brief description about the disaster nursing. credits- slideshare community

1. PRACTICE TEACHING
ON
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
Presented by-
Deepak Patel
M.Sc. Nursing

4. DEFINITION OF DISASTER
“A disaster can be defined as any
occurrence that cause damage,
ecological disruption, loss of human
life, deterioration of health and
health services on a scale sufficient
to warrant an extra-ordinary response
from outside the affected community
area.”

5. CLASSIFICATION OF
DISATER
I. NATURAL DISASTER
II. MAN-MADE DISASTER

9. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DISASTER
AGENT
Primary agents-
 falling buildings
 Heat-cold
 Wind
 Rising water
 Smoke
Secondary agents-
 Bacteria and viruses
 Vectors and rodents

10. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DISASTER
HOST
Age
Immunization status
Pre-existing health problems
Degree of mobility
Emotional stability

11. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF
DISASTER
ENVIRONMENT
 Physical factors-
• Availability of food,
water and shelter
• Functioning utilities-
electricity, telephone
services
 Chemical factors-
• Leakage of stored
chemicals into air,
water, soil, ground
water, or food supplies
 Biological factors-
• Contaminated water
• Improper waste disposal
• Insect and rodent proliferation
• Improper food storage
 Social factors-
• Loss of family members
• Changes in roles
• Questioning of religious beliefs
• Social support

12. I. PRE-IMPACT PHASE
II. IMPACT PHASE
III. POST IMPACT PHASE

13. PHASES OF COMMUNITY REACTION
TO A DISASTER
1. Heroic Phase
2. Honeymoon Phase
3. Disillusionment Phase
4. Reconstruction Phase

15. DIMENSIONS OF A DISASTER
1. Predictability
2. Frequency
3. Controllability
4. Time
5. Scope and intensity

16. DEFINITION OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
“Disaster management is defined as the
organization and management of
resources and responsibilities for dealing
with all the humanitarian aspects of
emergencies, in particular preparedness,
response and recovery in order to lesson
the impact of disaster.”
-International federation of Red-Cross and Red crescent
societies.

17. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
The eight basic fundamental principles are as follows-
1. Prevent the occurrence of the disaster whenever
possible.
2. Minimize the number of causalities if the disaster
can not be prevented.
3. Prevent further causalities from occurring after
the initial impact of the disaster
4. Rescue the victims.

18. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
5. Provide first aid to the injured.
6. Evacuate the injured to medical facilities.
7. Provide definitive medical care.
8. Promote reconstruction of lives.

19. PURPOSES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
1. Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster.
2. Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or
consequences.
3. Capacity building
4. Preparedness to deal with any disaster.
5. Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or
disaster.
6. Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster
7. Evacuate, rescue and relief
8. Rehabilitation and reconstruction

20. PHASES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT

35. DEFINITION OF DISASTER
NURSING
“Disaster nursing can be defined as the
adaptation of professional nursing
knowledge skills and attitude in
recognizing and meeting the nursing,
health and emotional needs of disaster
victims.”
-

36. GOALS OF DISASTER NURSING
 The overall goal of disaster management is to
achieve the best possible level of health for the
people and the community involved in the
disaster.
Other goals of disaster nursing are as follows-
1. To meet the immediate basic survival needs of
populations affected by disaster.
2. To identify the potential for a secondary
disaster.
3. To appraise both risks and resources in the
environment.

37. GOALS OF DISASTER NURSING
4. To correct inequalities in access to health care
or appropriate resources.
5. To empower survivors to participate in and
advocate for their own health well-being.
6. To respect cultural, lingual and religious
diversity in individuals and families and to apply
this principle in all health promotion activities.
7. To promote the highrst achievable quality of life
for survivors.
8. To educate the community about prevention of
disease, promotion of hygiene and sanitation.

38. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
NURSING
1. Rapid assessment of the situation and of nursing
needs.
2. Triage and initiation of life saving measure first.
3. The selected use of essential nursing
interventions and the elimination of non-
essential nursing activities.
4. Adaptation of necessary nursing skills to disaster
and other emergency situation. The nurse must
be use imagination and resourcefulness in
dealing with a lack of supplies, equipment and
personnel.

39. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
NURSING
5. Evaluation of the environment and the
mitigation or removal of any health hazards.
6. Prevention of future injury or illness.
7. Leadership in coordinating patient triage, care
and transport during times of crises.
8. The teaching supervision and utilization of
auxiliary medical personnel and volunteers.
9. Provision of understanding compassion and
emotional support to all victims and their
families.

40. HEALTH EFFECTS OF DISASTER
1. Disaster may cause premature deaths, illness
and injuries in the affected communities,
generally exceeding the capacity of the local
health care system.
2. Disaster may destroy the local health care
Infrastructure which will therefore be unable to
respond to the emergency. Disruption of routine
health care services and prevention initiatives
may lead to long term consequences in health
outcomes in terms of increased morbidity and
mortality.

41. HEALTH EFFECTS OF DISASTER
3. Disaster may create environmental imbalances,
increasing the risk of communicable diseases and
environmental hazards.
4. Disaster may affect the psychological, emotional
and social well-being of the population in the
affected community. It may range from fear,
anxiety, and depression to widespread panic and
terror.
5. Disaster may cause shortage of food and cause
severe nutritional deficiency.

42. HEALTH EFFECTS OF DISASTER
6. Disaster may cause large population movements
(refugees) creating a burden on other health
care systems and communities. Displaced
populations and their host communities are at
increasing risk for communication diseases and
the health consequences of crowded living
conditions.

44. MANAGEMENT OF MASS
CASUALITIES
Mass causality management is a multisectorial
coordination system based on daily utilized
procedures, managed by skilled personnel in order
to maximize the use of existing recourses; provide
prompt and adapted care to the victims; ensure
emergency services and hospital return to routine
operations as soon as possible.

45. MANAGEMENT OF MASS
CASUALITIES
Objectives-
 The application of triage and tagging
procedures in the management of mass
causalities.
 Understand the priorities in triage and tagging
and orders the evacuation.

46. MANAGEMENT OF MASS
CASUALITIES
Disaster triage-
“Triage is the process of prioritizing which
patients are to be treated first and is the
cornerstone good disaster management in terms
of judicious use of resources.”

47. MANAGEMENT OF MASS
CASUALITIES
Need of Disaster triage-
1. Inadequate resources to meet immediate
needs.
2. Infrastructure limitations.
3. Inadequate hazard preparation.
4. Limited transport capabilities.
5. Multiple agencies responding
6. Hospital resources overwhelmed.

48. MANAGEMENT OF MASS
CASUALITIES
Aims of Disaster triage-
1. To sort patients based on needs for
immediate care.
2. To recognized futility.
3. Medical needs will outstrip the immediately
available resources.
4. Additional resources will become available
given enough time.

49. MANAGEMENT OF MASS
CASUALITIES
Principles of Disaster triage-
1. Every patient should receive and triaged by
appropriate skilled health care professionals.
2. Triage is a clinic managerial decision and
must involve collaborative planning.
3. The triage process should not cause and
delay in the delivery of effective clinical
care.

50. MANAGEMENT OF MASS
CASUALITIES
Advantages of Disaster triage-
1. Helps to bring order and organization to a
chaotic scene.
2. It identifies and provides care to those who
are in greatest need.
3. Helps make the difficult decisions easier.
4. Assure that resources are used in the more
effective manner.
5. May relieve emotional burden away from
those doing triage.

51. MANAGEMENT OF MASS
CASUALITIES
Types of Disaster triage-
1. Simple triage
2. Advanced triage

52. MANAGEMENT OF MASS
CASUALITIES
Triage system and tagging-
0- The decreased who are beyond help
1- The injured who can be helped by immediate
transportation
2- The injured whose transport can be delayed
3- Those with minor injuries who need help less
urgently

53. Role of nurse in various phases
of disaster management
 Mitigation
 Preparedness
 Response
 recovery

59. Kerala floods
august 2018
Mumbai terrorist
attacks
2008