The document discusses the history and types of artificial hearts. There are three main types: ventricular artificial heart, ventricular assist device, and total artificial heart. The total artificial heart, such as the AbioCor, consists of implanted components like the replacement heart and batteries, as well as external components like a battery bag. The artificial heart replaces the pumping function of the natural heart and requires a power source to operate. While artificial hearts can extend lives, there are still obstacles to widespread acceptance and use.

1. A Concise
Presentation
By
Mr. Deepak Sarangi
M.Pharm.(Ph.D)

2. An artificial heart is a prosthetic device
that is implanted into the body to replace
the biological heart.
Artificial heart a pumping mechanism
that duplicates the rate, output, and blood
pressure of the natural heart; it may
replace the function of a part or all of the
heart.
INTRODUCTION
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3. ARTIFICIAL HEART
HISTORY
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4. Artificial heart are of three types
VENTRICULAR ARTIFICIAL
HEART
VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE
TOTALARTIFICIAL HEART
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5. VENTRICULAR ARTIFICIAL
HEART
Each pump is small enough to be
implanted into the void that was left
behind from the extraction.
Both pumps receive power from a large
external console. The console pushes
air through the tubing.
Air enters inside the pump and is
expelled through a series of thin
flexible diaphragms.
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The jarvik-7 design incorporates two heart pumps that are connected to a
power console.

6. VENTRICULAR ASSIST
DEVICE
Michael has pioneered the development
of heart pumps since the early 1960s.
In 1966, he performed the first
successful implantation of a ventricular
assist device.
The patient's heart recovered while the
VAD took over its pumping chores.
Ventricular assist device, invented by Dr Michael DeBakey was
implanted in 1966 at Methodist hospital in Texas.
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7. TOTAL ARTIFICIAL
HEART
The AbioCor™ implantable replacement
heart is the first completely self-contained
total artificial heart. It is the product of
30 years of research, development,
and testing conducted by ABIOMED, Inc.
in order to extend and improve the lives of
patients who would otherwise die of heart
failure.
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8. The AbioCor, along with other
components is surgically
implanted; it is designed to fit
within chest and abdomen.
The AbioCor System consists of
the following implanted
components:
 Replacement Heart
 Implanted TET
 Implanted Controller
 Implanted Battery
ABIOCOR SYSTEM
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9. The thoracic unit weighs slightly more than two pounds (0.9 kg) and is
about the same size and shape of a natural heart.
It is made of titanium, and Angioflex, a polyurethane plastic.
REPLACEMENT HEART
The thoracic unit is implanted in the chest,
and connects to the right and left atria, the
aorta, and the pulmonary artery.
The thoracic unit contains two hydraulic
motors; one keeps the blood pumping from
each ventricle (blood pump), and the other
operates the motion of the four heart valves.
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10. IMPLANTED
TRANSCUTANEOUS ENERGY
TRANSMISSION (TET)
The implanted TET is an electric coil that
provides all of the AbioCor System’s
internal devices with electrical energy.
It is connected to the thoracic unit, the
implanted controller, and the implanted
battery.
The implanted TET is located on the
upper-left area of the chest (opposite of
the artificial heart).
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11. The job of the implanted controller is to
oversee the internal components of the
AbioCor System.
The implanted controller is also able to
manage the artificial heart’s cardiac output
rate to make sure that the artificial heat
generates the necessary blood flow.
IMPLANTED CONTROLLER
The implanted controller is a small automatic computer located in the
abdomen of the patient’s body.
It is secured in a titanium case and connects to all internal
components.
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12. The implanted battery is placed in the abdomen,
opposite from the implanted Controller.
It is implanted when the implanted controller and the
artificial heart are placed in the patient’s body.
The implanted battery is kept in a titanium case, it
receives energy from the external TET.
It is connected to all other internal components.
If the patient were to separate himself from the
external TET and battery pack (such as to take a
shower), the implanted battery would provide energy
for 30 - 40 minutes.
IMPLANTED BATTERY
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13. External Components:
TRANSCUTANEOUS ENERGY
TRANSMISSION (TET)
PATIENT-CARRIED ELECTRONICS.
PCE BATTERY BAG
PCE BATTERIES
PCE CONTROL MODULE
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14. TRANSCUTANEOUS ENERGY
TRANSMISSION (TET)
The external TET is placed directly over the location of the internal
TET to transfer energy through the skin.
If the patient is stationary and is near a power outlet, his source for
energy may be the console.
If the patient is mobile and has
no intentions of remaining in
the same location for a long
period of time, he may use the
PCE as a power source.
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15. PATIENT-CARRIED
ELECTRONICS
The patient using the AbioCor System is
not forced to stay in bed hooked up to the
system’s console;
He is also given the option to move around
and not have to depend on a power outlet to
power the system’s components.
If the patient chooses to be
mobile(movable) he may use the Patient-
Carried Electronics
(PCE) by plugging the external TET into
the PCE’s control module.
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16. PCE BATTERY BAG
PCE Battery Bag weighs : 10 pounds.
Carried by using : An attached shoulder strap (Abiomed).
Inside of the bag contains : Four batteries, plastic cardholders.
Outside of the bag contains : PCE control module.
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17. PCE BATTERIES
Each pair of PCE Batteries supplies the AbioCor’s internal system
with power for about one hour (Abiomed).
The battery bag can carry two pairs of PCE batteries.
The internal system may be supplied with power for about two
hours .
 Additionally, since the PCE batteries don’t last very long,
they must be changed several times a day so patient can take extra
batteries if necessary.
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18. PCE CONTROL MODULE
The PCE control module is to be placed in one of the
pockets of the PCE battery bag.
It is connected to the batteries by a battery cable and is
also connected to the external TET.
 If a problem occurs within one of the internal devices,
the control module immediately notifies the patient.
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19. To maintain operation, the AbioCor System must first have a
source of power depending on whether or not the patient is
mobile.
This power source will either be the console or the PCE control
module.
If the power source detects a problem, an alarm light or an
alarm sound notifies the patient.
Otherwise, if no problems are detected the AbioCor System
follows a cyclic function and continues to operate.
FUNCTION
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20. COST OF IMPLANTATION
Complete heart replacement device
can cost about $75,000.
Procedure expenses cost about
$175,000.
It is financed by the national heart
research fund.
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21. There are many obstacles to overcome before any TAH is widely
accepted.
The AbioCor System consists of a set of internal components and
external components.
The internal and external TETs work together to convert this
energy into usable energy for all internal components.
All of these provide power for the artificial heart and components
keep the artificial heart pumping blood and keep sending that
blood throughout the patient’s body.
CONCLUSION
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22. “ARTIFICIAL HEART IS NOT AS A
BRIDGE TO
TRANSPLANTATION BUT AS A
LIFE
EXTENDING DEVICE”
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23. REFERENCES
Abiomed. Product details.
http://www.abiomed.com/products/heart_replacement/product_details.cfm
Bonsor, Kevin. How Artificial Hearts Work.
http://science.howstuffworks.com/artificial-heart.htm
Brain, Marshall. How Hydraulic Machines Work.
http://science.howstuffworks.com/hydraulic.htm
Cho, B.H., Gyu Bum Joun. “An energy transmission system for an artificial
heart using leakage inductance compensation of transcutaneous
transformer”. IEEE. Nov. 1998
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abs_free.jsp?arNumber=728328
Factmonster. heart, artificial.
<http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0823119.html>
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