Alternative means of communication during a disaster a presentation on the various alternatives when all communication breaks down during a disaster and how social media is also helping.

1. ALTERNATIVE MEANS OF
COMMUNICATION DURING
DISASTER
SHARON A J
15-MVM-044
DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK
PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY

2. COMMUNICATION
 Communication (from Latin commūnicāre, meaning "to
share)
 The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking,
writing, or using some other medium.

3. DURING A DISASTER
 Communication plays an integral role in disaster management.
 Response and Recovery phase needs more information and
communicative means.
 All conventional methods of communication including
telephone, Radio, and Television could be down during a
Disaster

4. CASE STUDY
NEW YORK CITY WORLD TRADE CENTER ATTACK
 During the September 11 attack in 2001, traditional
telecommunications were stretched and overloaded. Phone networks
along the entire East Coast were congested into uselessness.
 Communications between emergency services personnel were limited
by a lack of interoperability between departments.
 Many fire-fighters died when the towers collapsed because they
couldn't receive the warning that the police officers received from the
New York City Police Department (NYPD) helicopters.


5. HURRICANE KATRINA
 When Hurricane Katrina, a Category 5 hurricane, hit New
Orleans, the emergency communications systems were
completely destroyed, including power stations, internet
servers, mobile phone towers, and 911 services.
 The Federal relief workers' satellite phones weren't
interoperable, even when they did work.
 A few AM radio stations were able to continue broadcasting
throughout the storm, notably WWL Radio, which
remained on the air by broadcasting from a closet.
 Amateur radio was instrumental in the rescue process and
maintained signals when 911 communications were
damaged or overloaded

6. ATTRIBUTES OF EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
 Time efficiency and speed
 Affordability
 User friendly
 Two way communication

7. ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION MODES
 INFRASTRUCTURE INDEPENDENT
 1.SHORT WAVE RADIO
 2. TWO WAY RADIO
 3. WEATHER RADIO
 4. SATTELITE COMMUNICATION
 INFRASTRUCTURE DEPENDENT
 1.AUDIO PUBLIC ADRESS SYSYTEM
 2.LED ELECTRONIC SIGNS
 3.DIGITAL SIGNAGE
 4.GIANT VOICE SYSYTEMS

8. RADIO WAVES
 Radio waves are transmitted based on Earth’s ionosphere which makes
them the perfect candidate when it comes to communicating during the
worst scenarios of natural disasters.
Short-wave radio which can be used to transmit messages to anyone who
has the required equipment to receive.
A long rage Communication system via radio waves, it can be the device
that saves many lives when there’s nothing else around.

9. WEATHER RADIO
 This device turns on automatically when there is an emergency broadcast describing
hurricane ,tornadoes and its magnitude and emergency actions to be taken letting
everyone know there is a bad weather alert.

10. TWO-WAY RADIO
 operates on a several miles range and consists of two devices
capable to send and receive messages.
 They are quite small and very easy to use
 First responders prefer to have them in their kit.

11. AUDIO PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
 A system which can provide audio messaging
capability, usually consisting of microphone
devices, wiring, and speakers installed in public
areas of buildings.
 These systems may be vulnerable to electrical
disruption or any other event which results in the
wires being severed or disconnected.

12. L.E.D. ELECTRONIC SIGNS
 LED Signs are able to communicate effectively in loud environments where
audio PA systems can be ineffective.
 LED electronic signs use light-emitting diodes to display messages when
connected over a network to an emergency communication system.

13. DIGITAL SIGNAGE
 Digital signage monitors are capable of displaying high-
resolution videos, pictures, multimedia presentations, text
and other high-definition media.
 Typically digital signage can provide video, audio,
presentation graphics and web page content abilities that
can support the communication of an emergency.

15. GIANT VOICE SYSTEMS
 A system focused on providing auditory messaging capability for
large outdoor areas,
 project voice and sounds over large distances, without the need
for a large number of speakers.
 These systems are commonly used on military bases and chemical
manufacturing plants.

16. SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
 Catastrophic events such as hurricanes, earthquakes, floods
and/or fire are usually followed by general madness and the
lack of a working communication system makes things even
worse.
 Immediate communication is needed for rescue teams and
emergency responders to meet using satellites and satellite
systems.
 Satellites wont be affected during a Disaster

18. SMOKE SIGNALS/FLARES
 The smoke signal is one of the oldest forms of long-distance
communication. It is a form of visual communication used over long
distance.
 A flare gun is a firearm that launches flares. It is typically used for
signalling, as distress signalling, for people at sea or from the ground to
aircraft.

19. EMERGENCY-ORIENTED INSTANT
MESSENGERS AND COMPUTER SCREEN
POP-UPS
 Personal computer instant messengers is a popular and inexpensive technologies by
which to deliver emergency communications to broad or specific audiences in a short
period of time.
 With this technology, emergency communications will "pop up" on the personal
computer screens as a new window that sits on top of any other window that may be
open on the screen at the time.

21. SOCIAL MEDIA
 Facebook
 Twitter
 whatsapp

22.  Facebook has emerged as an important source of reaching out for
help for many people in Chennai.
 Users have been posting status messages about friends, family,
who are caught in affected areas and in need of rescue or medical
help.
 Whatsapp has helped people in distress broadcast messages over
an active network and to help send locations of the affected
people in disaster.
 # cyclone hudhud oct 2014 damges caused send by first
responders (Andhra Pradesh)

23. NDRF (National Disaster Response force)
collected important vital information from the
social media posts and these data were
streamlined to the recue team to identify the
homes and people in distress
#Chennai floods 2015

24. CONCLUSION
 Emergencies place demands on communication processes that are often significantly
different from the demands of non-emergency circumstances
 Emergency communication systems often provide or integrate those same notification
services but will also include two-way communications typically to facilitate
communications between emergency communications staff, affected people and first
responders in the field