Solar technologies- Introduction and BasicsSumiit Mathur
This is an introductory presentation used for training and building awareness towards Solar energy technologies , their uses, comparisons and day to day applications. This presentation is accompanied with a large no. of interactive video tutorials (not included here due to size constraints) to complete the understanding and to make the sessions lively. Contact me on sumitmathur80@gmail.com to know more.
Solar technologies- Introduction and BasicsSumiit Mathur
This is an introductory presentation used for training and building awareness towards Solar energy technologies , their uses, comparisons and day to day applications. This presentation is accompanied with a large no. of interactive video tutorials (not included here due to size constraints) to complete the understanding and to make the sessions lively. Contact me on sumitmathur80@gmail.com to know more.
Contents:
Nuclear Technology.
Atom.
Nuclear Energy.
Splitting the uranium atom.
chain reaction.
Types of nuclear reaction.
Nuclear fission.
Nuclear fusion.
Where does energy comes from.
Construction & Working of Nuclear Reactors.
Nuclear Weapons.
Types of Fission Bombs.
Gun Triggered fission bombs.
Implosion Triggered fission bombs.
Hydrogen bomb & Functioning & its effects.
Advantages and Disadvantages
The Future of Nuclear Energy
Chapter - 14, Sources of Energy, Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 14, Sources of Energy, Science, Class 10
A GOOD SOURCE OF ENERGY
FEATURES OF GOOD FUEL
FOSSIL FUELS
DISADVANTAGES OF FOSSIL FUELS
THERMAL POWER PLANT
HYDROPOWER PLANT
ADVANTAGES OF HYDROPOWER PLANT
DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROPOWER PLANT
BIO-MASS
CHARCOAL
COW DUNG
BIOGAS PLANT
WIND ENERGY
ADVANTAGES OF WIND ENERGY
LIMITATIONS OF WIND ENERGY
NON - CONVENTIONAL / ALTERNATIVE SOURCES -OF ENERGY
SOLAR ENERGY
SOLAR COOKER
SOLAR CELL
ENERGY FROM THE SEA
TIDAL ENERGY
WAVE ENERGY
OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
NUCLEAR ENERGY
NUCLEAR FISSION
DISADVANTAGES OF USING NUCLEAR ENERGY
NUCLEAR FUSION
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RENEWABLE AND -NONRENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur & Teacher)
With the increased emphasis on concepts, inquiry based learning, ATL skills, ToK in the curriculum and approaches to teaching, what could assessment as an educational tool within the IB DP look like.
Contents:
Nuclear Technology.
Atom.
Nuclear Energy.
Splitting the uranium atom.
chain reaction.
Types of nuclear reaction.
Nuclear fission.
Nuclear fusion.
Where does energy comes from.
Construction & Working of Nuclear Reactors.
Nuclear Weapons.
Types of Fission Bombs.
Gun Triggered fission bombs.
Implosion Triggered fission bombs.
Hydrogen bomb & Functioning & its effects.
Advantages and Disadvantages
The Future of Nuclear Energy
Chapter - 14, Sources of Energy, Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 14, Sources of Energy, Science, Class 10
A GOOD SOURCE OF ENERGY
FEATURES OF GOOD FUEL
FOSSIL FUELS
DISADVANTAGES OF FOSSIL FUELS
THERMAL POWER PLANT
HYDROPOWER PLANT
ADVANTAGES OF HYDROPOWER PLANT
DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROPOWER PLANT
BIO-MASS
CHARCOAL
COW DUNG
BIOGAS PLANT
WIND ENERGY
ADVANTAGES OF WIND ENERGY
LIMITATIONS OF WIND ENERGY
NON - CONVENTIONAL / ALTERNATIVE SOURCES -OF ENERGY
SOLAR ENERGY
SOLAR COOKER
SOLAR CELL
ENERGY FROM THE SEA
TIDAL ENERGY
WAVE ENERGY
OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
NUCLEAR ENERGY
NUCLEAR FISSION
DISADVANTAGES OF USING NUCLEAR ENERGY
NUCLEAR FUSION
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RENEWABLE AND -NONRENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur & Teacher)
With the increased emphasis on concepts, inquiry based learning, ATL skills, ToK in the curriculum and approaches to teaching, what could assessment as an educational tool within the IB DP look like.
A presentation case study originally authored using Apple Keynote. Svalbard Reindeer follwing 10000 years of isolation have developed into a unique subspecies
This presentation was originally rendered as an Apple Keynote presentation designed for use with IB Environmental Systems - For the new IB Environmental Systems and Societies course the topic numbers are incorrect but the content still applies. The presentation is also suitable for use with Ecology and Environmental science Courses. Copyright of sciencebitz.com
more sciencebitz resources on iTunesU and iBooks https://itunesu.itunes.apple.com/enroll/DEZ-HWS-HNJ
https://itun.es/gb/ymzI6.n
Solar Boiler for an Energy Saving In Maradi, Republic Of Nigertheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation.
A presenation on Nuclear Power Plant Presentation.Fission is the splitting of a nucleus into two or more separate nuclei of comparable mass and this process takes place in Nuclear Power Plant
Topic 1.1 Part 1 - Perspectives for the SL and HL IB Diploma ESS Course. These notes form quick over views of the main points of each topic and a designed to help students as a starting point for revision.
Topic 2.4 - Biomes, Zonation and Succession in the Pyrenees.pdfNigel Gardner
Develops and understanding of Zonation and Succession through a case study of the Garigue ecosystem in the Corbiere range in South East France as part of the Pyrenees. The Garigue is a typical Mediterranean Type ecosystem but its range has been significantly increased historically through human influence.
With rural depopulation secondary succession has developed and biodiversity change is occurring.
This resource has been created for IB Diploma ESS, but it is also useful for Post 16 Biology and Geography courses.
For downloadable versions please visit the four corners education TES webstore
Getting to the Core of Paper 2 - ESS Stream.pdfNigel Gardner
Where do the questions come from in section B Paper 2 of the IB DP ESS exam?
Walk through the process of why concentrating on these questions is valuable and how to build your own questions.
IB Environmental Systems and SocietiesTopic 2 - Energy in an ecosystem - The ...Nigel Gardner
A presentation to support the IB ESS course examining energy flow through and ecosystem. The presentation covers photosynthesis and respiration on ecosystems, productivity, and feeding relationships through the use of Arctic ecosystems as examples. Questions are included along the way to help students critically think about the relationships between energy, productivity and populations.
Getting to the Core of Paper 2 - ESS.pdfNigel Gardner
How important are the 9 mark questions in IB Diploma Environmental Systems and Societies?
Where do those questions come from?
How do you teach to answer those questions?
Topic 1.1- Environmental value systems Four Corners.pdfNigel Gardner
Environmental Value systems (EVS) : Have been affected by events through history as the environmental movement has developed
Environmental Value systems (EVS) : Exist as a spectrum of ideas and values that depend on many factors and influences.
For IB Diploma Environmental Systems and Societies
Topic 2.5: investigating ecosystems - Vegetation Sampling Part 1Nigel Gardner
Original written for a Land Managers course around 20 years ago. Updated slightly to be of use to teachers with little experience of conducting field surveys.
ATL skills in the diploma programme - visible not hiddenNigel Gardner
Approaches To Learning Skills are already embedded in the Diploma Programme. The harder part is teasing them out. Thinking about where they are. Constructing our curriculum around skills.
In this first slideshares we look at identifying the ATL skill clusters already in the subject and creating opportunities to support them through BBD thinking.
Topic 2.2 communities and ecosystems photosynthesis and respiration ssNigel Gardner
Topic 2.2 Communities and Ecosystem - Photosynthesis and Respiration for the IB DP Environmental Systems and Societies Course.
The role of photosynthesis in the ecosystems
Limits to photosynthesis in the ecosystem
Respiration in the ecosystem
Foundation of energy flow in the ecosystem
Topic 2.1 for the IB Environmental Systems and Societies course
Species
Habitat
Niche
Joseph Connells Barnacle experiment
Abiotic and Biotic factors
Populations
What regulates populations
Predator Prey relationships
Biotic interactions
Population growth
Competition and population growth
Topic 1.1 environmental value systems for the IB ESS Course.
What is an Environmental Value System?
What influence your EVS?
How are Environmental Values a System?
Spectrum of EVS
Historical Influences on the environmental movement
Case study: Zakouma National Park shifting Environmental Values
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
3. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.4.2: What makes the Tundra biome
Limited Solar Energy
At higher latitudes light required for At the Poles the suns energy
photosynthesis is spread over a greater is spread over a large area
area
At the Equator
the suns energy
is spread over a
small area
4. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.4.2: What makes the Tundra biome
Limited Solar Energy
At higher latitudes light required for At the Poles the suns energy
photosynthesis is spread over a greater is spread over a large area
area
This means the rate of photosynthesis At the Equator
is much lower than at the equator the suns energy
is spread over a
small area
5. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.4.2: What makes the Tundra biome
Limited Solar Energy
At higher latitudes light required for At the Poles the suns energy
photosynthesis is spread over a greater is spread over a large area
area
This means the rate of photosynthesis At the Equator
is much lower than at the equator the suns energy
is spread over a
small area
Therefore GPP is also lower
7. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.4.2: What makes the Tundra biome
Limited Solar Energy
The Earth also tilts at an angle of 23.5˚ Northern Hemisphere
Winter
Southern Hemisphere
Summer
23.5˚
Tilt
8. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.4.2: What makes the Tundra biome
Limited Solar Energy
The Earth also tilts at an angle of 23.5˚ Northern Hemisphere
Winter
Creating summer and winter in each
hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
Summer
23.5˚
Tilt
9. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.4.2: What makes the Tundra biome
Limited Solar Energy
The Earth also tilts at an angle of 23.5˚ Northern Hemisphere
Winter
Creating summer and winter in each
hemisphere
During the Northern Winter almost no
solar energy reaches the high arctic
Southern Hemisphere
Summer
23.5˚
Tilt
10. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.4.2: What makes the Tundra biome
Limited Solar Energy
The Earth also tilts at an angle of 23.5˚ Northern Hemisphere
Winter
Creating summer and winter in each
hemisphere
During the Northern Winter almost no
solar energy reaches the high arctic
This again reduces productivity at the
poles Southern Hemisphere
Summer
23.5˚
Tilt
12. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.4.2: What makes the Tundra biome
Extreme seasonality Temperature (˚c) Precipitation (mm)
Tundra experiences very little 30
“rainfall” - making it the driest
20
terrestrial biome
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
13. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.4.2: What makes the Tundra biome
Extreme seasonality Temperature (˚c) Precipitation (mm)
Tundra experiences very little 30
“rainfall” - making it the driest
20
terrestrial biome
10
Limited solar energy and
excessive albedo effect lead to 0
extreme winter temperatures
-10
-20
-30
-40
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
14. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.4.2: What makes the Tundra biome
Extreme seasonality Temperature (˚c) Precipitation (mm)
Tundra experiences very little 30
“rainfall” - making it the driest
20
terrestrial biome
10
Limited solar energy and
excessive albedo effect lead to 0
extreme winter temperatures
-10
Summers are short but long -20
hours of daylight help to
compensate and slightly extend -30
the “actual” growing season
-40
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
16. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.4.2: What makes the Tundra biome
Survival of the fittest!
Few plants can survive the extreme conditions found in
the tundra
17. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.4.2: What makes the Tundra biome
Survival of the fittest!
Few plants can survive the extreme conditions found in
the tundra
All need adaptations to survive conditions that would
freeze the cells of most plants while managing with very
little moisture
18. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.4.2: What makes the Tundra biome
Survival of the fittest!
Few plants can survive the extreme conditions found in
the tundra
All need adaptations to survive conditions that would
freeze the cells of most plants while managing with very
little moisture
Lichens - a symbiotic associating between a fungus and
a photosynthesising algae are the only available “plant”
biomass during the winter
19. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.4.2: What makes the Tundra biome
Survival of the fittest!
Few plants can survive the extreme conditions found in
the tundra
All need adaptations to survive conditions that would
freeze the cells of most plants while managing with very
little moisture
Lichens - a symbiotic associating between a fungus and
a photosynthesising algae are the only available “plant”
biomass during the winter
Hard tough species like cotton grass manage to grow
during the summer
21. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.5.5: Productivity
Comparison of Net productivity in different Biomes
Tundra Productivity
2500
Plant biomass can the thought of as the
Biomass (g m-2 yr-1)
2000
energy store for the entire ecosystem
1500
1000
500
0
Tropical rain forest
Temperate deciduous forest
Boreal Forest
Savanna
Temperate grassland
Tundra
Based on a table from: Whittaker, R.H. and Likens, G.E. 1975. The biosphere and man. In: Leith, H. and Whittaker,
R.H. (Eds.), Primary Productivity and the Biosphere, Ecological Studies 14, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 305-328.
22. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.5.5: Productivity
Comparison of Net productivity in different Biomes
Tundra Productivity
2500
Plant biomass can the thought of as the
Biomass (g m-2 yr-1)
2000
energy store for the entire ecosystem
1500
With the extreme climate and limited 1000
light Tundra biomass is very low
500
0
Tropical rain forest
Temperate deciduous forest
Boreal Forest
Savanna
Temperate grassland
Tundra
Based on a table from: Whittaker, R.H. and Likens, G.E. 1975. The biosphere and man. In: Leith, H. and Whittaker,
R.H. (Eds.), Primary Productivity and the Biosphere, Ecological Studies 14, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 305-328.
24. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.1.3: Food chains - Tundra food system
Tundra Foodchain
In winter reindeer survive eating lichen,
in particular Cadonia rangiferina (Reindeer
Winter Foodchain
moss) Solar energy
Primary Producer Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer
Reindeer moss Reindeer Grey Wolf
25. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.1.3: Food chains - Tundra food system
Tundra Foodchain
In winter reindeer survive eating lichen,
in particular Cadonia rangiferina (Reindeer
Summer Foodchain
moss) Solar energy
In the summer there is a greater choice
of plants - though all with relatively low
NPP
Primary Producer Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer
Cotton grass Reindeer Grey Wolf
27. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.6: Changes in Ecosystems - Tundra carrying capacity
Tundra Populations Reindeer population - St Matthew Island,
Alaska
6000
Studies of Reindeer populations on islands show:
5000
4000
Population size
3000
2000
1000
1944 1950 1955 1960 1966
Year After Klein 1968
28. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.6: Changes in Ecosystems - Tundra carrying capacity
Tundra Populations Reindeer population - St Matthew Island,
Alaska
6000
Studies of Reindeer populations on islands show:
5000
That the amount of winter food available sets the
carry capacity for that ecosystem 4000
Population size
3000
2000
1000
1944 1950 1955 1960 1966
Year After Klein 1968
29. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.6: Changes in Ecosystems - Tundra carrying capacity
Tundra Populations Reindeer population - St Matthew Island,
Alaska
6000
Studies of Reindeer populations on islands show:
5000
That the amount of winter food available sets the
carry capacity for that ecosystem 4000
Population size
The carrying capacity of the herbivore 3000
population controls the size of any predator
population 2000
1000
1944 1950 1955 1960 1966
Year After Klein 1968
30. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.6: Changes in Ecosystems - Tundra carrying capacity
Tundra Populations Reindeer population - St Matthew Island,
Alaska
6000
Studies of Reindeer populations on islands show:
5000
That the amount of winter food available sets the
carry capacity for that ecosystem 4000
Population size
The carrying capacity of the herbivore 3000
population controls the size of any predator
population 2000
1000
The studies also show that without predation to
control the population, reindeer numbers often
outstrip their food supply 1944 1950 1955 1960 1966
Year After Klein 1968
31. Topic 2: Ecosystems
1.1.6: Feedback in the Reindeer Wolf cycle
Negative Feedback - Wolf and Reindeer
Figures from: Kojola, I., Tuomivaara, J., Heikkinen, S., Heikura, K., Kilpeläinen, K., Keränen, J., Paasivaara, A. & Ruusila,V.
2009: European wild forest reindeer and wolves: endangered prey and predators. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 46: 416–422
32. Topic 2: Ecosystems
1.1.6: Feedback in the Reindeer Wolf cycle
Negative Feedback - Wolf and Reindeer
In parts of Finland Grey Wolf populations changes appear
to follow behind Reindeer population changes
Figures from: Kojola, I., Tuomivaara, J., Heikkinen, S., Heikura, K., Kilpeläinen, K., Keränen, J., Paasivaara, A. & Ruusila,V.
2009: European wild forest reindeer and wolves: endangered prey and predators. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 46: 416–422
33. Topic 2: Ecosystems
1.1.6: Feedback in the Reindeer Wolf cycle
Negative Feedback - Wolf and Reindeer
In parts of Finland Grey Wolf populations changes appear
to follow behind Reindeer population changes
Is this evidence of a Negative feedback - predator / prey
relationship?
Figures from: Kojola, I., Tuomivaara, J., Heikkinen, S., Heikura, K., Kilpeläinen, K., Keränen, J., Paasivaara, A. & Ruusila,V.
2009: European wild forest reindeer and wolves: endangered prey and predators. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 46: 416–422
34. Topic 2: Ecosystems
1.1.6: Feedback in the Reindeer Wolf cycle
Negative Feedback - Wolf and Reindeer
In parts of Finland Grey Wolf populations changes appear
to follow behind Reindeer population changes
Is this evidence of a Negative feedback - predator / prey
relationship?
While the actual answer is more complex - the population
numbers of all predator and prey systems do have an effect
on each other
Figures from: Kojola, I., Tuomivaara, J., Heikkinen, S., Heikura, K., Kilpeläinen, K., Keränen, J., Paasivaara, A. & Ruusila,V.
2009: European wild forest reindeer and wolves: endangered prey and predators. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 46: 416–422
36. Topic 2: Ecosystems
1.1.5: Equilibria - Tundra / Tiaga ecosystems
Ecosystem Stability
Low productivity in the Tundra and Tiaga
leads to short food chains
37. Topic 2: Ecosystems
1.1.5: Equilibria - Tundra / Tiaga ecosystems
Ecosystem Stability
Low productivity in the Tundra and Tiaga
leads to short food chains
This leads to simple foodwebs which can be
prone to disturbance
38. Topic 2: Ecosystems
1.1.5: Equilibria - Tundra / Tiaga ecosystems
Ecosystem Stability
Low productivity in the Tundra and Tiaga
leads to short food chains
This leads to simple foodwebs which can be
prone to disturbance
The Grey Wolf is reliant on only a few prey
species
39. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.1.5: Pyramid structure and Tundra / Tiaga ecosystem
function
Ecosystem Vulnerability - Bioaccumulation
40. Topic 2: Ecosystems
2.1.5: Pyramid structure and Tundra / Tiaga ecosystem
function
Ecosystem Vulnerability - Bioaccumulation
Canadian researchers have found that even
small quantities of POP’s (Persistent Organic
Pollutants) increase dramatically in
concentration up the Lichen - Caribou
(reindeer) - Wolf food chain