Trabajo de Ángela y Lucía, 2ºB.

1. ENERGY
Lucía Aranda Mendoza
Ángela Suárez Cordero
2ºB

2. IN D E X
What's energy?
Types of energy.
Energy sources.
Types of power stations.

3. 1. W h a t ' s e n e r g y ?
Energy is the capacity of an object or an element to do a
work.
The energy of a body can't be created or destroyed.
How to measure the energy:
The energy is measured in joules (J) or Kilojoules (kJ) for
larger quantities of energy.
The heat of energy is measured in calories (cal), or
Kilocalories (kcal).
1 cal = 4.18 J

4. 2. T y p e s o f e n e r g y.
Types of energy Characteristics
● Kinetic energy is the energy that all objets have
Mechanical energy when they're moving.
● Potential energy is the energy that objets have
when they're moved from their stable position of
equilibrium.
Electrical energy The energy that's taken from an electrical current and
make the object work.
The energy that's transported by electromagnetic
Electromacnetic energy waves.
● Luminous energy is generated by the sun or
artificial light.
Sound energy The energy that is transmited by vibrations and sound
waves.
Chemical energy The energy that is stored in substances and can be
released or absorbed during its process.
Nuclear energy The energy that contains the nuclei of atoms and
released during nuclear reactions.
Thermal or calorific energy The energy that comes from vibrations of particles in
matter.

5. 3. E n e r g y s o u r c e s.
Energy sources are natural reserves that provide different forms
of en.ergy, which is transformed for particular uses.
We use many different energy sources
to do work for us. Energy sources are
classified into two groups: non-
renewable and renewable.

6. 3.1. N o n – r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y
s o u r c e s.
Non-renewable energy is the energy that are limited and has a
recreation very slow, so they need million of years to form.
- Nuclear energy:
It is stored in nuclei of atoms.
- Nuclear fusion: when two light nuclei join to
Production form a bigger nucleus.
- Nuclear fission: when a big nucleus is
dividing into two lighter nuclei.
Nuclear power stations use fission energy.
The thermal energy liberated from the reaction
Transformation heats water and the water is convert into
vaporized water. It produces electrical energy.

7. - Coal:
 Open-cast mines: when the coal is
near the surface, soil is extracted to
expose it.
Extraction  Underground mines: when the coal
is deposited in the earth deep below the
surface, it must be mined underground.
 By sea: in big ships.
Transport  By land: usually by train.
 By road: normally by local transport.
 For energy:
- Now adays: to generate electricity in
regular power stations or for central
Uses heating systems.
- Other uses:
-Coke
- Pitch and star.

8. - Petroleum:

The platform built in thr sea is drilled
on land or under the sea.
The petroleum is extracted using
Extraction
pumpsor natural pressure.
The extracted petroleum contains
salt water,rock,mud and gas.

Oil tankers are ships designed
Storege and transport divided oli into separate safety
reasons.
 Oil pipelines are enormous pipes
that lie above ground on the surface
in protected trenches.

Transformation caused of crude oil
Transformation and uses are used in industry and heat
engines.
 Use: fuel, heat engines, fuel oil...

9. - Natural gas:
Extraction Natural gas extraction is expensive. It is
extracted by drilling.
1. Natural gas is transported from gas fields by
gas pipelines.
Storage and transport 2. The gas is transformed into liquid from LNG.
3. It is transported by special ships.
4. When the LNG reaches its destination, it is
returned into a gaseous state.
Uses To produce thermal energy in houses and to
obtain electrical energy.

10. 3.2. R e n e w a b l e e n e r g y s o u r c e s.
Renewable energy come from infinity naturall resources.
Somo of these sources are:
- Hydraulic energy:
1. Water is transformed into knetic energy.
Production 2. This energy moves the turbines.
3. The alternator transforms the knetic
energy into electricity.
Transformation  Rivers with a lot of water
 Rivers in valleys with high grade.
Advantages  It's cheap.
 It's clean.
 It's non-polluting.

Building power stations is very expensive.
 The destroy of villages.
Disadvantages
 Affects the animal and plant's life in the
area.
 Catastrophe.

11. - Solar energy:

To produce hot water by using flat solar
thermal greenhouses and swimming pools.
 To generate electrical energy using solar
Production and
transformation energy.
 To create electrical energy in heliostat fields.

It´s clean
 Big power stations are not needed.
Advantages
 It´s infinite.

Sunlight depends on the season, climate ans
Disadvantages latitude.
 Solar panels are expensive for general use.

12. - Wind energy :
Wind energy is created by the impression of
Production and radiation on the atmosphere.When the wind
transformation energy causes the edge of wind turbine to
move the wind´s kinetic energy is
transformed into electricity.
 It´s unlimited and non-polluting.
The coast of construntion and maintaining a
Advantages
wind farm is low.

There are many regions that haven´t got
Disadvantages much wind.
 It´s are danger for bird.
 Wind turbine produce noise pollution.

13. - Marine energy :
There some means for producting energy from the sea :
Tidial energy can be extracted from the tides.
Wave energy is taking from the movement of the sea wave.
Ocean thermal energy is produced from the difference in
temperature between the exterior of the sea and the low sea.

14. - Geothermal energy :
This energy comes from rhe heat accumulate in the
earth´s crust.If the temperature is under 150º C heat
can be produced and if the temperature is over 150º C
electricity can be created.

15. - Biomass :
This is produced from plant remains, forest and
agricultural waste, high energy plant and organic waste in
waste matter.

16. 4. T y p e s o f p o w e r s t a t i o n s.
- Hydraulic power station:
A hydraulic power station is a system of interconnected
pipelines that carriespressurized liquid that is used to
transmit mechanical power from an energy source, ike a
pump.

17. - Wind power station:
Wind energy is transformed into a useful form of energy,
such as using:
- Wind turbines to make electricity.
- Windmills for mechanical power.
- Windpumps for water pumping.
- Sails to propel ships.
A large wind farm may consist of several hundred
individual of wind turbines which are connected to the
electric power transmission.

18. - Solar power station:
The solar energy is converted into electricity, if it's
directly is used photovoltaics (PV), or if it's indirectly is
used concentrated solar power (CSP).

19. -Nuclear power station:
A nuclear power plant is a thermal power stationin which the heat
source is one or more nuclear reactors.The heat is used to
generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to a
generator which produces electricity.

20. -Thermal power station:
A thermal power station is a power plant in which the mover is
steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and circuit a
steam turbine which drives an electrical generator .After it passes
through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and
recycled to where it was heated.

21. Extra
Do you think wind turbine can produce fresh
water?
It is possible to produce water by wind turbine using the humid
air. One turbine can produce 1000 litres of water per day, of
course, depending of the level of humidity. The mechanism
extract humidity from the air, making rainwater which is
condensed and collected.

22. EN