4. Units of energy
The International System(IS) measured in Joules(J),
Kilojoules(KJ) are used to express larger quantities of energy.
1KJ=1000J
Calories are often used to measured heat energy,
Kilocalories are used to express larger cuantities of heat.
1Kcal= 1000cal
1cal=4.18J
5. TYPES OF ENERGY
Thermal energy: Its the
energy produced by the
temperature of the objects.
This is a example of ocean
temperature of water.
6. Nuclear energy: It,s the Chemical energy: Is the
energy produced by atoms energy produced by the
stored of substances by
chemical processes.
7. Electrical energy: energy that
is associated with the
electricity, when they`re
connected to a supply of
electricity.
8. Electromagnetic: It´s the Sound energy: Its the energy
energy produced by the produced by the vibrations
electromagnetic fenomena. produced by the sound.
9. Mechanical Energy:
-Kinetic energy: is the energy produced by the
movement.
-Potential energy: is the energy relationated with
the heigh, and when the object fall it produced
kinetic energy.
10. ENERGY SOURCES
The energy sources are the resources were we obtain energy.
There are two types of Energy sources, non reneweable and
renewable energy sources. :
-Non-reneweable energy sources:
Nuclear
Coal
Carbon
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Radioactive Material
-Reneweable energy sources:
Hydraulic
Solar
Wind
Marine
Geothermal
11. Non-reneweable energy sources.
NUCLEAR: Nuclear energy is stored in the nucleic of atoms.
-Production:
There are two kinds of produccion of nuclear energy:
Nuclear fusion: This ocurs when two light nucleic join to form
a heavier nucleus.
Nuclear fission: This ocurs when a heavy nucleus is split into
two light nucleus. Its the opposite of nuclear fusion.
-Transformation:
The nuclear energy is transformed in Nuclear power stations:
It is transformed by the rection heats water, it is converted
into steams that move the turbines of a generator and
produce energy.
12. COAL: The coal is a energy source from the remains of plants
that were fossilised in absence of oxygen. Actually it is use to
generate electricity in power stations, for central heating
systems, to pitch anda tar and for cook.
-Extraction:
Open cast mines: When the coal is close to the surface the
soil is remove to expose it.
Undergrounds mines: When the coal is so far to the surface
they make mines wich consists of tunnels that provide
ventilation to prevents accidents.
-Transport:
By land: normally by train because they can carry very large
loads.
By sea: in enormus ships that weigh up more or less 500 000t.
By road: usually use only for local transport.
13. PETROLEUM: The petroleum ocurs by the burning of the remains
of plants and animals that have descomposed by bacteria.
Extraction:
First they locallized where is the petroleum and it is extracted from
the oil rig using pumps. This petroleum isn't purified because it
have salt water, rocks, mud, so then it is purified.
Storage:
Before transport the petroleum it's stored in containers that could
be:
-Oil tankers, are merchants ships designed for the transportation
of petroleum. They usually are larges ships.
-Oil pipelines, are enormus steel pipes.
They are usually used for transportation over
land.
14. Uses of Petroleum
Deriative Uses Examples
Fuel oil To produced
electricity or heating.
Liquid fuels Heat engines Petrol/Diesel
Liquefied gases Fuel Butane and
Methane.
Light components Lubricant, for making Vaseline
cream.
Heavy components To make things Tar
waterproof
15. NATURAL GAS: Natural gas is a mixture of gases from
descompose living beings. It has more than a 70% of
Methane, a 20% of Carbon Dioxide and a 10% of other
hydrocarbons.
Extraction:
It's extracted by driling and it is so expensive.
Storage and transport:
17. The reneweable energy sources are sources that don't finish,
sources that came from unlimited natural resources.
Hydraulic: It is produced by the movement of water, the
advantages are that it's clean, cheap and non-polluted and
the disadvantages building power stations is expensive,
reservoirs take place of productive land, if a dam breaks it
could be a catastrophe and reservoirs can spoil the
landscape.
Solar energy: It is produced by the light from the sun, the
advantages are that it's clean, is not necesary to built big
powers stations and it's unlimithed and the disadvantages
are that sunlight depends on the season and solar panel are
expensives.
18. Wind energy: Energy produce by the wind, when it moves
blades. The advantages are that is not polluted and unlimited
and the cost of a wind farm is low and the disadvantages are
that is also a variable source of energy, like solar energy, wind
turbines are hazard for birds and wind turbines produce noise
pollution.
Marine energy: It is related with the sea, it can be, tidal
energy(extracted from the tides), wave energy(obtain from the
sea waves) and ocean thermal energy(produce by the
difference of temperature between the surface of the ocean to
the deep part.
19. Geothermal energy: Energy related with the heat stored in the
Earth's crust. It can produce heat or electricity, heat if the
temperature is below 150ºC and electricity if it is above 150ºC
Biomass: Energy produce by plants remains and agriculture
waste, for example sunflowers.
20. Environmental impact
Environmental impact is defined as the effect of a certain
action on the environment in its various aspects.
types:
-Most of the energy used in different countries comes from
oil and natural gas. Oil spills in seas, rivers and lakes
produce environmental pollution: damage to marine life
and birds, vegetation and water. In addition, harm fisheries
and recreational beaches.
-Other alternative energy sources is developed that
generates radioactive waste or radioactive contaminants
many, from nuclear reactions or radioactive mineral
deposits of the plants where they are refined or processed
these minerals.
21. -Another is the noise impacts, as the noise produced by
the industry, reduces the hearing and may affect the
circulatory system.
-The mining and mineral processing often produce
negative environmental impacts on air, soil, water, crops,
flora and fauna, and human health. Also can impact both
positively and negatively, in several aspects of the local
economy such as tourism, establishment of new
populations
- Another impact is the emission of greenhouse gases
such as CO2, which are causing climate change.
