Case Study of MHD Generator for Power Generation and High Speed PropulsionIJMER
The main scope of the project is calculating the output power or the capacity of Eco-friendly Magneto Hydrodynamic Generator. Capacity of Thermal power station in India is compared with Eco-MHD. Modern society requires a variety of goods and services which require energy as the diversity of range of services increases so is the demand for energy. Electrical energy because of its versatility takes major share. About 75% of electrical energy is generated by thermal stations .Coal has to be
transported to thermal stations located away from coalfields by railways and power has to be transmitted over large distances from pithead stations. These problems can be eliminated or reduced by converting coal into SNG (synthetic natural gas) at pithead and transporting the gas by pipe-grid to all thermal stations. The efficiency of power station can be increased by adopting combined cycle.
Topping combined cycle by MHD generators failed to materialize Eco friendly Magneto hydrodynamic
generator is now suggested for development as a topping addition for combined cycle to further improve the efficiency.
analysis of magneto hydrodynamic propulsions by using various materialsRoja Rani
The basic principle of magneto-hydro dynamics is that a purely electrical input can be used to produced a mechanical output using high current through a dielectric material in the presence of a magnetic field.
Essentially, each charge feels a force imparted upon it to move based on the right hand rule.
Below is the equation that will determine the force that will be out put for the given inputs. This force is known as the Lorentz force and the equation known as Lorentz law F = I * LxB
Case Study of MHD Generator for Power Generation and High Speed PropulsionIJMER
The main scope of the project is calculating the output power or the capacity of Eco-friendly Magneto Hydrodynamic Generator. Capacity of Thermal power station in India is compared with Eco-MHD. Modern society requires a variety of goods and services which require energy as the diversity of range of services increases so is the demand for energy. Electrical energy because of its versatility takes major share. About 75% of electrical energy is generated by thermal stations .Coal has to be
transported to thermal stations located away from coalfields by railways and power has to be transmitted over large distances from pithead stations. These problems can be eliminated or reduced by converting coal into SNG (synthetic natural gas) at pithead and transporting the gas by pipe-grid to all thermal stations. The efficiency of power station can be increased by adopting combined cycle.
Topping combined cycle by MHD generators failed to materialize Eco friendly Magneto hydrodynamic
generator is now suggested for development as a topping addition for combined cycle to further improve the efficiency.
analysis of magneto hydrodynamic propulsions by using various materialsRoja Rani
The basic principle of magneto-hydro dynamics is that a purely electrical input can be used to produced a mechanical output using high current through a dielectric material in the presence of a magnetic field.
Essentially, each charge feels a force imparted upon it to move based on the right hand rule.
Below is the equation that will determine the force that will be out put for the given inputs. This force is known as the Lorentz force and the equation known as Lorentz law F = I * LxB
This Project was directed at creating an integrated electric motor and eddy current brake. This combination is designed to be used in the automotive industry as an electric all-wheel drive system that can be managed by available traction and stability control technology. This project addresses the physical concept of using an induced electromagnetic field to slow the proposed vehicle speed. The main goal is lessening the lifetime maintenance of a vehicle and eliminating several high maintenance items. This system is designed as a “frictionless” system and although it is not completely frictionless it eliminates the need for standard hydraulic brake pads and rotors which wear and fail due to friction material loss. This saves the consumer's time and money in maintenance.
Magnetic Levitation is a method by which we can levitated an object with no support, other than magnetic field.
since it is a old theory but there still research is going on in this topic.now it is used in maglev train,maglev bearing and product display purpose.
This project of Maglev windmill on the implementation of an alternate configuration of a wind turbine for power generation purposes. Using the effects of magnetic repulsion, spiral shaped wind turbine blades will be fitted on a rod for stability during rotation and suspended on magnets as a replacement for ball bearings which are normally used on conventional wind turbines. Power will then be generated with an axial flux generator, which incorporates the use of permanent magnets and a set of coils.
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Magneto hydro dynamic (mhd) power generationHemanth Duru
MHD Power Generation Is a Direct Energy conversion System Which Converts Heat Energy into Electrical Energy Without Any Intermediate stage(i.e Mechanical Energy).
It is a new technology which helps us to reach our world power demands.
It Partially Used in Developed Countries like USSR,USA,Japan.
It is in Under construction in Developing countries like India etc.
Its Losses are Less.
Initial Cost Is High.
An eddy current brake, like a conventional friction brake, is a device used to slow or stop a moving object by dissipating its kinetic energy as heat. However, unlike electro-mechanical brakes, in which the drag force used to stop the moving object is provided by friction between two surfaces pressed together, in an eddy current brake the drag force is an electromagnetic force between a magnet and a nearby conductive object in relative motion, due to eddy currents induced in the conductor through electromagnetic induction. A conductive surface moving past a stationary magnet will have circular electric currents called eddy currents induced in it by the magnetic field, due to Faraday's law of induction. By Lenz's law, the circulating currents will create their own magnetic field which opposes the field of the magnet. Thus the moving conductor will experience a drag force from the magnet that opposes its motion, proportional to its velocity. The electrical energy of the eddy currents is dissipated as heat due to the electrical resistance of the conductor. In an electromagnetic brake the magnetic field may be created by a permanent magnet, or anelectromagnet so the braking force can be turned on and off or varied by varying the electric current in the electromagnet's windings. Another advantage is that since the brake does not work by friction, there are no brake shoe surfaces to wear out, necessitating replacement, as with friction brakes. A disadvantage is that since the braking force is proportional to velocity the brake has no holding force when the moving object is stationary, as is provided by static friction in a friction brake, so in vehicles it must be supplemented by a friction brake. Eddy current brakes are used to slow high-speed trains and roller coasters, to stop powered tools quickly when power is turned off, and in electric meters used by electric utilities.
This Project was directed at creating an integrated electric motor and eddy current brake. This combination is designed to be used in the automotive industry as an electric all-wheel drive system that can be managed by available traction and stability control technology. This project addresses the physical concept of using an induced electromagnetic field to slow the proposed vehicle speed. The main goal is lessening the lifetime maintenance of a vehicle and eliminating several high maintenance items. This system is designed as a “frictionless” system and although it is not completely frictionless it eliminates the need for standard hydraulic brake pads and rotors which wear and fail due to friction material loss. This saves the consumer's time and money in maintenance.
Magnetic Levitation is a method by which we can levitated an object with no support, other than magnetic field.
since it is a old theory but there still research is going on in this topic.now it is used in maglev train,maglev bearing and product display purpose.
This project of Maglev windmill on the implementation of an alternate configuration of a wind turbine for power generation purposes. Using the effects of magnetic repulsion, spiral shaped wind turbine blades will be fitted on a rod for stability during rotation and suspended on magnets as a replacement for ball bearings which are normally used on conventional wind turbines. Power will then be generated with an axial flux generator, which incorporates the use of permanent magnets and a set of coils.
Subscribe My Youtube Channel For More Support....
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjI2ahxNNvYRc1X5hQIE78A
Magneto hydro dynamic (mhd) power generationHemanth Duru
MHD Power Generation Is a Direct Energy conversion System Which Converts Heat Energy into Electrical Energy Without Any Intermediate stage(i.e Mechanical Energy).
It is a new technology which helps us to reach our world power demands.
It Partially Used in Developed Countries like USSR,USA,Japan.
It is in Under construction in Developing countries like India etc.
Its Losses are Less.
Initial Cost Is High.
An eddy current brake, like a conventional friction brake, is a device used to slow or stop a moving object by dissipating its kinetic energy as heat. However, unlike electro-mechanical brakes, in which the drag force used to stop the moving object is provided by friction between two surfaces pressed together, in an eddy current brake the drag force is an electromagnetic force between a magnet and a nearby conductive object in relative motion, due to eddy currents induced in the conductor through electromagnetic induction. A conductive surface moving past a stationary magnet will have circular electric currents called eddy currents induced in it by the magnetic field, due to Faraday's law of induction. By Lenz's law, the circulating currents will create their own magnetic field which opposes the field of the magnet. Thus the moving conductor will experience a drag force from the magnet that opposes its motion, proportional to its velocity. The electrical energy of the eddy currents is dissipated as heat due to the electrical resistance of the conductor. In an electromagnetic brake the magnetic field may be created by a permanent magnet, or anelectromagnet so the braking force can be turned on and off or varied by varying the electric current in the electromagnet's windings. Another advantage is that since the brake does not work by friction, there are no brake shoe surfaces to wear out, necessitating replacement, as with friction brakes. A disadvantage is that since the braking force is proportional to velocity the brake has no holding force when the moving object is stationary, as is provided by static friction in a friction brake, so in vehicles it must be supplemented by a friction brake. Eddy current brakes are used to slow high-speed trains and roller coasters, to stop powered tools quickly when power is turned off, and in electric meters used by electric utilities.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Eddy currents are loops of electrical current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor, due to Faraday's law of induction. Eddy currents flow in closed loops within conductors, in planes perpendicular to the magnetic field.
The magnitude of the current in a given loop is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field, the area of the loop, and the rate of change of flux, and inversely proportional to the resistivity of the material.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Magnetohydrodynamics
• Magnetohydrodynamic power generation
• Advantage of MHD power generation
• MHD generators
• Magnetohydrodynamic propulsion
• MHD propulsion in spacecraft
• Conclusion
• References
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS POWER GENERATION 2
3. INTRODUCTION
Conventional power generation techniques- thermal, hydel, nuclear etc.
Transition of energy.
The moving parts causes losses, huge capital, maintenance cost.
Direct energy conversion system.
1. photovoltaic generation system
2. magnetohydrodynamic generation
3. fuel cells etc.
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS POWER GENERATION 3
4. MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
Science of dynamics of matter in electromagnetic field.
Conductors- liquid metals, fluids (in hot ionised gaseous form)
Gained importance in 20th centaury.
Faraday’s experiment in Thames
Faraday's law of electromagnetic conduction.
Charge carriers-electrons and positive ions.
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS POWER GENERATION 4
5. MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS POWER
GENERATION
FARADAYS CURRENT
Ions cut magnetic flux
Hall effect generates electricity
HALL EFFECT CURRENT
Accelerated by faradays current- the loss
Total power generated, W = Kσ𝒖 𝟐
𝑩 𝟐
.
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS POWER GENERATION 5
6. OPEN CYCLE MHD SYSTEM
Conducting fluid – air, oil etc.
Heat source – coal burned at 27000 𝐶 and 12 atm pressure
Seeding chemical- potassium carbonate.
Expanded through nozzle.
Air is moved out through exhaust.
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS POWER GENERATION 6
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS POWER
GENERATION(cont.)
8. MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS POWER
GENERATION(cont.)
• CLOSED CYCLE MHD SYSTEM
Conducting fluid – inert gas or liquid metal.
High electrical conductivity.
Temperature of heat source needn’t be high
No exhaust system.
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS POWER GENERATION 8
10. ADVANTAGES OF MHD POWER GENERATION
working fluid is circulated, and there are no moving mechanical parts.
The price of MHD generators is much lower than conventional generators.
MHD can have very high efficiency, if a proper system can be developed.
Can be adapted with thermal power plants.
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS POWER GENERATION 10
11. MHD POWER GENERATORS
• FARADAY GENERATOR
Wedge shape pipe of non conducting material.
Hall effect current loss is high.
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS POWER GENERATION 11
12. MHD POWER GENERATORS(cont..)
• HALL GENERATOR
Arrays of electrodes are placed on each sides of duct.
First and last electrodes of the array supply load.
Each other electrodes are shorted to electrodes of opposite sides.
Less losses- less shorting of final induced current.
Fluctuation of current is high- misalignment of electrodes with flow
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS POWER GENERATION 12
13. MHD POWER GENERATORS(cont..)
• DISC GENERATOR
Disc and duct system
Helmholtz coil magnet
Faraday current – around periphery of coil
Hall effect current- b/n ring electrodes on disc and duct.
Magnet efficiency is high
Compact
More efficient
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS POWER GENERATION 13
14. MAGNETOHYDRODYANMIC PROPULSION
Propeller is replaced with electrodes.
Current is passed through electrodes in presence of magnetic field.
𝑓 = 𝑖[𝑣 × 𝑏]
Water is forced to flow to direction opposite to current flow.
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS POWER GENERATION 14
15. MHD PROPULSION IN SPACE CRAFT
The vehicle will be powered by a magnetohydrodynamics propulsion
Electrodes will cover each of the vehicle’s surfaces and ionize the
surrounding air into plasma.
The force created by passing an electrical current through this plasma
pushes around the surrounding air, and that swirling air creates lift and
momentum and provides stability against wind gusts.
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS POWER GENERATION 15
16. CONCLUSION
MHD is a developing power generation technique.
MHD helps in decreasing mechanical losses on its full potential.
Industrial application is low- current produced is low.
It is tedious to ionise fluid conductors.
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS POWER GENERATION 16
17. REFERENCES
Ajith Krishnan R, Jinshah B S- “Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation”- International
Journal of Scientific and Research Publications- June 2013.
Md Akhtar khan, Kavya vaddadi, Avinash gupta, karrothu vigneshwara – “ Case Study of MHD
Generator for Power Generation and High Speed Propulsion ”- International OPEN ACCESS
Journal Of Modern Engineering Research- Sept. 2014.
Reza Sedaghati, Ali Reza Rajabi, Hossein Sedaghati and Mohsen Momeni Tazangi- “A New
Technology for Power Generation Based on Kinetic Energy of the Plasma”- International Journal
of scientific research and management- 2013
Okey Oseloka Onyejekwe- “Magnetohydrodynamics flow in a tube with centrally placed
electrodes”- International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 35 (2008)
• Samuel O. Mathew , Obed C. Dike , Emmanuel U Akabuogu , and Jemima N. Ogwo- Magneto
Hydrodynamics Power Generation Using Salt Water-asian Journal Of Natural & Applied Sciences-
Vol. 1 No. 4, December 2012
M. S. Tillack and N. B. Morley- “MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS”- McGraw Hill- 1998.
www.electropedia.com- “MagnetoHydroDynamic MHD Electricity Generation”
www.Electrical4u.com- “MHD Generation or Magneto Hydro Dynamic Power Generation”MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS POWER GENERATION 17