Antibacterial agents interfere with bacterial growth and reproduction by attacking bacteria. They include chemicals like chlorine, heat, and antibiotic drugs. Antibacterials are commonly used to disinfect surfaces and eliminate harmful bacteria. They are classified based on how they inhibit cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, or bacterial nucleic acid synthesis. Antibacterials can directly dissolve bacterial cells or penetrate their walls and inactivate membrane transport systems to prevent nutrient uptake and survival. Bactericidal agents directly kill bacteria by disrupting cell walls or inhibiting formation of new cells. Bacteriostatic agents inhibit bacterial growth and multiplication by obstructing metabolic mechanisms like protein synthesis without outright cell death.

1. ANTIBACTERIAL
CHEMICALS

2. Antibacterial is an agent that interferes with the growth and reproduction of bacteria.
These agents kill or prevent bacteria by fighting against bacterial.
Heat, chemicals such as chlorine, and all antibiotic drugs have antibacterial
properties.
Antibiotics and antibacterials both attack bacteria.
Antibacterials are now most commonly described as agents used to disinfect
surfaces and eliminate potentially harmful bacteria.
Bacteriostats, disinfectants, sanitizers and sterilizers are different groups of
antibacterials.
Antibacterials are classified based on Inhibition of cell wall synthesis, Inhibition of
protein synthesis, Inhibition of bacterial nucleic acid synthesis

3. Modes Of Action
Some antiseptics, such as alcohols and quaternary ammonium compounds, act directly on
microbial cells to dissolve them.
Others may penetrate the cells and cause the release of amino acids, nuclear material, and
other important chemical constituents.
Some compounds penetrate microbial cell walls and inactivate essential membrane transport
systems so that the cells can no longer obtain the nutrients necessary for them to survive and to
reproduce.
Others coagulate certain vital materials in cells, thereby destroying the microorganisms.
A few agents disrupt the metabolism of the cells so that they can no
longer assimilate nutrients; as a result, the cells starve and die.

4. BACTERICIDAL
The main defining feature of a bactericidal substance is that these antimicrobial treatments
directly kill bacteria.
These agents “attack” microbes by affecting the cell wall, lipids, enzymes, or protein
synthesis within the cell – sometimes even completing a combination of these mechanisms.
By disrupting the cell wall structure of existing cells and inhibiting the formation of new
cells, bactericidal substances cause bacterial cells to die off, therefore decreasing the amount
found in the individual affected.
Bactericidal technologies contribute to irreversible cell death and are often chosen for
materials that will be used in healthcare facilities where complete kill is targeted to maintain
aseptic environments.

5. BACTERIOSTATIC
Bacteriostatic treatments differ from bactericidal versions in that they inhibit the growth and
multiplications of bacterial cells, rather than directly kill them.
Bacteriostatic agents can achieve this by obstructing the metabolic mechanisms of the bacterial
cell, in most cases targeting the protein synthesis.
While doing this does not cause outright cell death, it does effectively inhibit further growth and
DNA replication of the bacterial cells.
When bacteriostatic agents are utilized, the treatment will regulate the number of bacterial cells.
While the bacteria will not be eliminated, their numbers will not increase.
Essentially, bacteriostatic treatments effectively keep bacterial cells from replicating.
Bacteriostatic substances produce reversible results.
Very high treatment levels of bacteriostatic agents may eventually result in bactericidal
characteristics – irreversible action and/or cell death.