Artificial heart has provided a viable option for patient awaiting heart transplantation. Future developments on artificial hearts have the hope of eliminating the need for the transplantation completely.

1. ARTIFICIAL HEART
Presented by:-
Priyanka Keshari
ECE, 3rd
Year
1252531088
Guided By:-
Mr. Mahesh
Singh

2. ARTIFICIAL HEART
A promising approach in
Artificial organs…..

3.  Definition
 The Human Heart
 Heart Disease
 The need for Heart Substitute
 Design Process
 Criteria for a Heart Substitute
 The AbioCor Heart
 How it works?
 Surgical Procedure
 AbioCor Design Criteria
 Advantages and Disadvantages
ARTIFICIAL HEART

4.  “An artificial organ is a man-made device that is
implanted into the human body to replace one or
many functions of a natural organ, which usually
are related to life support”.
ARTIFICIAL HEART
Life support to
prevent
awaiting a
transplant.
Dramatic
improvement of
the patient’s
ability for self
care.
Improvement of
patient’s ability
to interact
socially.

5.  Heart has four
chambers
 Right chambers
pump blood to lungs
to receive oxygen
 Left chambers pump
oxygenated blood
from lungs to rest of
the body
ARTIFICIAL HEART

6.  Right and left atria receive blood
 Right and left ventricles pump blood
 Valves produce one-way blood flow from atria →
ventricles → arteries
 Energy to pump blood comes from nutrients and
oxygen in blood
 The blood supply to the heart is provided by
coronary arteries
ARTIFICIAL HEART

7.  Heart attack: blockage of coronary artery
damages portion of heart muscle
 Congestive heart failure: gradual weakening of
heart
 Millions suffer from heart disease
◦ Many cases are treatable with lifestyle changes, drugs
and/or surgery
◦ Surviving patients suffering from most severe cases
need new hearts!
ARTIFICIAL HEART

8.  600,000 Americans/year suffering from severe
heart disease need new hearts
 Only 2,000 patients receive heart transplants
 Conclusion: many patients die waiting for a new
heart!
 A suitable alternative to donor hearts could
prolong thousands of lives
ARTIFICIAL HEART

9.  Identify the problem or need to address
 Specify details/criteria of an adequate solution to
your problem
 Implement various solutions that meet the
criteria you specified
 Test to determine which solution is most viable
 Further testing to refine the solution you chose
ARTIFICIAL HEART

10.  Process is iterative
◦ You need to repeat
various steps after testing
◦ Make design changes
based on test results
 Failed designs
◦ Design didn’t meet criteria
◦ Could be due to
inappropriate criteria
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Identify Problem
Specify Criteria
Implement Design
Test Design
Refine Design

11.  Must fit into chest cavity and connect to atria,
pulmonary artery and aorta quickly
 Provide an adequate blood flow (8 – 10
liters/min)
 Send deoxygenated blood to the lungs and
oxygenated blood to the body
 Operate continuously for an indefinite period of
time
 Provide adequate warning if something is wrong
or if it is going to fail
ARTIFICIAL HEART

12.  Should increase/decrease blood flow based on
patient activity level
 Should not evoke an immune response
 No wires or tubes that penetrate the skin
 Should not produce blood clots
 Should not damage red blood cells
 Ideally should have pulsatile blood flow
 Many others we haven’t thought of!
ARTIFICIAL HEART

13.  The AbioCor is the world’s first completely self
contained replacement heart.
 A product of 3 decades research, development
and testing .
 It is an advanced medical system being developed
by ABIOMED.
 It is designed fully to sustain the body’s circulatory
system.
ARTIFICIAL HEART

14.  Implanted into 59 year
old Robert Tools on July
2, 2001 at Jewish
Hospital in Louisville KY
(96 days)
 Patient is able to walk
around, organs are
functioning normally,
undergoing daily
rehabilitation for
eventual release
ARTIFICIAL HEART

15.  Titanium
 Angioflex
 Polyurethane
ARTIFICIAL HEART

16.  Internal Thoracic Unit
 Two artificial ventricles along with valves
 Internal motor driver
 Internal Battery & External Battery
 Energy Transformer Device (TET)
 An internal miniaturized electronic package
ARTIFICIAL HEART

17.  Hydraulic pump forces
blood to lungs and body
 Power is provided by an
internal rechargeable
battery
 Battery is recharged by
coils on surface and
below skin
 Internal controller
monitors system and
controls pump speed
ARTIFICIAL HEART

18.  Implant controller, battery
and coil
 Connect patient to heart-
lung machine
 Cut away ventricles
 Sew grafts onto atria and
arteries
 Connect implants to grafts
 Remove patient from
heart-lung machine
ARTIFICIAL HEART

19.  Grapefruit size, weighs 2 lbs, requires a 7 hour
surgery for implantation
 Can provide up to 8 liters/min of blood to the
lungs and body
 Has two chambers for pumping deoxygenated
blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to the
body
 Wireless energy transfer system allows for
continuous operation
 Internal controller monitors operation
ARTIFICIAL HEART

20.  Internal controller increases/decreases blood
flow based on blood oxygen levels
 Materials are inert to the immune system
 Completely contained within the chest – no wires
or tubing through skin!
 Made of special materials and special pump
design to prevent clots and RBC damage
 Pumping alternates between chambers, creating
a pulsatile blood flow
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21. ARTIFICIAL HEART

22.  It is readily available.
 No piercing wires.
 There is no need for immunosuppressive drugs, which
can compromise renal function & leave the patient
susceptible to infection.
 For the persons who are not heart transplant
candidates, the artificial heart has allowed prolonged
time with family & friends & time to enjoy desired
activities.
ARTIFICIAL HEART

23.  The artificial heart is not without risk:-
 Those risks include wearing out or failure of the
electrical motor , infection & the need to take blood
thinners to prevent clotting.
 Stroke & bleeding are also possible complications with
the artificial heart.
 Larzer in size.
 Not all patients have a body size that allows the
device to be implanted into the chest cavity, making
small persons unable to receive device.
ARTIFICIAL HEART

24.  Artificial hearts need to be made of light but
durable materials.
 It combines many principles of electronics,
material science, biology and physics.
 Before the invention of the Artificial heart many
people died in awaiting of heart transplant.
 It has played a very vital role in saving lives of
thousands of people who otherwise died of heart
failure.
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25. ARTIFICIAL HEART

26. 

Questions???
ARTIFICIAL HEART