This document provides an overview of the applications of information and communication technology (ICT) across multiple sectors including e-commerce, e-government, healthcare, telecommunications, agriculture, education, transportation, industrial development, and more. ICT applications are discussed in areas like mobile phones, CCTV, Wi-Fi, broadband, space services, radio communication, home appliances, social networks, and satellites. The history of information technology from the pre-mechanical to modern electronic ages is also summarized.

1. TITLE
THRUST AREA : SHELTER
FOCUS : APPLICATION OF INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
AUTHORS
S. THARABAI AMIE, M.TECH - CSE
S. YAMINI B. COM
KEYWORDS
History of Information Technology, Applications of ICT, E - Commerce,
E - Government, Medical & E-Health, Tele Communication, Cell Phone, CCTV,
Wi-Fi, Space services, Radio Communication, Broadband, Agriculture, Educa-
tion, Transport, Industrial Development, Urbanisation, Social Networks, Radars
& Satellite, Home Appliances, Security & Military, Aviation, E-Library & E-
Book

2. 1. Introduction
1.1 History Of Information Technology
Information technology has been around for a long, long time. There are 4 main ages
that divide up the history of information technology. They are,
• Pre mechanical
The pre mechanical age is the earliest age of information technology. It can be defined as the
time between 3000B.C. and 1450A.D. The popular model of that time was the abacus.
• Mechanical
The mechanical age can be defined as the time between 1450 and 1840. Blaise Pascal invent-
ed the Pascaline which was a very popular mechanical computer. Charles Babbage developed
the difference engine.
• Electromechanical
The electromechanical age can be defined as the time between 1840 and 1940.The first large-
scale automatic digital computer in the United States was the Mark 1 created by Harvard Uni-
versity around 1940. This computer was 8ft high, 50ft long, 2ft wide, and weighed 5 tons -
HUGE. It was programmed using punch cards.
• Electronic
The electronic age is wha we currently live in. It can be defined as the time between 1940 and
right now. The ENIAC was the first high-speed, digital computer capable of being repro-
grammed to solve a full range of computing problems. The fourth and latest generation
brought in CPUs which contained memory, logic, and control circuits all on a single chip.
The personal computer was developed (Apple II). The graphical user interface (GUI) was de-
veloped.
Windows OS and Desk top computers played their role for several decades. MAC OS and
Lap Tops are the latest Smart computers.
2. Applications of Information and CommunicationTechnology
The ICT supports information flow, access, storage, shared resources, and proper use
of information in real time for decision-making. In order to provide information at a very high
speed at any time and at any place, we need a communication network and media. These are
internet, telephone, mobile phone, TV, radio and office automation systems such as word-pro-
cessing, fax, audio conferencing, video conferencing, computer conferencing, multimedia,
etc, through the use of networks of satellite and fibre optics.
3. Electronic Commerce
3.1 E-commerce
eCommerce means trading of products or services using computer networks.E-Busi-
ness is automated exchange of messages (for example, orders, invoices, payment transactions
or description of goods) inside an enterprise and with other ICT systems outside the enterprise
using the Internet or other computer networks in harmonized format which allows to process
data automatically (for example, XML, EDIFACT, etc.) without requiring to write the mes-
sage manually.

3. Fig 1. ICT in E-Commerce
3.2 E-Government
eGovernment is the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to
improve the activities of public sector organisations. Information and Communication
Technologies (ICTs) play a key role in development & Economic growth of Rural India. Polit-
ical, Cultural, Socio-economic Developmental & Behavioural decisions today rests on the
ability to access, gather, analyze and utilize Information and Knowledge. ICT is the conduits
that transmit information and knowledge to individual to widen their choices for Economic
and social empowerment. In near future people will be carrying a handheld computer con-
nected to the Web to get the information about the World at their fingertips.
4. Medical and E-Health
4.1 ICT in Medicine
Computers are used in hospitals to monitor critically ill patients in intensive care units.
The patient has sensors attached to him which detect changes in heart rate, pulse rate, blood
pressure, breathing and brain activity. If any of these fall below a preset level the computer
sounds an alarm and alerts the medical staff. The data is also logged and used to analyse the
changes in a patient’s condition over a period of time,
4.2 E-Health
eHealth is the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for health.
Ex: include treating patients, educating the health workforce, tracking diseases and monitor-
ing public health. A body scanner sends electromagnetic rays through a patient’s body and
sensors detect how much different parts of the body absorb the rays. A computer uses this data
to build up an image of the inside of a patient’s body to give treatments. E-environment is
used to control pollution and facilitate global health care.

4. 5. Tele communication
A telecommunications network is a collection of terminal nodes, links are connected
so as to enable telecommunication between the terminals. The transmission links connect the
nodes together. The nodes use circuit switching, message switching or packet switching to
pass the signal through the correct links and nodes to reach the correct destination terminal.
Each terminal in the network usually has a unique address so messages or connections can be
routed to the correct recipients. The collection of addresses in the network is called the ad-
dress space.
5.1 Examples of telecommunications networks are:
• computer networks
• the Internet
• the telephone network
• the global Telex network
• the aeronautical ACARS network
6. Cell Phones / Mobile Phones
A mobile phone is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a r a-
dio frequency carrier while the user is moving within a telephone service area. A mobile
phone is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency carrier
while the user is moving within a telephone service area. The radio frequency link establishes
a connection to the switching systems of a mobile phone operator, which provides access to
the public switched telephone network (PSTN).
Most modern mobile telephone services use a cellular network architecture, and there-
fore mobile telephones are often also called cellular telephones or cell phones. In addition to
telephony, 2000s-era mobile phones support a variety of other services, such as text messag-
ing, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth),
business applications, gaming, and digital photography. Mobile phones which offer these and
more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones.
7. CCTV
CCTV cameras
CCTV (closed-circuit television) is a TV system in which signals are not publicly dis-
tributed but are monitored. CCTV is used for securing various offices, colleges, home, malls,
Traffic signals, streets, railway stations and banks.

5. Fig 2. CCTV Camera
8. WI - FI
8.1 Wi - Fi Modem
A modem gives you a standard Ethernet cable output that you can plug into any
router and get an Internet connection. A wifi router is a device which simply connects differ-
ent devices, supporting WiFi, together. It is generally found where the ISP (Internet Service
Provider) provides a cable broadband through CAT5/6 cables.
8.2 Broadband
In telecommunications, broadband is a wide bandwidth data transmission with an abil-
ity to simultaneously transport multiple signals and traffic types. In telecommunications,
broadband is a wide bandwidth data transmission with an ability to simultaneously transport
multiple signals and traffic types. The medium can be coaxial cable, optical fiber, radio or
twisted pair.
In the context of Internet access, broadband is used to mean any high-speed Internet access
that is always on and faster than traditional dial-up access.
9. Space Services
9.1 Space services
International coordination, notification and recording procedures for space systems
and earth stations and examination of frequency assignment notices submitted by Administra-
tions (Membership) for inclusion in the Master International Frequency Register (MIFR). The
Space Services Department (SSD) is responsible for coordination and recording procedures

6. for space systems and earth stations. The Department handles capture, processing and publi-
cation of data and carries out examination of frequency assignment notices submitted by ad-
ministrations for inclusion in the formal coordination procedures or recording in the MIFR.
9.2 Terrestrial Services
International coordination, notification and recording procedures for terrestrial sys-
tems and examination of frequency assignment notices submitted by Administrations (Mem-
bership) for inclusion in the Master International Frequency Register (MIFR) and Plans.
Application of administrative procedures dealing with allocation of international
means of identification (call sign series, MIDs) and with safety of life, processing submis-
sions for various service publications and corresponding online information systems.
9.3 Space Services Department (SSD)
The Space Services Department (SSD) is responsible for coordination and recording
procedures for space systems and earth stations. The Department handles capture, processing
and publication of data and carries out examination of frequency assignment notices submit-
ted by administrations for inclusion in the formal coordination procedures or recording in the
Master International Frequency Register (MIFR).
The Department is also responsible for managing the procedures for space related as-
signment or allotment plans of the ITU and for provision of assistance to administrations on
all of the above issues.
9.4 Structure of SSD
Space Publication and Registration Division (SPR)
Space Systems Coordination Division (SSC)
Space Notification and Plans Division (SNP)
9.5 BR IFIC
The BR International Frequency Information Circular (BR IFIC) is a service docu-
ment in DVD-ROM format, published once every two weeks. The Preface describes the con-
tents and the layout of the BR IFIC.
9.6 space plans
Information concerning planned satellite networks and in particular information relat-
ed to provisions for space services subject to a Plan under Appendices 30, 30A and 30B of the
Radio Regulations.

7. 9.7 Cost Recovery
In accordance with Resolution 88 rev of the Plenipotentiary Conference (Marrakech,
2002) and Council Decision 482 modified (C2008), cost recovery is to apply to satellite net-
work filings received by the Radiocommunication Bureau after 7 November 1998.
10. Radio communication
Defined as “a service, involving the transmission, emission and/or reception of radio
waves for specific telecommunication purposes”. Information about electronic filing, space
services publications and databases; also documents related to seminars and workshops orga-
nized by the Radiocommunication Bureau.
10.1 SNL online
Space Network List online provides basic information concerning planned or existing
space stations, earth stations and radio astronomy stations; also it gives information on the use
of the frequency spectrum, on the occupancy of the orbits, on the reference publications and
on pending networks.
10.2 SNS online
The Space Network System online enables access to the SNS database of the Radio-
communication Bureau. It provides the SNS data of planned and non-planned satellite net-
works. A TIES account or a subscription is needed to access the service.
11. Agriculture
Agriculture is a major sector which is vital for the survival of modern man. Plants are
the producers in the food chain, and without them, the life cycle would just not be possible.
Agricultural produce, though highly perishable compared to other food sources, is essential
for survival. Crops are used to produce several food sources by themselves or through by-
products such as bread, powders, organic additives to other goods and the like.
11.1 ICT in Agriculture
In the context of agriculture, the potential of information and communication technol-
ogy (ICT) can be assessed broadly under two heads: (a) as a tool for direct contribution to
agricultural productivity and (b) as an indirect tool for empowering farmers to take informed
and quality decisions which will have positive impact on the way agriculture and allied activi-
ties are conducted. ICT in Agriculture is used to improve GDP, farmers communication,
technologies, global marketing, and finance for farming. Provides sustainable growth to agri-
culture.

8. Fig 3. ICT in Agriculture
12 Education
Worldwide research has shown that ICT can lead to improved student learning and
better teaching methods. A report made by the National Institute of Multimedia Education in
Japan, proved that an increase in student exposure to educational ICT through curriculum
integration has a significant and positive impact on student achievement, especially in terms
of "Knowledge・Comprehension" · "Practical skill" and "Presentation skill”.
12.1 Need for ICT in Education is, it provides
• access to variety of learning resources
• immediacy to information
• anytime learning
• anywhere learning
• collaborative learning
• multimedia approach to education
• authentic and up to date information
• access to online libraries
• teaching of different subjects made interesting
• educational data storage
• distance education
• access to the source of information
• multiple communication channels-e-mail,chat,forum,blogs,etc.
• access to open courseware
• better accesses to children with disabilities
• reduces time on many routine tasks

9. 12.2 E-Learning
E learning with ICT and digital media through guided participation in and across vari-
ous socio-material and cultural practices in everyday life. Learning is always a matter of
learning in practice. People learn with ICT and digital media as an integrated aspect of using
ICT and digital media in the everyday course of living – whether in school, at home or at
work. E-learning is enacted in and enacts practices. Through these enactments, e-learning be-
comes both various ways to become more knowing about the world and to take participate in
the world.
13. Transport
Reducing traffic collision, increasing road capacity, reducing air pollution, reducing
traffic congestion, Google mapping to provide route, security cameras to give traffic guid-
ance.
13.1 Google Map
Real time information flow in transportation is available through updates given to
avoid traffic jams and navigation routing. We know that real time traffic flows obtained
through GPS and electronic displays provide enhanced user experience and travel conve-
nience to passengers. Some examples such as nextbus.com already provide real time informa-
tion on bus schedules. And Google has already integrated traffic data into its Google maps
14. Industrial Development
The industrial revolution led to the development of factories for large-scale produc-
tion, with consequent changes in society.New information and communications technologies
(ICT), in particular high-speed internet, are changing the way companies do business, trans-
forming public service delivery and democratizing innovation. With 10 percent increase in
high speed Internet connections, economic growth increases by 1.3 percent.
15. Urbanaization
The urbanization in India critically analyses the strengths and weaknesses of the In-
dian urban system and provides new insights into contemporary urban problems. Provides
substantial growth. City investments that include a large ICT component can enable the de-
signing of smarter cities that offer a better quality of life for their residents while being more
sustainable and cost efficient. It is not only the residents that stand to benefit from this trend;
governments can meet their objectives faster and more cheaply, while ICT players find them-
selves at the cusp of a whole new market. If these stakeholders hope to play and win in this
uncharted territory, they will need to adopt a new operating paradigm. India’s latest Smart
City programs include 12 major and 8 more cities as minor concentration on urbanised cities.

10. 16. Social Networks
Face book and other social networks such as Tweeter, Google + and Link ID provide
world wide communication of internet users. By the end of this year, almost 44% of house-
holds globally will have Internet access at home, up from 40% last year and 30% in 2010. In
the developed world, 78% of households now have home Internet access, compared to 31% in
developing countries, and just 5% in the 48 UN Least Developed Countries.
16.1 Connecting the world
Internet access in schools has made important strides forward over the past decade. In
developed countries, the vast majority of schools now have broadband Internet, with many
industrialized nations having already reached 100% school connectivity. In developing coun-
tries substantial progress has also been made, but access levels vary widely, not just from
country to country, but also across different regions within nations. More than 16 million
users use facebook and tweeter.
17. Radars & Satellite
17.1 Radars
Radar is something that is in use all around us, although it is normally invisible. Air
traffic control uses radar to track planes both on the ground and in the air, and also to guide
planes in for smooth landings. Police use radar to detect the speed of passing motorists.
NASA uses radar to map the Earth and other planets. Meteorologists use radar to track
storms, hurricanes and tornadoes.
17.2 Satellites
A satellite is an artificial object which has been intentionally placed into orbit. Such
objects are sometimes called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites
such as Earth's Moon.India launched 20 satellites using a single vehicle recently. In its thirty
sixth flight (PSLV-C34), ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle successfully launched the
727.5 kg Cartosat-2 Series Satellite along with 19 co-passenger satellites today morning (June
22, 2016) from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota. This is the thirty fifth con-
secutively successful mission of PSLV and the fourteenth in its 'XL' configuration. The total
weight of all the 20 satellites carried on-board PSLV-C34 was 1288 kg.
18 . Home appliances
A microprocessor is an electronic circuit or chip that can process data, perform calcu-
lations and act upon the results by issuing instructions. In other words, it is the processing
chip which makes the computer or electronic device work. It is used in home appliances to
control and display.

11. 18.1 some examples of devices in your home that contain microprocessors:
• Washing machines
• Microwave ovans
• Dishwashers
• Electric kettles
• Fridges
• DVD players
• Remote control television
• Hairdryers
• Electric toothbrushes
• Central heating systems
• Burglar Alarm system
• External Security lights
19 Security and Military
19.1 ICT in Security
Current age is that of a cyber warfare. What the the various ICT security issues that
the military face because of its enemies. Especially, cyber crime and cyber security handled
by the security policies.
19.2 ICT in Military services
ICT has huge impact on defense industry and has changed complete operations of de-
fense and equipments. Instead of focusing hardware based equipments, if defense industry
focus on ICT centric outputs for advancements in defense the potentiality will be very strong
for armed forces across the globe. After ICT it was introduced air defense system. In land and
sea superiority the weapon and equipment requirement is very high.
20. Aviation
From start to finish, we will work with you to make the transition process as uncom-
plicated as possible. Whether it is aircraft sale or acquisition, domestic or international, our
experience in the industry will best serve your interests. As your aviation consultant, ICT
Aviation will provide consistant high level of personal service and professionalism.
21. Library Management
Modern ICT is impacting on various aspects of libraries and the information profes-
sion. Advancements in ICT and the wide spread use of ICT is resulting in digital information
sources and digital media replacing and becoming the dominant form of information storage
and retrieval. ICT also survives and makes true rules of Library Science ‘Every reader his/her
book/information’, ‘Save the time of the reader’, ‘Library is a growing organism’.

12. 21. 1 ICT uses in Library Management
• Provide speedy and easy access to information
• Provides remote access to users
• Provides round the clock access to users
• Provides access to unlimited information from different sources
• Provision of Web access to OPAC
• Electronic document deliver
• Networked information resources
• Delivery of information to user desktops
• Online instructions
• Online readers advisory services
• E- Library
• E- Book
22. Conclusion
The applications of Information and Communication Technology and its areas of in-
fluence is required in every aspect of our lives. And its modern facets we wait for.

13. References
• http://www.cxotoday.com/story/role-of-ict-in-e-governance-and-rural-development/
• https://mikalasklumme.wordpress.com/e-learning-learning-with-ict-and-digital-media/
• http://www.teach-ict.com/gcse_new/computer%20systems/microprocessors/miniweb/pg2.htm