Anthropometry is the study of human body measurements and proportions. It involves measuring dimensions such as height, weight, limb lengths, widths, and depths to identify physical characteristics. Some key applications of anthropometry include criminal identification, racial differentiation, ergonomic design, and monitoring growth and nutrition levels in populations. Modern anthropometry utilizes 3D body scanning and digital modeling to capture a comprehensive set of body measurements for applications in forensics, biometrics, clothing fit, and healthcare.
This topic is meant for the study purpose for the final year undergraduate Physiotherapy students, who are studying under The Tamilnadu Dr.MGR Medical University (Govt University).
food intake varies with every type of individual, so here are some food tips which can keep you healthy, stay fit and delay the age occurring degeneration, though along with proper food intake exercise is must.
Tone is a normal characteristic of muscle physiology and defined as “ normal degree of vigour and tension: in muscle, the resistance to passive elongation or stretch”. Increase in tone known as hypertonocity. The problem like C.P and stroke are basically suffer hypertonicity. The orthoses help to reduce the tone is known as tone reducing orthoses. These orthosis are follows the principles of NDT mechanism and neurophysiology, so its also known as neurophysiological AFO.
This topic is meant for the study purpose for the final year undergraduate Physiotherapy students, who are studying under The Tamilnadu Dr.MGR Medical University (Govt University).
food intake varies with every type of individual, so here are some food tips which can keep you healthy, stay fit and delay the age occurring degeneration, though along with proper food intake exercise is must.
Tone is a normal characteristic of muscle physiology and defined as “ normal degree of vigour and tension: in muscle, the resistance to passive elongation or stretch”. Increase in tone known as hypertonocity. The problem like C.P and stroke are basically suffer hypertonicity. The orthoses help to reduce the tone is known as tone reducing orthoses. These orthosis are follows the principles of NDT mechanism and neurophysiology, so its also known as neurophysiological AFO.
it contains information about the important measurements , the vital signs, head, eyes, ears, nose , mouth and throat, neck, chest, breast and abdomen of a newborn. You'll find the normal and the abnormal findings on each category.
Sonal Gupta, 1 Year Residential Design Diplomadezyneecole
This Project Has Been Developed By the Student of Dezyne E' cole College Doing Her Interior Design Studies One Year Residential Design Diploma Programm
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CHAPTER 3ANTHROPOMETRYLEARNING OBJECTIVESAt the end of the c.docxspoonerneddy
CHAPTER 3
ANTHROPOMETRY
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the chapter, students will have the ability to describe anthropometry, identify the best ergonomic design principle for a given situation, demonstrate how to use anthropometric data tables, and apply anthropometric principles to a workplace design.
INTRODUCTION
In basic terms, anthropometry is the measurement of the physical attributes of humans. Over time, the body dimensions of the human population have changed. In general, people have become taller and heavier than in the past. There is currently an obesity epidemic in the United States (US), and the result is that people are much heavier compared with the population around the 1930s and 1940s. This chapter is not concerned with how people in the US got to this point, rather how the tools people use must be changed to accommodate this heavier population.
In addition to these sorts of changes, the people who work within a population also change. In the early 1980s, a large number of female workers began working in heavy industries. At that time, safety equipment had not yet been adapted yet for smaller females. In one particular instance, a female with size 6 shoe was hired by a chemical company. Because size 6 female chemical boots were not available, the worker had to wear male size 7 chemical boots. This caused a big problem for the worker who had to walk and work in these boots. A female size 6 shoe is 8.9 in. in length. A male size 7 shoe is 9.7 in. in length. This is almost an inch difference, and makes a tremendous difference for the person wearing the shoes. This condition did not change until the mid-1980s. Now work boots of all sizes can be found.
It is obvious that ancient peoples used anthropometry of sorts to adapt tools and clothing to their needs. Even today, consumer goods such as clothing, appliances, cars, and tools are the biggest producers of anthropometric data. Though, in many instances, products adapted to one individual are still produced. Take a tailored article of clothing. In this case, the individual is measured and the product designed and manufactured from these data.
The savant, Alphonse Bertillon (born 1853), gave this name in 1883 to a system of identification depending on the unchanging character of certain measurements of parts of the human frame (Rhodes, 1956). He found by studying patient inquiry that several measures of physical features, along with dimensions of certain bones or bony structures in the body, remain fairly constant throughout adult life.
He concluded that when these measurements were made and recorded systematically every single individual would be found to be perfectly distinguishable from others. The system was soon adapted to police methods when crime fighters found value in being able to fix a person's identity. It prevented false impersonation and brought home, to any one charged with an offense, a person's responsibility for a wrongdoing. After its introduction in France in .
Stature Estimation from Index and Ring Finger in Kashmiri PopulationAJASTJournal
Background: Estimation of stature plays a very important role in personal identification and medico legal examination in activities like mass disaster, bomb explosive, air crash, terror etc. For the purpose of identification, it becomes quite easy when whole of the body is available but in cases where the only the fragments of body found, it becomes extreme difficult to continue with the process of identification. Aim: The aim of this study is to find regression equation through hand various measurements particularly in Kashmiri Pandit’s with pure trait residing in territory of Jammu, India. Subject and Method: For this study, 126 females and 144 males with age groups 20-45 years were taken. Length of both the hand was done with the help of vernier caliper from bracelet crease to the tip of middle finger, length of index and ring finger was measured from proximal flexion to their respective tips while the hand breadth was taken with vernier caliper from meta carpel radiale to meta carpel ulnar. The total height of the individual was measured with anthropometric scale and all these measurements were done after informed consent. Data was analyzed with the help of SPSS-16 using basic statistics -linear regression, multiple regression and t-test. Results: Significant co-relations between stature and entire hand dimensions were established except the hand breadth. The highest co relation with the stature was observed with hand length and ring finger than the other variables. Linear and multiple regression were calculated separately for males and females. Conclusion: The present study has provided with regression equations from various hand parameters that can be applied for stature estimation only in Kashmiri Pandit population only.
Anthropometry is the measurement of the dimensions of the body and other physical characteristics. In Korea the 1st National Sizing survey was conducted in 1979 by Korean Govt. division. The Korean agency for technology & standards (KATS,1979). At that time, data was collected from 17000 sample individuals between 6-50 years. A total number of 117 measurements dimension associated with men’s wear, females wear, brassieres, socks etc. Then Korean Govt. has been presenting a National survey in every 5/6 years. The survey of 1986, 1992, 1997, 2003 & 2010 was established by maintaining sequences.
The Size Korea survey which was conducted in 2010. A total of 14,200 civilians aged 7-69 years participated in the survey with 139 body and weight dimensions (in cm) measured in 2010. Twenty new dimensions from In-body measurement were added in 2010 and the data were continuously updated in Korean standard KSK0051 to KSK0053.
At Howard University College of Medicine, many educators firmly believe that medical student, potential physicians should have access to the human body in their training. Dr. Mohammed Aziz presented this lecture at Hopkins University, May, 2018.
Stafford L Battle assisted in the development of this PowerPoint presentation.
Reliability of Three-dimensional Photonic Scanner Anthropometry Performed by ...CSCJournals
This work explored the relative and absolute reliability of three-dimensional (3D) anthropometry performed by skilled and naïve operators using a fast, pose tolerant whole-body 3D scanner device. Upon skin landmarking by an experienced operator (skilled anthropometrist, SA), twelve subjects (six males and six females) underwent a thorough 3D anthropometric evaluation by the SA and two naïve operators (NA). Using the same landmarks, the SA also performed traditional anthropometry measurements. All measurements were taken twice. Relative reliability was tested with the Pearson’s correlation coefficient r and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); absolute reliability was tested calculating the percentage coefficient of variation (%CV), the standard error of measurement (SEM), the percentage technical error of measurement (%TEM), and paired Student’s t test. Results showed that intra-operator relative and absolute reliability was excellent for all and most 3D measurement items, respectively, independently of the operator’s skill. Inter-operator (SA vs. individual NA) relative reliability was excellent as well; inter-operator absolute reliability was not acceptable for about only 30% of measurement items. Results of this work show that 3D anthropometry has strong potential in anthropometry due to high intrinsic reliability and less need for operator training vs. traditional anthropometry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
Anthropometry pps
1. Anthropometry
By : Aamir Rauf Memon
2nd Year DPT Student
1
2. What is Anthropometry?
Greek
Anthro- : man
-pometry: measurements
Literal meaning: “measurement of humans”
The study of measurements or proportions
of the human body according to sex, age,
etc. for identification purposes
Dimensions of bones, muscles, and adipose
(fat) tissues
2
3. Definition of Anthropometry
Anthrop(s) = human
Metricos = of or pertaining to measurement
Basic Definition
The science of measurement of body size [NASA, 1978].
Detailed Definition
“The application of scientific methods to human subjects
for the development of design standards & specific
requirements and for the evaluation of engineering
drawings, mock-ups & manufactured products for the
purposes of assuring the suitability of these products for
the intended user population.”
[Roebuck, Kroemer & Thompson, 1975].
3
4. Definition of Anthropometry
“Anthropometry is a science that deals
with the measurement of size, weight, and
proportions of the human body. It is
empirical (experimentally derived) in
nature and has developed quantitative
methods to measure various physical
dimensions.” (Chaffin, 1984)
4
5. Historical Perspective
13th century Marco Polo noticed different
body sizes and shapes of new races
Physical Anthropology traced to him
Leonardo da Vinci (The Vitruvian Man,
1485)
Standards start to show in 1906 (Monaco)
and 1912 (Geneva)
Anthropology branch of US Air Force had
dramatic impact
5
6. History of Anthropometry
1883- Alphonse Bertillon: system of
identification depending on the unchanging
character of certain measurements of parts of
the human body
1884: 241 multiple offenders were identified
“Bertillonage”- first adapted by the French
police
1887: introduced in the United States by Major
McClaughry, the translator of Bertillon's book,
when he was the warden of the Illinois State
Penitentiary at Joliet.
6
7. History of Anthropometry
1888: Francis Galton starts research on
“Finger Prints” to further anthropometry
1892: Francis Galton publishes Finger
Prints
1894: England adopted the system.
1903: Will West & William West
7
8. Galton’s Discovery because of
Anthropometry?
“My attention was first drawn to the ridges in 1888 when
preparing a lecture on Personal Identification for the Royal
Institution, which had for its principal object an account of the
anthropometric method of Bertillon, then newly introduced into
the prison administration of France. Wishing to treat the subject
generally, and having a vague knowledge of the value
sometimes assigned to finger marks, I made inquiries, and was
surprised to find, both how much had been done, and how much
there remained to do, before establishing their theoretical value
and practical utility.
Enough was then seen to show that the subject was of real
importance, and I resolved to investigate it; all the more so, as
the modern processes of photographic printing would enable the
evidence of such results as might be arrived at, to be presented
to the reader on an enlarged and easily legible form, and in a
trustworthy shape. Those that are put forward in the following
pages, admit of considerable extension and improvement, and it
is only the fact that an account of them seems useful, which
causes me to delay no further before submitting what has thus
far been attained, to the criticism of others.” 8
9. Applications of Anthropometry
Identification of repeated criminals
Cesare Lombroso's Criminal Anthropology (1895):
“murderers have prominent jaws and pickpockets have
long hands and scanty beards”.
Eugene Vidocq: identification of criminals by facial
characteristics
Prevention of impersonation
Differentiation between the races
Eugenics in Europe
Aryans from Jews: The Bureau for Enlightenment on Population Policy
and Racial Welfare recommended the classification of Aryans and non-
Aryans on the basis of measurements of the skull and other physical
features, “craniometric” certification, required by law. The
consequences for not meeting requirements included denial of
permission to marry or work, and for many it meant the death camps
Intelligence tests became associated with Anthropometry
9
11. Body Identification using
Anthropometry
Bertillon used 5 basic measurements:
head length
head breadth
length of middle finger
Length of left foot
length from the elbow to the extremity of the middle finger
Today that list is more extensive:
Gender
Height
Weight
Age
Bicep circumference, buttock depth, chest breadth, elbow
circumference, eye height, forearm to hand, ear breadth, head
circumference, head length, hip breadth sitting, hip breadth standing,
sitting height, waist depth, wrist breadth, wrist circumference to name
a few…there are currently 107 measurements
11
12. Measurements
Weight
Height
Length and stature or height
Mid Upper Arm Circumference MUAC
Characteristics we need:
easy
cheap
acceptable
reproducible
12
13. Measurements
Reference planes
Taken between solid identifiable bony
landmarks in standard anatomical
positions
Anthropometric measuring kits
3-D body scanning (esp. for functional
anthropometry)
Motion capture systems
Develop regression models with statistical
relationships 13
14. Measurement Techniques
1-Classical
or Linear Measurement
Deals with simple dimensions
of the stationary human being
(weight, stature & lengths,
breadths, depths &
circumferences of particular
body structures).
• Measurements of height,
breadth, depth, distance
curvature, circumference and
reach
• Grid, anthropometer,
calipers, measuring tape, scale
• Simple but time consuming
14
18. WEIGHT
Sensitive to changes
Changes in two directions up and down
Fast change
Usually easy to collect
Standardisation of scales needed, calibration
Small changes are difficult to measure: food
intake of the child, urine, dehydration, temp,
etc: not very specific
community aversion: connotations
can be difficult: co-operation of children
to nearest 100 gr.
18
23. Height
Difficult to measure, accuracy, large
variations
Differences are small: 24 cm increment in the
first year of life, 11 cm second year, 8 third
Low sensitivity
Large measurement errors
Stunted versus stunting
stunted is a heterogeneous group
stunting is the active process: determinants are
acting
Measure to the nearest mm
Below 2 recumbent, above standing
23
28. Anthropometric Measuring
Techniques
Weight
Stature
Posture:
Standing
Frankfort
Sitting
Arm Span
Head Length
Head Breadth
Ear-to-Head Height
Nasal Length
Nasal Breadth
Skeletal Index = Sitting Height x 100/Stature
Cephalic Index = Head Breadth x 100/Head Length
Nasal Index = Nasal Breadth x 100/Nasal Length
Span/Stature Index = Arm Span x 100/ Stature
Cranial Capacity 28
36. Anthropometry Today
Biometrics
Nutrition and wellness
Weight Training
Ergonomics
dynamic anthropometry: Measurements taken on and
around the figure when it is in any position other than
the fixed ones.
Everyday life
Evolutionary Significance
Changes in humans overtime
Monitor growth in children
Cranial Anthropometry 36
37. Functional(Dynamic) Anthropometry
“Deals with compound
measurements of the
moving human being.”
Work space Envelope: Is
the three dimensional
apace within which an
individual works,
especially with his hands.
Squat Height
Crawling length
37
39. Biometrics in Use
Heathrow Airport- Iris
BenGurion Airport: FacePass: Face
Hand Geometry Verification
Grocery Store Payment:
Fingerprint US- Visit Program
INSPASS: Hand
39
Geometry
40. Cranial Anthropometry
Also known as Craniometry
measurement of the skull and face
3 ways to categorize the skull
dolichocephalic: long and thin
brachycephalic: short and broad
mesocephalic: intermediate length and
breadth
40
41. 3- D Anthropometry
3D anthropometry, the measure of humans, can be greatly aided by the
use of accurate digital humans. We'll take a look at how to create these
types of accurate digital humans and how they can be used for the
measurement of entire populations
Programs:
Cyberware
DigiSize
CySlice
Ear Impression 3-D Scanner
SizeUSA: 3D measurement system, a body scanner feeding data
into measurement extraction software.
CAESAR: generate a database of human physical dimensions for
men and women of various weights, between the ages of 18 and 65
Virtual Models: virtually try on clothes, makeup etc.
41
45. Use of Anthropometry
Individual Level
SCREENING: ONE TIME ASSESSMENT
to immediately decrease case fatality (emergency
situations)
in non-emergency situations
GROWTH MONITORING: TREND ASSESSMENT
Population Level
ONE TIME ASSESSMENT
under circumstances of food crisis
for long-term planning
NUTRITIONAL SURVEILLANCE: TREND ASSESSMENT
for long-term planning
for timely warning
for programme management 45
46. Sources of Anthropometric Variability
1. Interindividual Variation
Resulting for DNA (Genotype/Phenotype)
Environment
Altitude, temperature, sunlight, soil type
Nutrition
Ethnicity/Race
2. Intraindividual Variation
Aging
Growing years – increase in stature, weight, and other
dimensions
Early adulthood – dimensions remain somewhat stable
Later years – decrease in height, increase in circumference
and external diameters of bones
Daily stature variation
Age, health, strength
46
47. The Story of Lacy and
Andrew
Does one size fit all?
Lacy is 4’ 10” (147 cm)
Andrew is 6’ 10” (208 cm)
47