This document discusses propulsion using magneto hydrodynamics with various materials. It begins with an introduction to magneto hydrodynamics and defines it as the study of electrically conducting fluids in magnetic and electric fields. It then covers the principles and methodology, features, advantages, and disadvantages of MHD. Applications are also mentioned, such as using MHD generators for power production and in submarines, aircraft, rockets, and power plants due to benefits like high efficiency, reliability, and ability to rapidly start up. Costs are estimated for building an MHD propulsion system and challenges are noted around needing high-purity materials and risks of corrosion and power losses at high temperatures.

1. SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM
SCHOOL OF ENGEERING & TECHNOLOGY

2. PROPULSION OF MAGNETO HYDRO DYNAMICS
BY USING VARIOUS MATERIALS
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
J. VENKATESHU NAIK M-Tech, (PhD)
P.S. THASLEEM (1376017)
CH. MONIKA SAI (1376010)

3. 1. Introduction
2. Principle
3. Methodology
4. Features
5. Advantages
6. Disadvantages
7. Applications

4. Magneto hydrodynamics (MHD)
(magneto fluid dynamics or hydro
magnetic) is the academic
discipline which studies the dynamics of
electrically conducting fluids. Examples
of such fluids include plasmas, liquid
metals, and salt water. The
word magneto hydro dynamics (MHD) is
derived from magneto-
meaning magnetic field, and hydro-
meaning liquid, and -dynamics meaning
movement. The field of MHD was
initiated by Hannes Alfvén , for which he
received the Nobel Prize in Physics in
1970 .
Hannes Alfvén

5.  MHD power generation is a new system of electric power generation which is
said to be of high efficiency and low pollution. In advanced countries MHD
generators are widely used but in developing countries like in India it is still
under construction.
 Eighty percent of total electricity production in the world, is hydal, While
remaining 20% is production from nuclear, thermal, solar, geothermal energy
and from magneto hydrodynamics(MHD) generators.
 This construction work is in progress at Trichi in Tamilnadu under joint efforts
of BARC( Bhabha Atomic Research Center) BHEL, Associated Cement Corporation
( ACC) and Russian technologists.
 As it’s name implies, magneto hydro dynamics (MHD) is concerned with the flow
of a conducting fluid in the presence of magnetic and electric field.

6.  This effect is a result of FARADAYS LAWS OF ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION. The induced
EMF is given by
Eind = u x B
where
u = velocity of the conductor.
B = magnetic field intensity.
 The induced current is given by,
Jind = C x Eind
where
C = electric conductivity.
 The retarding force on the conductor is the Lorentz force given by
Find = Jind X B

7.  The electro magnetic induction principle is not limited to solid
conductors. The movement of a conducting fluid through a magnetic
field can also generate electrical energy.
 When a fluid is used for the energy conversion technique, it is called
MAGNETO HYDRO DYNAMIC (MHD), energy conversion.
 The flow direction is right angles to the magnetic fields direction. An
electromotive force (or electric voltage) is induced in the direction at
right angles to both flow and field directions, as shown in the next
slide.

8.  The basic principle of magneto-hydro dynamics is that a purely
electrical input can be used to produced a mechanical output using
high current through a dielectric material in the presence of a
magnetic field.
 Essentially, each charge feels a force imparted upon it to move based
on the right hand rule.
 Below is the equation that will determine the force that will be out
put for the given inputs. This force is known as the Lorentz force and
the equation known as Lorentz law:
F = I * LxB

9.  The Lorentz Force equation is the main drive behind the MHD
propulsion system.
Ideally, a high current moving through the entire magnetic field well
create the desired force.
 In this illustration, disk magnets are used to create the magnetic field
and rectangular contacts ae used to conduct the power supply
current.

11. ITEMS: COST
BIKE BATTERY - 1000
COPPER, ALUMINIUM,ZINC SHEETS - 800
MAGNETS - 400
WIRES (6mts) - 500
OTHER ACCESSORIES - 1000
TOTAL - 3,700/-

12.  The conversion efficiency of MHD system can be around 50% much
higher compare to the most efficient steam plants.
 It is possible to use MHD for peak power generations and emergency
services.
 It has been estimated that MHD equipment of such duties is simpler,
has capability of generating in large units and has the ability to make
rapid start to full load.

13.  The on and off times is about seconds.
 There are no moving parts, it is very reliable to use.
 MHD generators has high thermal efficiency.
 It is direct conversion device.
 It can produce large amount of power.

14.  They need high pure superconductors.
 The loss of power is very high.
 The components get high corrosion due to high working
temperature.

15.  The MHD generator are used to power submarines and
aircraft.
 Electrical power production for domestic application.
 They are used in pulsed detonation rocket engine(PDRE) for
space application.
 They can be used in power plants in industry and
uninterrupted power supply system.

16. THANK YOU