This presentation is about air pollution. There are various topics related to air pollution such as definition, major pollutants, causes of air pollution, effects of air pollution on earth and how to reduce air pollution.
This presentation is about air pollution. There are various topics related to air pollution such as definition, major pollutants, causes of air pollution, effects of air pollution on earth and how to reduce air pollution.
Air pollution: its causes,effects and pollutantsMaliha Eesha
This presentation gives the complete detail of air, air pollution, air pollutants and their types, each pollutant in detail and its causes and effects, acid rain, methods of prevention,smog,acidification,indoor pollution and so on. It is a complete package and I hope it'll be helpful in school! :)
This a presentation about the Air pollution and its causes & effects for the educational uses
It describe the definitions, types, info diagrams, sources, effects, and their controls
I hope this science could be a benefit for anyone who search the information
Air pollution occurs when harmful substances released in or excessive quantities including gases, particles, and biological molecules to Earth's atmosphere. Life expectancy has gone down by 2.6 years due to air pollution. Delhi, Mumbai, Gurugram comes under most polluted cities of the world.
Environmental Pollution. Environmental Pollution is an international journal that seeks to publish papers that report results from original, novel research that addresses significant environmental pollution issues and problems and contribute new knowledge to science. The editors welcome high quality papers where the pollutants...
environmental pollution ppt
sources of environmental pollution
environmental pollution definition
environmental pollution journals
environmental pollution articles
environment pollution pdf
environmental pollution pdf
pollution articles for students
Air Pollution has been one of the biggest problems that the humans have been facing over the years. This is not an issue for some specific country; it is important for people across the world to curb the issues related to air pollution. The Air pollution index has been at all-time highs for quite some time. The effects of air pollution can be severe and very impacting to your overall health.
PM is a complex mixture of air borne particles that differ in size, origin and chemical composition, all of which are <10 µm in size.
US EPA described PM pollution as ‘mixture of mixtures’.
PM is among the most harmful of all air pollutants.
Water pollution and its effect on animal healthSameer Sankhe
This ppt is related to Water pollution and It's effect on Animal health, preventive measures to be implemented, with information about various types of water pollution in the environment.
History of Air pollution and episodes, Sources of air pollution and types, Introduction
to meteorology and transport of air pollution: Global winds, Headley cells, wind rose terrestrial wind profile, Effects of terrain and topography on winds, lapse rate, maximum mixing depths, plume rise
Air pollution in lahore, causes and it effect on environment, air pollutant, major air pollutants that causes the air pollution , NOX, SOX, carbon monoxide, conclusions and recommendations,ned university
Air pollution: its causes,effects and pollutantsMaliha Eesha
This presentation gives the complete detail of air, air pollution, air pollutants and their types, each pollutant in detail and its causes and effects, acid rain, methods of prevention,smog,acidification,indoor pollution and so on. It is a complete package and I hope it'll be helpful in school! :)
This a presentation about the Air pollution and its causes & effects for the educational uses
It describe the definitions, types, info diagrams, sources, effects, and their controls
I hope this science could be a benefit for anyone who search the information
Air pollution occurs when harmful substances released in or excessive quantities including gases, particles, and biological molecules to Earth's atmosphere. Life expectancy has gone down by 2.6 years due to air pollution. Delhi, Mumbai, Gurugram comes under most polluted cities of the world.
Environmental Pollution. Environmental Pollution is an international journal that seeks to publish papers that report results from original, novel research that addresses significant environmental pollution issues and problems and contribute new knowledge to science. The editors welcome high quality papers where the pollutants...
environmental pollution ppt
sources of environmental pollution
environmental pollution definition
environmental pollution journals
environmental pollution articles
environment pollution pdf
environmental pollution pdf
pollution articles for students
Air Pollution has been one of the biggest problems that the humans have been facing over the years. This is not an issue for some specific country; it is important for people across the world to curb the issues related to air pollution. The Air pollution index has been at all-time highs for quite some time. The effects of air pollution can be severe and very impacting to your overall health.
PM is a complex mixture of air borne particles that differ in size, origin and chemical composition, all of which are <10 µm in size.
US EPA described PM pollution as ‘mixture of mixtures’.
PM is among the most harmful of all air pollutants.
Water pollution and its effect on animal healthSameer Sankhe
This ppt is related to Water pollution and It's effect on Animal health, preventive measures to be implemented, with information about various types of water pollution in the environment.
History of Air pollution and episodes, Sources of air pollution and types, Introduction
to meteorology and transport of air pollution: Global winds, Headley cells, wind rose terrestrial wind profile, Effects of terrain and topography on winds, lapse rate, maximum mixing depths, plume rise
Air pollution in lahore, causes and it effect on environment, air pollutant, major air pollutants that causes the air pollution , NOX, SOX, carbon monoxide, conclusions and recommendations,ned university
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Exploration & Production onshore and offshore: technical challenges and their...ITE Oil&Gas
Presentation at TUROGE 2014 (Turkish International Oil and Gas Conference) on Safety of Onshore and Offshore Oil & Gas Operations.
By Giovanni Uguccioni - Oil & Gas Sector Development Manager at D’Appolonia SpA, Italy
Have u ever thought of air pollution....watch the slide think about it.
for the video on slide 30 pls follow the link below:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVQxws94Ob8&feature
Presentation for project work!
Presentation credits:
Mr. Shivam Saha
Dr. Tathagata Deb
Contents:
Atmosphere as a Resource
Types and Sources of Air Pollution
Major Classes of Air Pollutants
Sources of Outdoor Air Pollutants
Urban Air Pollution(Photochemical Smog)
Effects of Air Pollution
Ozone Depletion
Acid Deposition
Controlling Air Pollution
march 8th - world water day - methods to harvest rain water - methods to save water - posters on water conservation - inventions for conservation of water.
various dust and gaseous pollutant separation techniques and devices. description of the devices such as their working, particle sizes removed, removal efficiency, mechanism involved etc.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
3. World’s Top 5 Air Pollution disasters
1. Bhopal gas tragedy (India)
2. Chernobyl disaster (Russia)
3. Seveso disaster (Italy)
4. London smog (England, UK)
5. Grand canyon of Colorado (USA)
4. Bhopal gas tragedy
• Duration :2nd and 3rd of December, 1984.
• Reason: Methyl Iso cyanate (MIC).
• The Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal India leaked
MIC. This tragedy was a result of water entering a tank
containing around 42 tons of MIC, creating a chemical
reaction that raised temperatures to over 200°c, increasing the
pressure making the tank vent the toxic gas which caught in
the Northwesterly wind passing over Bhopal.
• To this day, groundwater and soil in areas even 3km away
from the factory contains almost 40 times more pesticides than
Indian standards. The soil and water also contain toxic metals
like lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium and chromium.
5. Chernobyl disaster (Russia)
• On 26 April 1986, reactor four suffered a catastrophic
power increase, leading to explosions in its core. This
dispersed large quantities of radioactive fuel and core
materials into the atmosphere and ignited the combustible
graphite moderator. The burning graphite moderator
increased the emission of radioactive particles, carried by
the smoke, as the reactor had not been encased by any kind
of hard containment vessel. The accident occurred during an
experiment scheduled to test a potential safety emergency
core cooling feature, which took place during a normal
shutdown procedure.
• The battle to contain the contamination and avert a greater
catastrophe ultimately involved over 5,00,000 workers and
cost an estimated 18 billion rubles.
7. London smog
• Duration : December 5 to December 9, 1952
• Death toll : approximately 12,000 people
• Reason: When a thick fog engulfed London it mixed
with black smoke emitted from homes and factories
to create a deadly smog.
8.
9. Seveso disaster
• On midday of July 10, 1976 an explosion occurred in a TCP
(2,4,5-trichlorophenol) reactor in a chemical company in
Meda, Italy. A toxic cloud escaped into the atmosphere
containing high concentrations of TCDD (tetra chloro di-
benzo dioxin), a highly toxic form of dioxin. Downwind
from the factory the dioxin cloud polluted a densely
populated area of 6 km long and 1 km wide, immediately
killing many animals. A neighboring municipality that was
highly affected is called Seveso. The accident was named
after this village. The dioxin cloud affected a total of 11
communities.
• The most remarkable feature of the Seveso accident was
that local and regional authorities had no idea the plant was
a source of risk.
11. • Regional haze is the "dirty-looking" air that
prevents us from seeing clearly or very far
through the air. It especially affects our
enjoyment of national parks, such as the Grand
Canyon.
• Sulfate particles, formed by the reaction of
sulfur dioxide (SO2) from power plants and
other sources in the atmosphere, account for 50
to 70 percent of the visibility reduction.
22. Air pollution (AP)
• As per IS :4167-1966, the presence in ambient
atmospheres of substances, generally resulting
from the activity of man, in sufficient
concentration , present for a sufficient time and
under circumstances such as to interfere with
comfort, health or welfare of persons or with
reasonable use or enjoyment of property is
called “AIR POLLUTION”
23. Threshold Limiting Value (TLV)
• The maximum concentration to
which healthy adult workers may be
exposed 8 hours a day for 5
continuous days a week without
adverse effects.
• E.g. : o.2 ppb and 5 ppm are the for
desirable and threshold limits of SOx
respectively.
25. Classification based on chemical
composition
Organic
• Compounds of carbon and
hydrogen.
• e.g. aldehydes, ketones,
ether, alcohols etc.
Inorganic
• Found in polluted
atmosphere
• e.g. NOx, SOx, CO, HF,
HCl, CO2 etc.
26. Classification based on origin
Primary pollutants
• Primary pollutants are
substances that are directly
emitted into the atmosphere
from sources.
• E.g.: Carbon compounds,
such as CO, CO2, CH4, and
VOCs. Nitrogen
compounds, such as NO,
N2O, and NH3. Sulfur
compounds, such as H2S
and SO2.
Secondary pollutants
• Secondary pollutants are not
directly emitted from sources,
but instead form in the
atmosphere from primary
pollutants (also called
“Precursors”).
• E.g.: NO2 and HNO3 formed
from NO, Ozone (O3) formed
from photochemical reactions
of nitrogen oxides and VOCs,
Smog, Sulfuric acid droplets
formed from SO2 and nitric
acid droplets formed from
NO2.
30. Classification based on state of
matter
Particulate
• Finely divided solids and
liquids
• Under normal conditions, they
settle out of atmosphere.
• May contain materials with
toxic or carcinogenic effects.
• Extremely small particles can
become lodged in lungs
• E.g. : smoke, fog, fume, mist,
aerosol, dust
Gaseous
• They are form less fluids
that completely occupy the
space into which they are
released and behave like air.
• They don't settle out of
atmosphere.
• E.g. : Hydrocarbons, NH3,
HF, CO, SOx and NOx
31. Particulate matter
SPM 10
• Coarse particles (2.5–10
micrometers) deposited in
the upper respiratory tract
and large airways
• Smoke, dirt and dust
from factories, farming, and
roads, mold, spores, and
pollen
SPM 2.5
• Fine particles (< 2.5
micrometers) may reach
terminal bronchioles and
alveoli
• Toxic organic compounds,
heavy metals
32.
33. Particulate pollutants
• Dust – It contains particles of the size ranging from 1 to 200 m. These are
formed by natural disintegration of rock and soil or by the mechanical processes of
grinding and spraying.
• Smoke – Small gas borne particles of the size ranging from 0.01 to 1 m resulting
from combustion which can be liquid or solid. Can have different colors
depending on the nature of material burnt.
• Fumes – Particles formed by condensation, sublimation , or chemical reaction.
These are solid particles of the size ranging from 0.1 to 1 m
• Mist – It is made up of liquid droplets generally smaller than 10 m which are
formed by condensation in the atmosphere or are released from industrial
operations.
• Fog – It is the mist in which the liquid is water and is sufficiently dense to obscure
vision.
• Aerosol – Under this category are included all air-borne suspensions either solid or
liquid; these are generally smaller than 1 m . Dispersion of microscopic solid or
liquid particles in gaseous media.
34. Gaseous Pollutants
• Oxides of Sulphur (SOx, H2SO3)
• SO2 is the most important pollutant emitted and is oxidized slowly to sulphur
trioxide. This intern rapidly combines with moisture in the atmosphere to form
sulphuric acid. Both SO2 and SO3 are relatively quickly washed out of the
atmosphere by rain or settle out as aerosols.
• Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx, N2O)
• Among the seven oxides of nitrogen, N2O, NO and NO2 are formed in appreciable
quantities in the atmosphere.
• Carbon Monoxide (CO) and CO2
• CO is the single largest pollutant in the urban atmosphere and has strong affinity
towards hemoglobin of the blood stream. The rate of oxidation of CO to CO2 is
very slow. The main sources of CO in the urban air are smoke and exhaust fumes of
burning gas, coal or oil.
• Lighter Hydrocarbons (HCs)
• The gaseous and volatile liquid hydrocarbons are of particular interest as air
pollutants. The hydrocarbons in air by themselves alone cause no harmful effects.
These are responsible for the production of secondary pollutants in the presence of
sunlight.
35. Sources of AP
Natural/ geogenic
1. Of natural occurrence
2. Contribute to the composition of
earth’s atmosphere.
3. Causes more pollution
4. Uncontrollable
5. Equally distributed all over the
world reach a sink such as ocean
or the soil.
6. The atmosphere can cleanse
itself from the pollutants given
sufficient time
• e.g. volcanic eruptions, sea salt
sprays, SPM, RPM, radio active
materials, atmospheric reactions.
Artificial/ Anthropogenic/ Man
made
1. Occurs due to manmade activities
2. Causes less pollution
3. Controllable
4. Gets distributed based on type and
size of the industry, development.
5. The emission of these pollutants is
at such massive rates
6. They overwhelm the capacity of
the environment to cleanse itself.
• e.g. pollution from industrial stacks,
aircrafts, fumes from vehicles(CO,
SOx and NOx )
36. Adverse effects
• May be divided into acute and chronic effects.
• Acute: High concentration for shorter duration.
• Chronic: lower concentration for higher
durations (prolonged periods).
37. Effects on human beings
S.No.: Pollutant Health effects
1. HCHO -Odors cause irritation to eye, skin, respiratory
system
-Effects Central Nervous System (CNS)
-Causes Cardiovascular problems
2. NH3 -Corrosive to mucous membrane
-Causes damage to eye and respiratory tract
3. SO2 -Air starvation when mixed with body fluids , forms
sulfuric acid which is a strong and corrosive acid.
4. CO -When inhaled, combines with blood and forms carb-
oxy hemoglobin
-Asphyxiation
-Very poisonous
-Persons look pale in color
38. Effects on human beings
S.No.: Pollutant Health effects
5. NOx -When inspired, even minute concentration causes
chronic irritation of respiratory tract, head ache
-Loss of appetite
-Causes corrosion of teeth
6. O3 -At high concentration, smells like chlorine
-Poisonous even at low concentrations
-Leads to asthma attacks
7. H2S -Causes headache, sleeplessness, eye pain,
conjunctivitis
-In high concentration, can lead to blockage of
oxygen transfer, acts as cell poison and damage nerve
tissues.
8. PM -Repiratory track problems
-Clinges to skin, hair and get adsorbed into body
-Causes silicosis, lung cancer diseases.
39. Effects on human beings
S.No.: Pollutant Health effects
9. Lead - Lead is neurotoxin whose poisoning results in
convulsions, delirium, coma, severe and irreversible brain
damage and death.
10. Cadmium - Cigarette smoking constitutes a major source for cadmium
accumulation in the body.
- It inhibits the performance of certain enzymes thereby
producing hypertension in humans. Also causes
cardiovascular diseases when exposed to fumes or oxides of
cadmium.
11. Mercury - Effects of mercury poisoning include neurological
damage, chromosomal aberrations and even death.
- Higher levels of mercury can build up in the fetus without
the mother showing any signs of illness. The effects are
congenital birth defects or the death of the fetus
12. Hydro carbons and
Photochemical Oxidants
-At the concentrations usually found in the urban air, causes
no adverse effects on human health.
-The oxidant produced in photochemical smog causes
irritation to the nose, throat and causes chest constriction.
40. Effects on Vegetation
• Leaf structure damage is visible incase of
vegetation.
• The pollutants try to enter through stomata and
diffuse to the surface of the cells within the leaf
causing damage to palisade and spongy
mesophyll.
• The damages are necrosis (dead areas), chlorosis
(loss or reduction chlorophyll), epinasty
(downward curvature of the leaf).
• Chemicals such as arsenic and fluorides when
deposited on the leaves can poison animals.
42. Effect on materials
• Particulates such as dust and fumes can
damage the exposed surfaces because of their
abrasive nature
• The most notorious pollutant responsible for
metallic corrosion is SO2.
• Ozone is also very reactive substance and
causes the cracking of synthetic rubbers at the
levels of 0.01 to 0.02 ppm.
51. Assignment
• Rank of Bhopal gas tragedy amongst world’s
disasters.
3
• Hiroshima and Nagasaki Atomic bomb disaster
– a case study.
• Most polluted city in India is ?
Delhi
55. INDOOR AIR QUALITY
• Refers to the air quality within and
around buildings and structures, especially as
it relates to the health and comfort of building
occupants
• NASA calls it Sick Building Syndrome.
56. Common Indoor Air Pollutants
• Molds
• Pollen
• Dander from pet fur
• Secondhand smoke
• Formaldehyde
• Fumes emitted by imported drywall
• Carbon monoxide that comes from burning
propane, other gases and fuels, and charcoal
• Household products such as cleaners and
pesticides
57. Preventive measures
• Open windows or run air conditioning or ventilation
systems to bring in fresh air.
• Clean to get rid of dust and pet fur.
• Fix water leaks to help keep mold away.
• Use bug spray only when absolutely necessary.
• Do not smoke inside.
• If you see or smell mold, clean it up with detergent and
water or a mix of no more than 1 cup of bleach mixed with
1 gallon of water. Never mix bleach with ammonia.
• If you smell gas, do not light any flames or sparks and leave
the building right away.
58. Air Quality Index (AQI)
• It is an indicator of air quality, based on air pollutants
that have adverse effects on human health and the
environment. The pollutants are ozone, fine particulate
matter, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur
dioxide and total reduced sulphur compounds.
• As the AQI increases, an increasingly large percentage
of the population is likely to experience increasingly
severe adverse health effects
• It can lead to suffering from lung diseases such as
asthma. It can also cause headaches, dry eyes, nasal
mucus, nausea and tiredness.
60. Each category corresponds to a
different level of health concern
• Good. The AQI value for your community is between 0 and 50. Air
quality is satisfactory and poses little or no health risk.
• Moderate. The AQI is between 51 and 100. Air quality is
acceptable; however, pollution in this range may pose a moderate
health concern for a very small number of individuals. People who
are unusually sensitive to ozone or particle pollution may experience
respiratory symptoms.
• Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups. When AQI values are between
101 and 150, members of sensitive groups may experience health
effects, but the general public is unlikely to be affected.
- Ozone: People with lung disease, children, older adults and people
who are active outdoors are considered sensitive and therefore at
greater risk
- Particle pollution: People with heart or lung disease, older adults,1
and children are considered sensitive and therefore at greater risk.
61. • Unhealthy. Everyone may begin to experience
health effects when AQI values are between 151
and 200. Members of sensitive groups may
experience more serious health effects.
• Very Unhealthy. AQI values between 201 and
300 trigger a health alert, meaning everyone may
experience more serious health effects.
• Hazardous. AQI values over 300 trigger health
warnings of emergency conditions. The entire
population is even more likely to be affected by
serious health effects