affect conversion rates include the type of catalyst, substrate, temperature, solvent, molar ratios, and glycerol byproduct removal. While base catalysis is most common, acid and enzyme methods allow processing of low-quality feedstocks. Alternative acyl acceptors like methyl acetate and dimethyl carbonate also show promise. Overall, optimizing catalysts, substrates, and process conditions can improve biodiesel
Biodiesel production from oleaginous microorganisms
Microorganisms such as microalgae, fungi and bacteria have the potential to be used for biodiesel production as they can accumulate high amounts of lipids. Oleaginous microorganisms accumulate over 20% of their dry weight as lipids. While microalgae and some fungi have been shown to accumulate over 60% lipids, genetic engineering and screening methods aim to further improve lipid yields. The biodiesel produced from microbial lipids has properties that meet biodiesel standards but the high costs of production need to be reduced for microbial biodiesel to compete with conventional fuels.
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Production of biodiesel from vegetable oils
Biodiesel is produced by transesterification of
triglycérides present in animal fat or vegetable oils, by
displacing glycerine with a low molar mass atcobol. This
resulting ester mixture has physico-chemical properties
similar to those of petroleum diesel.
This paper reviews the synthetic paths that lead to
biodiesel by means of the catalytic transesterification of
vegetable oils. Although methyl esters are at present the only
ones produced at industrial scale, the use of ethanol, which
can also be obtained from renewable resources, has been
considered, since it would generate a cleaner and more
biocompatible fuel.
biodiesel project report presentation
The document presents a project report on biodiesel. It begins by acknowledging contributors to the project. It then lists the objectives of studying biodiesel as an alternative fuel and its comparative properties with petrodiesel. Several production techniques for biodiesel are described, including transesterification, the most common method. Test results from a case study of a biodiesel company show properties and production process. Comparative results from engine tests burning biodiesel-diesel blends show impacts on performance and emissions. The presentation evaluates biodiesel's potential as a sustainable fuel for India.
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The document discusses biodiesel production technologies. It begins by defining biodiesel as the monoalkyl esters produced from vegetable or animal fats and oils via a chemical process. It then discusses various feedstocks used, including plant and animal oils and fats. It provides details on the traditional and laboratory scale production processes, which involve esterification and transesterification reactions using chemical catalysts or biocatalysts like lipase. The document concludes by listing standards and providing examples of biodiesel yields from different oil feedstocks.
Presentación estefanyrosalesinglestécnico
The document discusses optimization of biodiesel production from sunflower oil using response surface methodology. Key points:
- Biodiesel was produced from sunflower oil through a transesterification process using methanol and a KOH catalyst.
- Experiments were conducted to determine the optimum conditions for transesterification, including temperature, molar ratio of alcohol to oil, and catalyst concentration.
- The results showed that biodiesel produced under optimum conditions met ASTM standards and had environmental benefits over petroleum diesel, though some petroleum diesel properties were better.
A0530104
This document discusses biodiesel as an alternative fuel to diesel. It summarizes that biodiesel is produced through a chemical process called transesterification where vegetable oils or animal fats are combined with alcohol to form alkyl esters. Common feedstocks used for biodiesel production include soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and waste cooking oils. The document examines the transesterification reaction process and variables that impact biodiesel quality such as catalyst type and concentration. It finds that biodiesel produces fewer emissions than diesel fuel but higher NOx emissions.
A REVIEW OF COTTON SEED AS BIODIESEL
This document reviews cotton seed oil as a source for biodiesel. It defines biodiesel and describes the transesterification process used to produce biodiesel from cotton seed oil. The experimental setup is shown and results presented on the optimization of variables like catalyst amount, temperature, and time on biodiesel production. Performance tests on the biodiesel show reductions in emissions but higher NOx compared to diesel. Advantages of biodiesel include reduced dependency on imports and lower emissions.
Biodiesel production process
This document reviews biodiesel production methods using chemical and biological catalysts. Biodiesel can be produced via transesterification, where triglycerides from oils react with alcohol to form esters and glycerol. This reaction is catalyzed by acids, bases, or enzymes. Key process variables that affect conversion rates include the type of catalyst, substrate, temperature, solvent, molar ratios, and glycerol byproduct removal. While base catalysis is most common, acid and enzyme methods allow processing of low-quality feedstocks. Alternative acyl acceptors like methyl acetate and dimethyl carbonate also show promise. Overall, optimizing catalysts, substrates, and process conditions can improve biodiesel
Biodiesel production from oleaginous microorganisms
Microorganisms such as microalgae, fungi and bacteria have the potential to be used for biodiesel production as they can accumulate high amounts of lipids. Oleaginous microorganisms accumulate over 20% of their dry weight as lipids. While microalgae and some fungi have been shown to accumulate over 60% lipids, genetic engineering and screening methods aim to further improve lipid yields. The biodiesel produced from microbial lipids has properties that meet biodiesel standards but the high costs of production need to be reduced for microbial biodiesel to compete with conventional fuels.
Castor biodiesel
The document presents a project on producing biodiesel from castor oil and testing its performance in a single cylinder diesel engine. It discusses castor oil properties, biodiesel production process including transesterification reaction, literature review on biodiesel research, objectives to produce biodiesel from castor oil and measure engine performance, and conclusions from test results showing biodiesel blends up to 20% can be used without modifications.
Biotechnology in lipid processing
This document discusses the application of biotechnology in lipid processing and value-added products from fats and lipids. It describes how various biocatalysts like lipases can be used to modify lipids and transform oils and fats through processes like interesterification. It also discusses how glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel production, can be converted to valuable intermediates. Supercritical fluid technology using carbon dioxide is also highlighted as an environmentally friendly method for lipid extraction.
Metabolic engineering for oil quality improvement
The most important oilseed crops are Oil palm, Soybeans, Rapeseed and Sunflower,which together account for ≈ 79% of the total production of oils.Oils that are low in palmitic acid and rich in either oleic acid or stearic acid are novel oils. Selective breeding utilizing natural variants or induced mutations has been used to develop a range of improved oils. The vegetable oil is used for different applications as renewable sources of food used for frying, baking, processed foods,Fuel (Biodiesel),medicine and can be used as industrial raw material for preparation of soaps, detergents, paints, lubricants etc.
The recommended ratio of omega6/omega3 fatty acids in the human diet is approximately 2:1 to 6:1 (Simopoulos., 2000; Wijendran and Hayes., 2004) and the much higher ratio of omega 6 fatty acids in the typical Western diet (approximately 20:1) is thought to be a major contributor to cardiovascular disease (Simopoulos., 2000).
For metabolic engineering of oil quality improvement fatty acid composition and enzymes involved are very important so we can reduce expression of endogenous enzymes by adding new enzyme ,overexpressing existing enzyme and by using antisense RNA. It proved that genes for membrane-bound fatty acid-modifying enzymes not only from plants but also from bacterial,animal,yeast have been shown to function in transgenic plants.The enzymes such as Fatty acid synthase ,Thioesterases ,Elongases ,Desaturases ,Stearoyl-ACP desaturase ,Δ12-desaturase, , Δ15-Desaturase ,Acyltransferases and Hydroxylases are important in fatty acid manipulation.Suppression of the oleate D12-desaturase gene (which normally converts 18:1 to 18:2) in soybean, sunflower, cotton and canola has resulted in the production of oils with a high oleic acid content, which have greater oxidative stability and improved performance in high-temperature cooking applications. (Metzger and Bornscheuer., 2006).
Lipase-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production From Waste Activated Bleaching Earth as...
The document describes a pilot plant study of lipase-catalyzed biodiesel production from waste activated bleaching earth (ABE). Waste ABE containing vegetable oils was used as a raw material with lipase and methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), which can be used as biodiesel fuel. In a 50-liter pilot plant reactor, the process achieved 97% FAME yield within 12 hours using 1% lipase at 25°C and an agitation rate of 30 rpm. Analysis showed the biodiesel quality of a 45:55 mixture of FAME and diesel oil met European fuel standards. Emissions testing found reduced carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide from burning the biod
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This document outlines an experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with mahua oil methyl ester (biodiesel) and an additive. The objectives were to produce biodiesel from mahua oil via transesterification, characterize fuel properties, prepare test fuels as biodiesel blends, and test the blends in a diesel engine. Various engine performance and emission parameters were estimated using the blends and compared to diesel. The results showed that with increasing additive percentage in the biodiesel, engine performance improved with lower emissions. The conclusion was that mahua biodiesel with an additive can be a suitable alternative fuel for diesel engines.
Optimization of biodiesel production
This document discusses optimization of biodiesel production through transesterification. Biodiesel is defined as mono-alkyl esters derived from vegetable oils and animal fats that are non-toxic and biodegradable. Transesterification is commonly used to reduce the viscosity of vegetable oils for use in diesel engines. The document outlines experiments conducted using sunflower oil, methanol, and potassium hydroxide in a reactor. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the transesterification reaction conditions. The results showed temperature, methanol to oil ratio, and catalyst concentration most significantly affected biodiesel yield. Biodiesel produced was of good quality and could serve as an alternative to petro-diesel.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
1. The document analyzes the characteristics of oils from seven plant species for use in biodiesel production. It examines properties like free fatty acid content, iodine value, saponification value, cetane number, energy value and density.
2. Through transesterification reactions, fatty acid methyl esters were produced from the oils, with yields over 84% for some plant species.
3. The results validate that the oils from all seven plant species - Ricinus communis, Cocos nucifera, Brassica juncea, Arecaceae elaels, Helianthus annus, Madhuca longifolia and Pongamia pinnata - can
Bio fuel production by mixed of used cooking oil and used engine oil project ppt
The document presents a research proposal for producing biodiesel from a mixture of used engine oil and used cooking oil. The proposal outlines the following:
1) The objectives are to identify suitable feedstocks, produce biodiesel through various processes like transesterification, and test the properties of the produced biodiesel.
2) The methodology involves selecting raw materials and chemicals, manufacturing biodiesel through processes like transesterification, and testing the biodiesel properties.
3) A work plan is presented spanning 29 weeks to complete tasks like literature review, material procurement, biodiesel production, engine testing, and reporting. The expected outcomes are production of biodiesel that can replace diesel fuel
Biodiesel production
The document discusses biodiesel production methods. There are three routes: base catalyzed transesterification using alcohol which is the most common and economic method; direct acid catalyzed esterification; and converting the oil to fatty acids then alkyl esters with acid catalysis. The base catalyzed process reacts a fat or oil with an alcohol like methanol using a catalyst like sodium or potassium hydroxide to produce biodiesel and glycerine in a low temperature and pressure process with high conversion rates.
Optimization of biodiesel
This document discusses the optimization of biodiesel production from sunflower oil using response surface methodology. Sunflower oil, methanol, and potassium hydroxide were used to produce methyl esters through a transesterification reaction. The effects of temperature, molar ratio of alcohol to oil, and catalyst concentration on biodiesel production were evaluated. A second-order polynomial model was fitted to the experimental data and showed that biodiesel production has a negative quadratic relationship with the parameters tested. The high regression coefficients indicated the model was a good fit for optimizing biodiesel production from sunflower oil.
Genetic engineering for fatty acid biosynthesis
This document discusses genetic engineering to modify fatty acid biosynthesis in plants. It provides background on lipid structure and different types of fatty acids like saturated, unsaturated, and essential fatty acids. The document then discusses strategies for engineering plants to produce very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) like EPA and DHA through the expression of genes encoding fatty acid desaturases and elongases. Optimizing these pathways in transgenic plants could provide sustainable sources of omega-3 fatty acids as alternatives to fish oils.
IRJET-,Study on Modification Processes of Vegetable Oils and Detrimental Effe...
This document discusses the modification of vegetable oils through processes like malenization. It begins by noting the increased importance of modifying vegetable oils to replace petroleum products that are limited and cause environmental pollution. The malenization process reacts maleic anhydride with the double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids of vegetable oils to produce maleinized oils. Maleinized oils have properties making them suitable for use in industrial applications to replace some petroleum-derived products. The document evaluates the environmental impacts and health hazards of petroleum products to argue for replacing them with modified vegetable oils that are more sustainable.
publish paper in a multi-disciplinary journal
This document reviews Moringa oleifera seed oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. It discusses how Moringa oleifera seed oil can be extracted using solvent extraction methods like Soxhlet extraction. It also outlines the process for producing biodiesel from Moringa oleifera seed oil through transesterification, which involves reacting the seed oil with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to produce fatty acid alkyl esters. The results indicate that biodiesel produced from Moringa oleifera seed oil, called Moringa oleifera methyl ester biodiesel, has fuel properties within ASTM standards and comparable to other biodiesel fuels. However, NOx emissions are marginally
Fatty acid
This document discusses metabolic engineering of fatty acid biosynthesis in plants. It begins by providing context on the diversity of fatty acids found in plants and their importance for both food and industrial uses. The goals of engineering plant oils are then outlined, including increasing healthy fatty acids and stability while expanding the repertoire of available fatty acids. The document reviews progress made in modifying common fatty acids in major oilseed crops, as well as challenges that remain in producing unusual fatty acid structures at commercial scales.
Biodiesel Production Technology & Feedstocks For India
1) Biodiesel can be produced from a variety of vegetable oils or animal fats through a chemical process called transesterification.
2) For high free fatty acid feedstocks, acid catalysis is used first to convert free fatty acids to esters, followed by base catalysis to transesterify triglycerides.
3) Jatropha is a suitable biodiesel crop for India as it grows in varied climates with minimal inputs and its press cake can be used as organic fertilizer. Large-scale cultivation of Jatropha is being demonstrated across India.
Do34701706
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Waste cooking thesis
This document provides an overview of biodiesel production methods and their impact on emissions. It discusses the advantages of heterogeneous catalysts over homogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. The document then reviews several studies on biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using transesterification with various catalysts and production methods. Key findings from these studies include higher biodiesel yields from transesterification at 60°C and reductions in emissions like CO and smoke when using biodiesel blends compared to diesel fuel. The document concludes by stating that biodiesel production from waste oils helps address issues of decreasing oil reserves, environmental pollution, and high fuel prices.
presentacion
Biodiesel is produced through a process called transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats. Researchers are studying biodiesel as a renewable and cleaner alternative fuel to petroleum diesel. The document discusses optimization of biodiesel production through variables like temperature, catalyst concentration, and alcohol-to-oil ratio. At optimal conditions, high biodiesel yields of over 98% can be achieved with fuel properties similar to petroleum diesel and potential for use without engine modifications.
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Production of Biodiesel using waste temple oil from Shani Shingnapur temple (...
In India, due to various mythological and religious reasons hundreds of devotees pour oil over the idols in Hanuman or Maruti and Shani temples. The oil once poured cannot be reutilized and was ultimately wasted. These waste temple oil from Shani Shingnapurwas used to produce biodiesel. Immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to catalyze transesterification of waste temple oil. The cells of P.aeruginosa were immobilized within the sodium alginate. Biodiesel production and its applications were gaining popularity in recent years due to decreased petroleum based reserves. Biodiesel cost formed from waste temple oil was higher than that of fossil fuel, because of high raw material cost.To decrease the cost of biofuel, waste temple oil was used as alternative as feedstock. It has lower emission of pollutants; it is biodegradable and enhances engine lubricity. Waste temple oil contains triglycerides that were used for biodiesel production by chemical and biological method.Transesterification reaction of oil produces methyl esters that are substitutes for fatty acid alkyl biodiesel fuel. Characteristics of oil were studied such as specific gravity, viscosity, acid number, saponification number.Parameters such as temperature,oil: methanol ratio were studied and 88%, 96% of biodiesel yield was obtained with effect of temperature and oil: methanol ratio on transesterification reaction. Withaddition ofNaOH or KOH to fatty acids which formed salt known as soap,which is excellent emulsifying and cleaning agents.
Engineering fatty acid biosynthesis
Triacylglycerols produced by plants are one of the most energy-rich and abundant forms of reduced carbon available from nature. Given their chemical similarities, plant oils represent a logical substitute for conventional diesel, a non-renewable energy source. However, as plant oils are too viscous for use in modern diesel engines, they are converted to fatty acid esters. Apart from seed oil vegetative tissue is potential source as bio mass for biofuel production, taking 15 tonnes per hectare as an average dry matter yield for a perennial grass, an oil content of 20– 25% by weight will produce about 3400 l of biodiesel (Heaton et al., 2004). There is growing interest in engineering green biomass to expand the production of plant oils as feed and biofuels. Here, we show that PHOSPHOLIPID: DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (PDAT1) is a critical enzyme involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis in leaves. Overexpression of PDAT1 increases leaf TAG accumulation, leading to oil droplet overexpansion through fusion. Ectopic expression of oleosin promotes the clustering of small oil droplets. Coexpression of PDAT1 with oleosin boosts leaf TAG content by up to 6.4% of the dry weight without affecting membrane lipid composition and plant growth. PDAT1 overexpression stimulates fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and increases fatty acid flux toward the prokaryotic glycerolipid pathway (Julian at al..2013). First, an Arabidopsis thaliana gene diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) coding for a key enzyme in triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis, was expressed in tobacco under the control of a strong ribulose-biphosphate carboxylase small subunit promoter. This modification led to up to a 20-fold increase in TAG accumulation in tobacco leaves and translated into an overall of about a twofold increase in extracted fatty acids (FA) up to 5.8% of dry biomass in Nicotiana tabacum cv Wisconsin, and up to 6% in high-sugar tobacco variety NC-55 ( Andrianovet al 2010). Therefore Biotechnology has important and perhaps critical part to play in large-scale development of Biodiesel.
F028028032
Waste frying oil can be converted into biodiesel through a two-step process of esterification and transesterification. In esterification, free fatty acids in waste oil are reacted with methanol to form methyl esters and water. Then in transesterification, triglycerides are reacted with methanol in the presence of a catalyst like potassium hydroxide to form biodiesel and glycerol. The study found maximum biodiesel yields of 98% when using a 1.5% KOH catalyst at 64°C reaction temperature. While the biodiesel met Indonesian standards for density and flash point, its viscosity was higher than conventional diesel fuel.
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The document presents a project on producing biodiesel from castor oil and testing its performance in a single cylinder diesel engine. It discusses castor oil properties, biodiesel production process including transesterification reaction, literature review on biodiesel research, objectives to produce biodiesel from castor oil and measure engine performance, and conclusions from test results showing biodiesel blends up to 20% can be used without modifications.
Biotechnology in lipid processing
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The most important oilseed crops are Oil palm, Soybeans, Rapeseed and Sunflower,which together account for ≈ 79% of the total production of oils.Oils that are low in palmitic acid and rich in either oleic acid or stearic acid are novel oils. Selective breeding utilizing natural variants or induced mutations has been used to develop a range of improved oils. The vegetable oil is used for different applications as renewable sources of food used for frying, baking, processed foods,Fuel (Biodiesel),medicine and can be used as industrial raw material for preparation of soaps, detergents, paints, lubricants etc.
The recommended ratio of omega6/omega3 fatty acids in the human diet is approximately 2:1 to 6:1 (Simopoulos., 2000; Wijendran and Hayes., 2004) and the much higher ratio of omega 6 fatty acids in the typical Western diet (approximately 20:1) is thought to be a major contributor to cardiovascular disease (Simopoulos., 2000).
For metabolic engineering of oil quality improvement fatty acid composition and enzymes involved are very important so we can reduce expression of endogenous enzymes by adding new enzyme ,overexpressing existing enzyme and by using antisense RNA. It proved that genes for membrane-bound fatty acid-modifying enzymes not only from plants but also from bacterial,animal,yeast have been shown to function in transgenic plants.The enzymes such as Fatty acid synthase ,Thioesterases ,Elongases ,Desaturases ,Stearoyl-ACP desaturase ,Δ12-desaturase, , Δ15-Desaturase ,Acyltransferases and Hydroxylases are important in fatty acid manipulation.Suppression of the oleate D12-desaturase gene (which normally converts 18:1 to 18:2) in soybean, sunflower, cotton and canola has resulted in the production of oils with a high oleic acid content, which have greater oxidative stability and improved performance in high-temperature cooking applications. (Metzger and Bornscheuer., 2006).
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The document describes a pilot plant study of lipase-catalyzed biodiesel production from waste activated bleaching earth (ABE). Waste ABE containing vegetable oils was used as a raw material with lipase and methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), which can be used as biodiesel fuel. In a 50-liter pilot plant reactor, the process achieved 97% FAME yield within 12 hours using 1% lipase at 25°C and an agitation rate of 30 rpm. Analysis showed the biodiesel quality of a 45:55 mixture of FAME and diesel oil met European fuel standards. Emissions testing found reduced carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide from burning the biod
275 pattanaik
This document outlines an experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with mahua oil methyl ester (biodiesel) and an additive. The objectives were to produce biodiesel from mahua oil via transesterification, characterize fuel properties, prepare test fuels as biodiesel blends, and test the blends in a diesel engine. Various engine performance and emission parameters were estimated using the blends and compared to diesel. The results showed that with increasing additive percentage in the biodiesel, engine performance improved with lower emissions. The conclusion was that mahua biodiesel with an additive can be a suitable alternative fuel for diesel engines.
Optimization of biodiesel production
This document discusses optimization of biodiesel production through transesterification. Biodiesel is defined as mono-alkyl esters derived from vegetable oils and animal fats that are non-toxic and biodegradable. Transesterification is commonly used to reduce the viscosity of vegetable oils for use in diesel engines. The document outlines experiments conducted using sunflower oil, methanol, and potassium hydroxide in a reactor. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the transesterification reaction conditions. The results showed temperature, methanol to oil ratio, and catalyst concentration most significantly affected biodiesel yield. Biodiesel produced was of good quality and could serve as an alternative to petro-diesel.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
1. The document analyzes the characteristics of oils from seven plant species for use in biodiesel production. It examines properties like free fatty acid content, iodine value, saponification value, cetane number, energy value and density.
2. Through transesterification reactions, fatty acid methyl esters were produced from the oils, with yields over 84% for some plant species.
3. The results validate that the oils from all seven plant species - Ricinus communis, Cocos nucifera, Brassica juncea, Arecaceae elaels, Helianthus annus, Madhuca longifolia and Pongamia pinnata - can
Bio fuel production by mixed of used cooking oil and used engine oil project ppt
The document presents a research proposal for producing biodiesel from a mixture of used engine oil and used cooking oil. The proposal outlines the following:
1) The objectives are to identify suitable feedstocks, produce biodiesel through various processes like transesterification, and test the properties of the produced biodiesel.
2) The methodology involves selecting raw materials and chemicals, manufacturing biodiesel through processes like transesterification, and testing the biodiesel properties.
3) A work plan is presented spanning 29 weeks to complete tasks like literature review, material procurement, biodiesel production, engine testing, and reporting. The expected outcomes are production of biodiesel that can replace diesel fuel
Biodiesel production
The document discusses biodiesel production methods. There are three routes: base catalyzed transesterification using alcohol which is the most common and economic method; direct acid catalyzed esterification; and converting the oil to fatty acids then alkyl esters with acid catalysis. The base catalyzed process reacts a fat or oil with an alcohol like methanol using a catalyst like sodium or potassium hydroxide to produce biodiesel and glycerine in a low temperature and pressure process with high conversion rates.
Optimization of biodiesel
This document discusses the optimization of biodiesel production from sunflower oil using response surface methodology. Sunflower oil, methanol, and potassium hydroxide were used to produce methyl esters through a transesterification reaction. The effects of temperature, molar ratio of alcohol to oil, and catalyst concentration on biodiesel production were evaluated. A second-order polynomial model was fitted to the experimental data and showed that biodiesel production has a negative quadratic relationship with the parameters tested. The high regression coefficients indicated the model was a good fit for optimizing biodiesel production from sunflower oil.
Genetic engineering for fatty acid biosynthesis
This document discusses genetic engineering to modify fatty acid biosynthesis in plants. It provides background on lipid structure and different types of fatty acids like saturated, unsaturated, and essential fatty acids. The document then discusses strategies for engineering plants to produce very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) like EPA and DHA through the expression of genes encoding fatty acid desaturases and elongases. Optimizing these pathways in transgenic plants could provide sustainable sources of omega-3 fatty acids as alternatives to fish oils.
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This document discusses the modification of vegetable oils through processes like malenization. It begins by noting the increased importance of modifying vegetable oils to replace petroleum products that are limited and cause environmental pollution. The malenization process reacts maleic anhydride with the double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids of vegetable oils to produce maleinized oils. Maleinized oils have properties making them suitable for use in industrial applications to replace some petroleum-derived products. The document evaluates the environmental impacts and health hazards of petroleum products to argue for replacing them with modified vegetable oils that are more sustainable.
publish paper in a multi-disciplinary journal
This document reviews Moringa oleifera seed oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. It discusses how Moringa oleifera seed oil can be extracted using solvent extraction methods like Soxhlet extraction. It also outlines the process for producing biodiesel from Moringa oleifera seed oil through transesterification, which involves reacting the seed oil with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to produce fatty acid alkyl esters. The results indicate that biodiesel produced from Moringa oleifera seed oil, called Moringa oleifera methyl ester biodiesel, has fuel properties within ASTM standards and comparable to other biodiesel fuels. However, NOx emissions are marginally
Fatty acid
This document discusses metabolic engineering of fatty acid biosynthesis in plants. It begins by providing context on the diversity of fatty acids found in plants and their importance for both food and industrial uses. The goals of engineering plant oils are then outlined, including increasing healthy fatty acids and stability while expanding the repertoire of available fatty acids. The document reviews progress made in modifying common fatty acids in major oilseed crops, as well as challenges that remain in producing unusual fatty acid structures at commercial scales.
Biodiesel Production Technology & Feedstocks For India
1) Biodiesel can be produced from a variety of vegetable oils or animal fats through a chemical process called transesterification.
2) For high free fatty acid feedstocks, acid catalysis is used first to convert free fatty acids to esters, followed by base catalysis to transesterify triglycerides.
3) Jatropha is a suitable biodiesel crop for India as it grows in varied climates with minimal inputs and its press cake can be used as organic fertilizer. Large-scale cultivation of Jatropha is being demonstrated across India.
Do34701706
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Waste cooking thesis
This document provides an overview of biodiesel production methods and their impact on emissions. It discusses the advantages of heterogeneous catalysts over homogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. The document then reviews several studies on biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using transesterification with various catalysts and production methods. Key findings from these studies include higher biodiesel yields from transesterification at 60°C and reductions in emissions like CO and smoke when using biodiesel blends compared to diesel fuel. The document concludes by stating that biodiesel production from waste oils helps address issues of decreasing oil reserves, environmental pollution, and high fuel prices.
presentacion
Biodiesel is produced through a process called transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats. Researchers are studying biodiesel as a renewable and cleaner alternative fuel to petroleum diesel. The document discusses optimization of biodiesel production through variables like temperature, catalyst concentration, and alcohol-to-oil ratio. At optimal conditions, high biodiesel yields of over 98% can be achieved with fuel properties similar to petroleum diesel and potential for use without engine modifications.
Life cycle assessment of biodiesel production from pongamia
this presentation is about Life cycle assessment of pongamia (karanj) plant for biodiesel production with compare to fossil fuel.
Production of Biodiesel using waste temple oil from Shani Shingnapur temple (...
In India, due to various mythological and religious reasons hundreds of devotees pour oil over the idols in Hanuman or Maruti and Shani temples. The oil once poured cannot be reutilized and was ultimately wasted. These waste temple oil from Shani Shingnapurwas used to produce biodiesel. Immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to catalyze transesterification of waste temple oil. The cells of P.aeruginosa were immobilized within the sodium alginate. Biodiesel production and its applications were gaining popularity in recent years due to decreased petroleum based reserves. Biodiesel cost formed from waste temple oil was higher than that of fossil fuel, because of high raw material cost.To decrease the cost of biofuel, waste temple oil was used as alternative as feedstock. It has lower emission of pollutants; it is biodegradable and enhances engine lubricity. Waste temple oil contains triglycerides that were used for biodiesel production by chemical and biological method.Transesterification reaction of oil produces methyl esters that are substitutes for fatty acid alkyl biodiesel fuel. Characteristics of oil were studied such as specific gravity, viscosity, acid number, saponification number.Parameters such as temperature,oil: methanol ratio were studied and 88%, 96% of biodiesel yield was obtained with effect of temperature and oil: methanol ratio on transesterification reaction. Withaddition ofNaOH or KOH to fatty acids which formed salt known as soap,which is excellent emulsifying and cleaning agents.
What's hot (20)
Lipase-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production From Waste Activated Bleaching Earth as...
Lipase-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production From Waste Activated Bleaching Earth as...
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
Bio fuel production by mixed of used cooking oil and used engine oil project ppt
Bio fuel production by mixed of used cooking oil and used engine oil project ppt
IRJET-,Study on Modification Processes of Vegetable Oils and Detrimental Effe...
IRJET-,Study on Modification Processes of Vegetable Oils and Detrimental Effe...
Biodiesel Production Technology & Feedstocks For India
Biodiesel Production Technology & Feedstocks For India
Life cycle assessment of biodiesel production from pongamia
Life cycle assessment of biodiesel production from pongamia
Production of Biodiesel using waste temple oil from Shani Shingnapur temple (...
Production of Biodiesel using waste temple oil from Shani Shingnapur temple (...
Similar to renewable energy
Engineering fatty acid biosynthesis
Triacylglycerols produced by plants are one of the most energy-rich and abundant forms of reduced carbon available from nature. Given their chemical similarities, plant oils represent a logical substitute for conventional diesel, a non-renewable energy source. However, as plant oils are too viscous for use in modern diesel engines, they are converted to fatty acid esters. Apart from seed oil vegetative tissue is potential source as bio mass for biofuel production, taking 15 tonnes per hectare as an average dry matter yield for a perennial grass, an oil content of 20– 25% by weight will produce about 3400 l of biodiesel (Heaton et al., 2004). There is growing interest in engineering green biomass to expand the production of plant oils as feed and biofuels. Here, we show that PHOSPHOLIPID: DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (PDAT1) is a critical enzyme involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis in leaves. Overexpression of PDAT1 increases leaf TAG accumulation, leading to oil droplet overexpansion through fusion. Ectopic expression of oleosin promotes the clustering of small oil droplets. Coexpression of PDAT1 with oleosin boosts leaf TAG content by up to 6.4% of the dry weight without affecting membrane lipid composition and plant growth. PDAT1 overexpression stimulates fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and increases fatty acid flux toward the prokaryotic glycerolipid pathway (Julian at al..2013). First, an Arabidopsis thaliana gene diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) coding for a key enzyme in triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis, was expressed in tobacco under the control of a strong ribulose-biphosphate carboxylase small subunit promoter. This modification led to up to a 20-fold increase in TAG accumulation in tobacco leaves and translated into an overall of about a twofold increase in extracted fatty acids (FA) up to 5.8% of dry biomass in Nicotiana tabacum cv Wisconsin, and up to 6% in high-sugar tobacco variety NC-55 ( Andrianovet al 2010). Therefore Biotechnology has important and perhaps critical part to play in large-scale development of Biodiesel.
F028028032
Waste frying oil can be converted into biodiesel through a two-step process of esterification and transesterification. In esterification, free fatty acids in waste oil are reacted with methanol to form methyl esters and water. Then in transesterification, triglycerides are reacted with methanol in the presence of a catalyst like potassium hydroxide to form biodiesel and glycerol. The study found maximum biodiesel yields of 98% when using a 1.5% KOH catalyst at 64°C reaction temperature. While the biodiesel met Indonesian standards for density and flash point, its viscosity was higher than conventional diesel fuel.
Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Curcas Oil Using Potassium Carbonate as an...
This document summarizes a study on producing biodiesel from Jatropha curcas (JTC) oil using potassium carbonate as an unsupported catalyst. Key findings include:
1) Potassium carbonate produced the least amount of soap compared to other base catalysts and can be recovered from JTC seedcake ash, making it suitable for biodiesel production from JTC oil.
2) Transesterification of JTC oil appeared complete within 15 minutes using 5% potassium carbonate and a 6:1 methanol to oil ratio or 4% potassium carbonate at 9:1 ratio and 60°C.
3) FTIR-ATR analysis was used to monitor the reaction and detect soap
Biodiesel Production from Jatropha curcas Oil Using Potassium Carbonate
This document summarizes a study on producing biodiesel from Jatropha curcas (JTC) oil using potassium carbonate as an unsupported catalyst. Key findings include:
1) Potassium carbonate produced the least amount of soap compared to other base catalysts and can be recovered from JTC seedcake ash, making it suitable for biodiesel production from JTC oil.
2) The transesterification of JTC oil appeared complete within 15 minutes using 5% potassium carbonate and a 6:1 methanol to oil ratio or 4% potassium carbonate and a 9:1 ratio, both at 60°C.
3) FTIR-ATR analysis was used to monitor the
B02710608
This document examines the effect of temperature on the yield of methyl ester (biodiesel) produced from palm kernel oil and groundnut oil through base-catalyzed transesterification. The maximum yield for palm kernel oil was 87.67% at 65°C, while groundnut oil yield peaked at 82.5% at 50°C. Yield generally increased with temperature up to these points, then decreased due to increased miscibility. Palm kernel oil produced a higher average yield than groundnut oil under the conditions tested. The results show that Nigerian palm kernel and groundnut oils can be effective feedstocks for biodiesel production.
Biooil extraction of Jatropha curcas with ionic liquid co-solvent
This document summarizes a study that tracked the fate of protein from Jatropha curcas biomass through an extraction process using an ionic liquid co-solvent system. The majority of protein (86%) remained with the biomass after extraction, while a small amount was lost to the co-solvent (12%) and methanol washes (2%). A significant portion of the ionic liquid also remained with the treated biomass and required additional methanol washes to recover. The system showed a net-positive energy balance but additional costs of solvent recovery need to be addressed for commercial viability.
Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil By Co-Solvent Method.
Abstract:- Biodiesel is a mixture of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from a renewable lipid feedstock. It can be used as an alternative fuel as the fossil fuels are getting depleted day by day. Moreover the use of biodiesel leads to the substantial reduction in the pollution caused by PM, HC, CO etc. This paper consists of the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using alkaline catalysts NAOH and KOH and cosolvent acetone in the presence of methanol. Waste cooking oil is used because of its high oil content and abundant availability. This method used is co-solvent method.
248 ritu
The document describes the production, purification, and characterization of lipase from Microbacterium sp. and its application in biodiesel production. Key findings include:
1) Microbacterium sp. was identified as a lipase producing bacterium through isolation, screening, and 16S rDNA sequencing.
2) Lipase from Microbacterium sp. was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration chromatography, resulting in a 2.1-fold purification.
3) The lipase showed maximum activity at pH 8.5 and 50°C and was stable in organic solvents and detergents.
4) Immobilized lipase retained over 95% activity after 10
Heterogeneous Transesterification of Luffa aegyptiaca Oil to Biodiesel
In the continuous desire to find suitable alternative, renewable and biodegradable source of oil for commercial diesel Luffa aegyptiaca oil was converted into biodiesel through transesterification reaction using heterogeneous hydrotalcite particles from MgO/Al2O3/Kaolin clay as catalyst and methanol as solvent at controlled reaction conditions. The characterization results of pure Luffa aegyptiaca oil and biodiesel samples was obtained and compared: moisture content 0.0045 %-0.0034 %, ash content 0.00 %-0.02 %, saponification value 194.5 - 61.43, acid value 9.65-0.144, freezing point 5.00 - 30.00 min, pour point 5.00-3.00 min, density 0.969 g/mL-0.889 g/mL, while the flash point gave 349 k-345 k, specific gravity 0.865 g/mL-0.851 g/mL, and viscosity 34.95 Nsm-2- 5.82 Nsm-2 accordingly. The catalyst sample (MgO/Al2O3/Kaolin clay) after characterized using X-Ray Diffractometer, showed promising surface activity and selectivity on both the calcined and uncalcined catalyst. The optimum transesterification reaction conditions was obtained at 333 k, 6 hours reaction time and 6% catalyst concentration. The reaction conditions had direct effect on percentage yield of the biodiesel product with maximum yield of 79.61 % obtained for untreated oil but 81.27 % for treated oil at 333 k, 3 hours reaction time and 2 % catalyst concentration. FT-IR spectra analysis of biodiesel oil revealed decrease in frequency band of the hydroxyl group (O-H) between 1780 cm-1 and 1700 cm-1 and its subsequent absence at 1730 cm-1. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometer composition for pure Luffa aegyptiaca oil and Biodiesel oil showed that free fatty acid was converted to fatty acid methyl esters. Thus, transesterification of Luffa aegyptiaca oil sample using MgO/Al2O3/Kaolin clay heterogeneous catalyst was a success.
J011646668
This document summarizes research into optimizing the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil via transesterification. Key findings include:
1) The optimum conditions for highest biodiesel yield (99.2%) were 0.75% catalyst concentration, 15% alcohol concentration, and 45 minute reaction time.
2) The biodiesel produced under optimal conditions had viscosity, flash point, and fire point within specifications of ASTM standards for biodiesel.
3) Waste cooking oil has potential to be used as an alternative fuel source after processing into biodiesel via transesterification to reduce its high viscosity.
Paper1. CSSB Article
This document summarizes a research study that analyzed bio-oil produced from pyrolyzing a mixture of discarded soybean oil, coffee grounds, and sawdust. The pyrolysis was conducted in the presence of hydrogen and argon to improve bio-oil stability and quality. The pyrolysis yielded two bio-oil fractions that were condensed at 100°C and 5°C. These fractions along with fractions from subsequent cracking experiments were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The study aimed to characterize the compounds in the bio-oils to better understand their potential as fuels.
FINAL REVIEW.pptx
This document summarizes research on producing biodiesel from macroalgal biomass using natural catalysts. It discusses how macroalgal biomass is a suitable feedstock for biodiesel production. The study used Salvinia molesta macroalgae collected from various locations in India. Various pre-treatment methods were tested to extract oil from the biomass most efficiently. Acid-base catalyzed transesterification was performed on the extracted oil to produce biodiesel. Analysis showed the biodiesel met specifications for properties like density, viscosity, and flash point. The biodiesel produced from macroalgal oil has potential as an alternative fuel and offers economic and environmental benefits.
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...
The indiscriminate usage of fossil fuels in many
countries has led to an increased interest in the search for
suitable alternative fuels. Methyl Esters of Vegetable oils and
Animal fats are found to be good alternative, renewable and
environmental friendly fuels for C.I. engines.
This paper presents the results of investigation carried
out in studying the properties and behavior of methyl esters
of corn seed oil, fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel in a C
I Engine. Engine tests have been carried out to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the
above mentioned fuels.
The tests have been carried out in a 4-stroke,
computerized, single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection
diesel engine at different loads. The loads were varied from
0% to 100% of the maximum load in steps of 25%. The Methyl
Ester blends of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume with diesel were
used. The engine test parameters were recorded with the help
of engine analysis software and were studied with the help of
graphs.
The results showed that the properties of the above mentioned
oils are comparable with conventional diesel. The 20% blend
performed well in running a diesel engine at a constant speed
of 1500 rpm. It substantially reduced the emissions with
acceptable efficiency. Hence the oils can be used as suitable
additives for diesel in compression ignition engine.
Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Oil using Response Surface...
1) The document describes research optimizing the production of biodiesel from Jatropha oil through alkali-catalyzed transesterification.
2) A central composite design was used to optimize reaction conditions including methanol-to-oil ratio, sodium hydroxide concentration, and reaction time.
3) The optimal conditions found were a methanol-to-oil ratio of 6.0, 1.0% sodium hydroxide concentration, and a 90 minute reaction time, producing a 99.87% fatty acid methyl ester content.
Cosolvent Transesterification of Jatropha Curcas Seed Oil
This document presents a study on the cosolvent transesterification of Jatropha curcas seed oil. The key findings are:
1) Jatropha oil was characterized and found to contain mainly palmitic, oleic, linoleic and stearic acids.
2) Tetrahydrofuran was used as the cosolvent to create a single miscible phase for the transesterification reaction between Jatropha oil and methanol.
3) Optimum conditions for transesterification were found to be 40°C, 200 rpm, 4:1 methanol-to-oil ratio, 1:1 cosolvent-to-methanol ratio, 0.5
IRJET- Production of Bio-Fuels from Waste Cooking Oil: A Review
This document provides a review of producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil. It discusses:
- Waste cooking oil is a potential feedstock for first generation biodiesel production through esterification and transesterification processes.
- Biodiesel has similar properties to conventional diesel but is renewable and produces fewer emissions.
- Esterification is used to reduce free fatty acids in waste cooking oil prior to transesterification to produce biodiesel and glycerin.
- The properties, production factors, conversion processes, and global utilization of biodiesel from different generations of feedstocks are compared.
IRJET- Production of Biodiesel from Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil and its P...
This document summarizes a study that produced biodiesel from Cannabis sativa (hemp) seed oil through a transesterification process. The physicochemical properties of the hemp biodiesel were tested and found to meet ASTM standards. The hemp biodiesel was blended with base diesel in ratios from B10 to B100. Engine tests on a single cylinder diesel engine showed that B10 and B20 blends had similar brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption as base diesel. Emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were reduced on average, but nitrous oxide emissions increased compared to base diesel when using the hemp biodiesel blends. Smoke opacity also improved up
Oil to Biodiesel from Two Potential Sources – A 360 degree Comparative Study
Oil to Biodiesel from Two Potential Sources – A 360 degree Comparative StudyAssociate Professor in VSB Coimbatore
Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) and karanja oil have been identified for the comparative study of production of renewable energy sources i.e. biodiesel as well as physico-chemical properties of biodiesel for its potentiality. Enzyme Novozyme 435 (Candida antarctica) is used as biocatalyst (8%) for the conversion in both the cases with 5:1 molar ratio of alcohol to oil for 8 hours with mixing intensity of 600 rpm at 550C. JCO shows higher conversion efficiency at these parameters than karanja oil. Biodiesels obtained from JCO and karanja oil are analysed based on physico-chemical properties like specific gravity, kinematic viscosity, density, calorific value, cetane number, flash point, cloud point and acid number. With regard to specific gravity, kinematic viscosity, density, calorific value and cetane number, the JCO biodiesel shows higher values than karanja biodiesel whereas flash point and cloud point of karanja biodiesel are higher than JCO biodiesel. With respect to the compositional analysis, JCO biodiesel contains 95.67% methyl ester but karanja biodiesel contains 92.57% methyl ester. Apart from this, triglycerides (TG), diglycerides (DG) and monoglycerides (MG) content of JCO and karanja oil biodiesel are 1.68%, 1.08%, 2.68% and 1.89%, 2.75% and 3.69% respectively.The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
performance and emission radiation using of indian
This document discusses a study on the performance, combustion characteristics, and emissions of an Indian Pomegranate seed oil biodiesel in a diesel engine. Biodiesel was produced from pomegranate seed oil via an alkaline transesterification process. The biodiesel and its blends (B25, B50, B75, B100) were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. Test results showed a marginal decrease in brake thermal efficiency for biodiesel blends compared to diesel alone. Emissions of CO, HC, and NOx decreased for biodiesel blends while smoke and CO2 increased marginally. Combustion characteristics also improved with biodiesel blends compared to diesel alone
Similar to renewable energy (20)
Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Curcas Oil Using Potassium Carbonate as an...
Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Curcas Oil Using Potassium Carbonate as an...
Biodiesel Production from Jatropha curcas Oil Using Potassium Carbonate
Biodiesel Production from Jatropha curcas Oil Using Potassium Carbonate
Biooil extraction of Jatropha curcas with ionic liquid co-solvent
Biooil extraction of Jatropha curcas with ionic liquid co-solvent
Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil By Co-Solvent Method.
Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil By Co-Solvent Method.
Heterogeneous Transesterification of Luffa aegyptiaca Oil to Biodiesel
Heterogeneous Transesterification of Luffa aegyptiaca Oil to Biodiesel
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...
Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Oil using Response Surface...
Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Oil using Response Surface...
Cosolvent Transesterification of Jatropha Curcas Seed Oil
Cosolvent Transesterification of Jatropha Curcas Seed Oil
IRJET- Production of Bio-Fuels from Waste Cooking Oil: A Review
IRJET- Production of Bio-Fuels from Waste Cooking Oil: A Review
IRJET- Production of Biodiesel from Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil and its P...
IRJET- Production of Biodiesel from Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil and its P...
Oil to Biodiesel from Two Potential Sources – A 360 degree Comparative Study
Oil to Biodiesel from Two Potential Sources – A 360 degree Comparative Study
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
performance and emission radiation using of indian
performance and emission radiation using of indian
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Oryza sativa
Rice is a major staple food worldwide and can be genetically modified using various methods like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, biolistic transformation, and chloroplast transformation. Agrobacterium transformation has advantages like simplicity but is limited by host specificity. Biolistic transformation has the disadvantage of random integration and tissue damage. Chloroplast transformation involves constructing vectors by cloning homologous fragments and promoters before transforming rice chloroplasts. Co-cultivation on filter paper with cysteine gave non-browning calli for Agrobacterium transformation selection. Transgenic plants were confirmed using Southern blotting for all three methods.
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The document discusses mixed models, which contain both fixed and random effects. Fixed effects have all possible levels included in the study, while random effects are a random sample from the total population. The mixed model is represented as Y = Xβ + Zγ + ε, where β are fixed effects, X are fixed effect variables, Z are random effects, γ are random effect parameters, and ε is the error term. Mixed models can model both fixed and random effects, account for correlation in errors, and handle missing data. They provide correct standard errors compared to general linear models (GLMs). Model fitting involves likelihood ratio tests and information criteria to select the best fitting model.
Manova
This document provides an overview of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). It explains that MANOVA assesses the effect of one or more independent variables on two or more dependent variables simultaneously, accounting for correlations between dependent variables. Some key points covered include assumptions of MANOVA like multivariate normality and homogeneity of covariance matrices. Examples are given to illustrate when MANOVA may be more advantageous than conducting multiple ANOVA tests.
Citrus
This document summarizes a case study on citrus tissue culture. It discusses that citrus has nutritional value and originated in Southeast Asia. After decades of research, micrografting, embryogenesis, and shoot regeneration techniques showed poor practical results. The study focused on tissue culture of citrus cultivars using explants from nucellus, underdeveloped seeds, leaves, and ovaries cultured on MS medium. This resulted in callus formation and regeneration of shoots and roots. It also allowed production of somatic hybrids. The research was successful in steadily increasing citrus production through propagation of healthy plants using various explants and growth hormones.
Case study report on sugarcane
This document summarizes recent research on sugarcane tissue culture. It discusses that sugarcane is an important crop grown for sugar and ethanol production. Tissue culture techniques like micropropagation through shoot tip culture and callus culture are used for rapid multiplication of sugarcane varieties. The document provides details of explants used, sterilization processes, growth media, and hormones found most effective for callus induction and shooting. It also discusses using tissue culture for somaclonal variation to develop salt tolerant varieties and mentions challenges in obtaining genetically stable plants.
plant as bioreactor
Plants have been genetically engineered to serve as bioreactors for producing valuable biomolecules. Key advantages of plant bioreactors include low production costs, ease of scale-up and storage, and the ability to produce many products like vaccines, therapeutics, and industrial compounds. However, challenges remain around enhancing product yields, addressing storage and commercialization issues, and assessing social and environmental impacts.
Report on pineapple
Pineapple is a tropical fruit grown in many tropical and subtropical regions around the world. It has a crown of green or brown leaves with a fleshy fruit growing below it. The sweet and tangy fruit is high in vitamin C and manganese and has anti-inflammatory properties.
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renewable energy
- 1. Submitted by : Arun Nagarajan Production and selected fuel properties of biodiesel from promising non-edible oils Rui Wang, Milford A. Hanna Renewable energy
- 2. Biodiesel - Introduction Fossil fuel : non renewable resource – million year. But depleted – faster than regenerated. Biodiesel - Alternative fuel for diesel engines. Made from vegetable oil or animal fat. Meets health effect testing (CAA). Lower emissions, High flash point (>300F), Safer. Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic. Reduces carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and sulfur emissions. 2 (Ma and Hanna, 1999)
- 3. Environmental Issues Combustion of fossil fuels - ↑ atmospheric CO2 level. Fossil fuels are a limited resource. Biodiesel’s Closed Carbon Cycle Edited from: http://www.gift-n-garden.com/algae_biodiesel.jpg 3
- 5. Low polyunsaturated fatty acid (C18:2, C18:3)
- 6. Saturated fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0).Superior character of Non-edible oil Hence Non-edible oil is preferred 4 (Knothe, 2009; Ramos et al., 2009)
- 7. About feed stock Feed stock – Euphorbiaceae – significant amount of oil. Euphorbia lathyris L. (EL) - (Potential source of petroleum crop) Sapiumsebiferum L. (SS) - (Potential source of petroleum crop) Jathropha curcas L. (JC) – (Accepted species for biodiesel) 5 Jathropha Curcas Euphorbia lathyris Sapiumsebiferum Reference: Janick and Paul, 2008; All image sources : http://www.kinmatsu.idv.tw/
- 8. About crops 6 Ayerbeet al., 1984; Rattiet al.,1995; Guand Liu, 2001; Janick and Paul, 2008)
- 9. Drawback 7 Non-edible oil: Cannot directly transesterified – basic catalyst. Reason: High content of fatty acids. (Pinziet al., 2009) Hence two-step catalytic process. Pre-esterification Transesterification This two-step process was already involved in J. curcus production (Pinziet al., 2009).
- 10. FAC & FAME contents 8 EL oil & JC oil – Mechanical expression. SS kernel oil – De waxing and crushed to extract oil. (Rajamet al., 2005) Extracted OIL + KOH + Boron tri fluoride Methylated esters Major fatty acid components were identified by GC/MS. Agilent GC6890 with HP-innowax and flame ionization detector is used. Yield of FAME: FAME YEILD(%)=Total weight of FAMET𝑜tal weight of oil X 100% FAME is not Biodiesel unless it meets the relevant standards.
- 11. Production & purification 9 Product (Pre treated oil) Methanol KOH-CH3OH Separating column Pretreated oil Oil bath (600RPM), 60.0±0.3˚C, 30min Oil bath (600RPM) 60.0±0.3˚C Cooled & Allowed to settle Bio Diesel Allowed to settle In separating funnel Separating column
- 12. Results 10
- 13. Discussion 11 ELO possessed the Highest monounsaturated fatty acid content (82.66 wt.%) Lowest polyunsaturated fatty acid content (6.49 wt.%) Low saturated fatty acid content (8.78 wt.%) High oxidative stability (10.4h) High Cetane number (59.6) Although cetane number (59.6) of ELO biodiesel was lower than palm oil (61) (Rashid et al., 2008) Good cold flow properties
- 14. Discussion (Cont…) 12 (a) Effect of catalyst conc. on esterification reaction. In which conc. Was optimized at 0.8, 0.4, 0.4 wt. % for ELO, DSSKO and JCO. (b) The effect of the methanol to oil ratio on esterification reaction. Optimum result for ELO, DSSKO and JCO were achieved within 1hr at 10:1, 8:1, 8:1 respectively. (c) Effect of reaction time on esterification. 15, 30, 45, 60 min were evaluated. In which 45, 30, 30 were optimum for ELO, DSSKO and JCO respectively. (d) The effect of catalyst (KOH) concentration on transesterification. FAME yields of 85.6%, 86.3% and 84.2% were obtained from ELO, DSSKO and JCO.
- 15. Conclusion 13 Comparatively low cetane number (55.4), oxidative stability (8h) of JCO biodiesel were considered moderate biodiesel. (Table 2) Alternatively, low cetane number (40.2), oxidative stability (0.8h) were observed in DSSK biodiesel is due to low degree of saturation (7.58%) and high degree of polyunsaturation(72.79%) and it did not satisfy standards. The ELO and JCO biodiesels fits EN 14124 standard. The fuel properties of ELO biodiesel were superior than other fuels. Thus E. lathyris L. is promising species for biodiesel feed stock and potential substitute for J. curcas L.
- 16. My view 14 In my view, Competition of edible oil sources as food vs. fuel makes edible oil not an ideal feedstock for biodiesel production. Instead, Waste edible oil should be made the primary source for biodiesel feedstock due to its abundant availability. Fresh edible and non-edible oils can then be used to supplement the shortfall of WEO as feedstock. Recommended source for waste edible oil are: Industrial deep fryers in potato processing plants, snack food factories and fast food restaurants.
- 17. References 15 Ma, F.R., Hanna, M.A., 1999. Biodiesel production: a review. Bioresour. Technol. 70, 1–15. Knothe, G., 2009. Improving biodiesel fuel properties by modifying fatty ester composition. Energy Environ. Sci.2, 759–766. Janick, J., Paul, R.E., 2008. Encyclopedia of Fruits and Nuts. CABI, London. Ayerbe, L., Tenorio, J.L., Ventas, P., Funes, E., Mellado, L., 1984. Euphorbia lathyris as an energy crop-part 1. Vegetative matter and seed productivity. Biomass4, 283–293. Ratti, N., Sidhu, O.P., Behl, H.M., 1995. Quantification of polyisoprenes from some promising euphorbs. Bioresour. Technol.52, 231–235. Gu, Q., Liu, J., 2001. The analysis of correlation between ratio of different parts and their oil contents of Sapiumsebiferumseed and environmental factors. J. Plant Resour. Environ. 14, 14–16. Pinzi, S., Garcia, I.L., Lopez-Gimenez, F.J., Luque de Castro, M.D., Dorado, G., Dorado, M.P., 2009. The ideal vegetable oil-based biodiesel composition: a review of social, economical and technical implications.Energ. Fuel 23, 2325–2341. Rajam, L., Soban Kumar, D.R., Sundaresan, A., Arumughan, C., 2005. A novel process for physically refining rice bran oil through simultaneous degumming and dewaxing. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.82, 213–220. Rashid, U., Anwar, F., Moser, B.R., Knothe, G., 2008. Moringaoleiferaoil: a possible source of biodiesel. Bioresour. Technol.99, 8175–8179.
- 18. 16 Thank you