The document describes a 4-stage process for extracting alkaloids from plant materials: 1) The plant material is rendered alkaline by mixing with substances like lime or ammonia to free alkaloids from acids and tannins. 2) The freed alkaloids are then extracted using an organic solvent like chloroform through hot percolation. 3) The solvent extract is shaken with dilute sulfuric acid, converting alkaloids to alkaloidal sulfates water-soluble in water. 4) The aqueous solution is made alkaline with ammonia, precipitating the free alkaloids while ammonium sulfates remain in solution.

1. EXTRACTION OF ALKALOIDS
EXTRACTION OF ALKALOID
STAS-OTTO •The technique distribution of METHOD involve alkaloidal the bases between
acid or aqueous solution and immiscible organic solvent.
Method I: A) stage1:--Powdered material is moistened with water and mixed with alkali like
sodium & potassium carbonate, ammonia, lime. Make a paste with water, dry ,repowder.
Concept :--Lime(calcium hydroxide),combines with acid , tannins, and other phenolic
substances and sets free alkaloids.
Powdered drug Containing alkaloidal salts Defatted if necessary Moisten & render alkaline
with Na2CO3, lime, NH3 Free alkaloids Exhaust with org. Solvent like chcl3, ether Total
extracts Conc. & Shake with acid like dil. H2so4 Aq. Acid soln (Alkaloidal salts) Make alkaline
extract with immisicible solvent Residual organic fraction (Pigments, fats & weak bases or
chloroform soluble alkaloids sulphates) Residual aq. Fraction organic soln (alkaloidal bases)
Remove solvent crude alkaloidal mixture
B).Stage2:-- extract the free alkaloids by hot continous percolation with chloroform or any
other organic solvents.
Concept :-the free alkaloids dissolve together with other substances soluble in solvent. 
C).Stage3:--agitate the chloroform soln. With successive portion of dil.Sulphuric acid
separating the aqueous layer before adding the next portion of acid.
Concept :-the alkaloids are converted into alkaloidal sulphates, which being soluble in
water,pass into aqeous layer.
D)Stage4:--Make the mixed aqueous liquid alkaline with ammonia, collect the precipitate that
forms, wash with water and dry.
Concept :- Ammonia decomposes the alkaloidal sulphates forming ammonium sulphates
,soluble in water ,and the free alkaloid which being practically insoluble in water is precipitated.