Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures into their individual components. It was first discovered in 1906 by Russian biologist Mikhail Tswett and involves passing a mixture through a chromatography column containing a stationary phase. The document discusses various applications of chromatography including using it in the pharmaceutical industry to analyze drug compositions, in hospitals to detect substances in blood, and in environmental testing to identify pollutants. Column chromatography specifically can be used for analytical purposes like separating isomers and diastereomers or purifying compounds for use in manufacturing.

1. Application of column
chromatography in pharmacy
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2. • Chromatography is a process used to
separate mixtures.
• The word chromatography is derived from the Greek
words "khroma" and "graphein" meaning "color" and "to
write" or "to represent".
• The chromatography technique is first discovered by
Russian Biologists, Dr. Michael Tswett in 1906 for the
separation of colored plant pigment on a column of
alumina.
• Now-a-days various types of chromatography are used
to separate almost any given mixture whether colored
or colorless into its component.

3. • Chromatography may be regarded as an analytical
technique employed for the purification and
separation of organic and inorganic substances.
• It is also found useful for the fractionation
of complex mixture, separation of closely related
compounds, such as isomers and in the isolation of
unstable substances.

4. Applications of Chromatography:
• Chromatographic methods will separate ionic species,
inorganic or organic, and molecular species ranging in
size from the lightest and smallest, helium and
hydrogen, to particulate matter such as single cells.
• Chromatography will separate several hundreds
of components of unknown identity and unknown
concentrations, leaving the components unchanged.
• Amounts in the picogram or parts per billion ranges can
be detected with some detectors.

5. Column Chromatography

6. General uses of chromatography
in our real life are:
• Pharmaceutical Company – determine amount of each
chemical found in new product.
• Hospital – detect blood or alcohol levels in a patient’s
blood stream.
• Law Enforcement – to compare a sample found at a
crime scene to samples from suspects.
• Environmental Agency – determine the level of
pollutants in the water supply.

7. • Manufacturing Plant – to purify a chemical needed to
make a product.
• Biotechnology industry – establishing the purity or
concentration of compounds in biotechnological
research.

8. • Biological application – Chromatography has many
applications in biology. It is used to separate and
identify amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids,
and other natural substances. Environmental testing
laboratories use chromatography to identify trace
quantities of contaminants such as PCBs in waste oil
and pesticides such as DDT in groundwater. It is
also used to test drinking water and test air quality.
Pharmaceutical companies use chromatography to
prepare quantities of extremely pure materials. The
food industry uses chromatography to detect
contaminants such as aflatoxin.

9. Application of
Column Chromatography:

10. 1. Analytical uses: For analytical purposes,
column chromatography finds limited applications.
Vestergaard and Sayegh could separate seven urinary
steroids within 5 hours which requires 36 hours on a
normal column. They have used narrow Teflon
tubing packed with aluminum oxide or silica gel.
2. Separation of geometrical isomers: The separation
of cis/trans isomer is based on the steric factors.
Isomers whose functional groups can approach the
surface of the adsorbent more easily are more
strongly adsorbed.
3.Separation of Diastereomers.

11. • 4. Separation of tautomeric mixtures.
• 5. Separation of racemates

12. For More Information
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