PM is a complex mixture of air borne particles that differ in size, origin and chemical composition, all of which are <10 µm in size.
US EPA described PM pollution as ‘mixture of mixtures’.
PM is among the most harmful of all air pollutants.
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Atmospheric particulate matter, Sources Of Particulate Matter
Industrial Sources of Particulate Emissions
Types Of Particulate Matter
Important Terms Describing Atmospheric Particles
Particulate Matter And Health
General Methods For Control Of Particulate Emissions
Particulate Collection Mechanism
Air Quality Sampling and Monitoring: Stack sampling, instrumentation and methods of analysis of SO2, CO etc, legislation for control of air pollution and automobile
pollution
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Atmospheric particulate matter, Sources Of Particulate Matter
Industrial Sources of Particulate Emissions
Types Of Particulate Matter
Important Terms Describing Atmospheric Particles
Particulate Matter And Health
General Methods For Control Of Particulate Emissions
Particulate Collection Mechanism
Air Quality Sampling and Monitoring: Stack sampling, instrumentation and methods of analysis of SO2, CO etc, legislation for control of air pollution and automobile
pollution
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History of Air pollution and episodes, Sources of air pollution and types, Introduction
to meteorology and transport of air pollution: Global winds, Headley cells, wind rose terrestrial wind profile, Effects of terrain and topography on winds, lapse rate, maximum mixing depths, plume rise
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This presentation gives the complete detail of air, air pollution, air pollutants and their types, each pollutant in detail and its causes and effects, acid rain, methods of prevention,smog,acidification,indoor pollution and so on. It is a complete package and I hope it'll be helpful in school! :)
PARTICULATE MATTER IN DETAIL 2017 (UPDATED) AMIR HASSAN
Environmental air pollution contain the most toxic substance called particulate matter discuss in detail by AMIR HASSAN OF POST GRADUATE COLLAGE MARDAN KPK (PAKISTAN)
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Smog is a kind of intense air pollution, originally named for the mixture of smoke and fog in the air. Major cities around the world are experiencing the effects of air pollution.
History of Air pollution and episodes, Sources of air pollution and types, Introduction
to meteorology and transport of air pollution: Global winds, Headley cells, wind rose terrestrial wind profile, Effects of terrain and topography on winds, lapse rate, maximum mixing depths, plume rise
Air pollution: its causes,effects and pollutantsMaliha Eesha
This presentation gives the complete detail of air, air pollution, air pollutants and their types, each pollutant in detail and its causes and effects, acid rain, methods of prevention,smog,acidification,indoor pollution and so on. It is a complete package and I hope it'll be helpful in school! :)
PARTICULATE MATTER IN DETAIL 2017 (UPDATED) AMIR HASSAN
Environmental air pollution contain the most toxic substance called particulate matter discuss in detail by AMIR HASSAN OF POST GRADUATE COLLAGE MARDAN KPK (PAKISTAN)
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
: Air pollution is the presence of substances in ambient atmosphere, generally resulting from the activity of man in sufficient concentration, present for sufficient time and cause harmful effect on humans, plants and animals.
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Under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become tissue- or organ-specific cells with special functions.
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Vaccines are cheap, cost – effective , easily administered and adaptable to mass vaccination.
Viral diseases can be managed through vaccination.
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Communities can be characterized by their structure (the types and numbers of species present) and dynamics (how communities change over time).
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The majority of organisms show daily and annual cycles of activity and development.
Thermodynamic laws describe the flows and interchanges of heat, energy and matter.
Almost all chemical and biochemical processes are as a result of transformation of energy.
Laws can provide important insights into metabolism and bioenergetics.
The energy exchanges between the system and the surroundings balance each other.
There is a hierarchy of energetics among organisms
The active principles of the endocrine glands are called hormones.
Hormones are specific chemical substances discharged directly into the blood.
The blood distributes the hormones through out the body.
Water is one of the prime elements responsible for life on earth.
Water sustains life and maintains ecological balance.
Water is the essential component of global life support system.
The muscle are biological motors which convert chemical energy into force and mechanical work.
This biological machinery is composed of proteins – which is actomyosin and the fuel is ATP.
With the use of muscles we are able to act on our environment.
Nervous system forms an interconnecting fibers of communication network.
In the ‘hard-wiring’ of the nerves, the signals travel in the form of a flow of electrical current called nerve impulses.
The stimulus-response reactions afford internal constancy in the face of environmental changes.
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Each enzyme acts on a specific reactant, the substrate.
Enzymes are characterized by greater activity, specificity and susceptibility to the influence of pH, temperature and other environmental changes.
Enzymes act in the presence of non-peptide cofactors or coenzymes.
An enzyme lacking its cofactor is called apoenzyme and the active enzyme with its co-factor, the holoenzyme.
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Global warming is an increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to rising levels of greenhouse gases.
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Heavy metals are Globally distributed
pollutants
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PCR is used in medical and biological research, including cloning, genetic analysis, genetic fingerprinting, diagnostics, pathogen detection and genetic fingerprinting
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Electrophoresis is an analytical method of separating charged particles based on their relative mobilities in an electric field
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It is an effective diagnostic tool in clinical pathology.
Histological preparations reveal normal tissue structure, tissue abnormalities and cancerous conditions.
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In gene therapy, a "normal" gene is inserted into the genome to replace an "abnormal," disease-causing gene
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More from St.Xavier's College , Palayamkottai - 627 002 (20)
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
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The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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1. Particulate matter pollution
Presented by
Dr. B. Victor., Ph. D
Email : bonfiliusvictor@gmail.com
Blog: bonvictor.blogspot.com
2. Presentation outline
• What is particulate matter ?
• Sources ,types and sizes of PM.
• Characteristics of PM
• Particle pollution.
• Particle deposition in human lungs.
• Adverse health effects.
• People at risk to particle pollution.
• Environmental impacts.
• Conclusion.
3. Particulate matter (PM)
• PM is a complex mixture of air borne particles
that differ in size, origin and chemical
composition, all of which are <10 µm in size.
• E.g. dust, smoke, soot
Suspended Respirable
Particulate
Particulate Suspended
Matter, PM
Matter, SPM Particles, RSP
Fine particles soot
4. Facts about PM pollution
• PM is one of the six EPA ‘criteria pollutants’.
• PM has no fixed composition. The particles may
consist either of only one chemical (e.g. sulphate,
sulphuric acid, or lead oxide ) OR a number of
pollutants ( organic chemicals, metals, dust ).
• US EPA described PM pollution as ‘mixture of
mixtures’.
• PM is among the most harmful of all air
pollutants.
6. Sources of particulate
matter
Natural Particulates Anthropogenic
Originates from particulates
volcanoes,
Originates from
Dust storms,
Burning fossil fuels,
Forest and grassland fires,
Incinerating wastes and
Living vegetation and
Smelting metals
Sea spray.
7. PM
• PM composed of liquid aerosol particles and
solid aerosol particles –suspended in and
move with the air.
• Aerosol are droplets of liquids.
• Generally below 5 µm size.
8. Types of PM particles
Primary particles
• Directly emitted from sources
Secondary particles
• Form as a result of the interaction of
chemicals such as SO2, NOx and VOCs
with other compounds in the air.
9. Sources of PM and PM precursors
• Mobile sources – Vehicles – VOCs , NO2, PM
• Stationary sources – power plants, factories –
NO2, SO2, PM
• Area sources – dry cleaners, gas stations –
VOCs.
• Natural sources – forest fires, volcanoes, PM
12. Characteristics of particles
• Inhalable coarse particles, Diameter range 10 -2.5 microns.
• Undergo rapid sedimentation
• Occur near roadways and dusty industries.
PM10 • Bypass the body’s natural defenses in the nose and throat and enter lungs.
• Fine particles, particle diameter 2.5 microns.
• Remains suspended in the air and can travel extremely long distances.
• Emitted from power plants, industries, and automobiles.
PM 2.5 • Penetrate deeper into the lungs and damage lung tissues.
• Ultra-fine particles, nano-particulates, smaller than 0.1 micron diameter.
• Consist primarily of inorganic ions, hydrocarbons and metals.
• Pass from lung tissue into blood stream.
PM 0.1 • Circulate like oxygen molecules.
13. Suspended particulate matter (SPM)
• About 100 microns in diameter
Dust • Removed in the nasal passages
• e.g. coal dust, cement dust
Fumes • Suspended solids, <I micron in diameter.
• Zinc or lead oxides
Mist • Liquid droplets, diameter <2.0 microns
• e.g. Sulphuric acid mist
smoke • Solid particles, 0.05 – 1.0 microns
• Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels
Aerosol • Liquid or solid aerosols, <1.0 micron.
14. Major features of particles
• Inhalable particles
PM10 • Deposit in the extra thoracic
/upper tracheo-branchial region
PM 2.5 • Fine particles
• Deposit in deeper lung
PM 0.1
• Ultra-fine particles
• Pass into the circulatory system
15. Sources of particle pollution
• Motor vehicle emissions
• Power generation
• Industrial combustion
• Metal smelting
• Wood / biomass burning
• Construction / demolition
• Road dust
16. Determinants of PM concentration
Weather Stability Height of
Temperature
wind Turbulence precipitation Topography smoke
(Air Vertical Of gases
patterns movement) stack
17. Particle deposition in the lungs
Coarse • Deposit in the upper respiratory tract and
large airways (nose and throat) and are
particles cleared out.
Fine • Penetrate deep into the lungs and reach
terminal bronchioles and alveoli.
particles • Stay there longer periods of time.
Ultra-fine • Enter the blood and travel through out the
body.
particles
Particle size is the most important factor for target tissue deposition
18. Potential health effects of PM
Impact on pulmonary
system
Lung injury
Altered lung function
Aggravation of pulmonary disease
Altered pulmonary immune response
19. Adverse health effects
• Irritate the eye, nose and throat.
• Inflammation of lung tissue.
• Decreased lung function.
• Development of chronic lung disease.
• Severity of asthma attacks in children.
• Pre-term birth and low birth weight.
• Premature death in people with heart and
lung disease.
20. People at risk
(sensitive human population )
1. Children under 18 age.
2. Adults 65 and older.
3. Anyone with chronic lung diseases such as
asthma, chronic bronchitis or emphysema.
4. Anyone with a cardiovascular disease.
5. Anyone with diabetes.
21. Environmental impact
• Impairment of visibility- fine particles reduce
visibility.
• Damage to environment – particles can be carried
over long distances by wind and settle on ground
or water. They make lakes and streams acidic,
deplete nutrients in soil and damage sensitive
forests and farm crops.
• Aesthetic effects – settling particles on statues
and monuments can stain or damage stone and
other materials.
22. Health effects of long-term exposure
to anthropogenic particulates
• Asthma
• Bronchitis
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD).
• Pneumonia
• Upper respiratory tract or lower respiratory
tract disorders.
• Lung cancer.
23. About the presenter
• Dr.B.Victor is a highly experienced postgraduate
biology teacher, recently retired from the
reputed educational institution - St. Xavier’ s
College, Palayamkottai, India-627001.
• He was the dean of sciences and assistant
controller of examinations.
• He has more than 32 years of teaching and
research experience
• He has taught a diversity of courses ranging
from pre- university to post graduate classes.
• Send your comments to :
bonfiliusvictor@gmail.com