This document discusses air pollution, its sources, classification, and impacts on human health and the environment. It provides the following key points:
- Air pollution kills an estimated 7 million people worldwide each year. Many cities in India, including Delhi, are among the most polluted in the world.
- Both natural sources like dust storms and volcanoes as well as anthropogenic sources like vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and biomass burning contribute to air pollution.
- Major air pollutants are particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and lead. Exposure can cause respiratory and cardiovascular issues.
- National standards have been established in India to monitor six criteria pollut
Air pollution occurs when harmful substances released in or excessive quantities including gases, particles, and biological molecules to Earth's atmosphere. Life expectancy has gone down by 2.6 years due to air pollution. Delhi, Mumbai, Gurugram comes under most polluted cities of the world.
Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful gases into Earth's atmosphere, causing disease, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or built environment. Air pollution may come from anthropogenic or natural sources.
Air pollution occurs when harmful substances released in or excessive quantities including gases, particles, and biological molecules to Earth's atmosphere. Life expectancy has gone down by 2.6 years due to air pollution. Delhi, Mumbai, Gurugram comes under most polluted cities of the world.
Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful gases into Earth's atmosphere, causing disease, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or built environment. Air pollution may come from anthropogenic or natural sources.
: Air pollution is the presence of substances in ambient atmosphere, generally resulting from the activity of man in sufficient concentration, present for sufficient time and cause harmful effect on humans, plants and animals.
Air Pollution has been one of the biggest problems that the humans have been facing over the years. This is not an issue for some specific country; it is important for people across the world to curb the issues related to air pollution. The Air pollution index has been at all-time highs for quite some time. The effects of air pollution can be severe and very impacting to your overall health.
Air Pollution: Ways to tackle it in India vs other countriesUnnati Garg
Presentation on Air Pollution: Ways to tackle it in India vs other countries. It includes the causes of air pollution and ways to eradicate it used by India and other countries.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Air pollution Control Methods and Equipments by AmitabhAmitabh Gupta
This ppt shows Control methods of Air Pollution at Source level, reduction of air pollution at the individual level and innovation to control air pollution worldwide.
Air pollution: its causes,effects and pollutantsMaliha Eesha
This presentation gives the complete detail of air, air pollution, air pollutants and their types, each pollutant in detail and its causes and effects, acid rain, methods of prevention,smog,acidification,indoor pollution and so on. It is a complete package and I hope it'll be helpful in school! :)
Causes, Effects & Solutions to Air PollutionLiang Ying Ee
The following includes the subtopic covered in this presentation slides:
1) Basics of Air Pollution
2) Facts & Statistics
3) Indoor Air Pollution
4) Air Purification Methods
5) Commercial Products in Market
Case studies in improving urban air qualityngocjos
IGU study finds that the switch to natural gas helps mega-cities dramatically improve air quality and reduce emissions of GHG and air pollutants – enhancing and saving lives. On the sidelines of the COP21 negotiations in Paris the IGU has released a major study that highlights the interconnection that exists between reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing emissions of other air pollutants. It presents case studies of efforts in four cities — New York, Istanbul, Toronto, and Beijing — that have tackled or are tackling the issue of improving urban air quality and where gas has featured as the main contributor to their efforts. These cities can provide lessons for other cities seeking to reduce the potentially severe health consequences of urban air pollution.
: Air pollution is the presence of substances in ambient atmosphere, generally resulting from the activity of man in sufficient concentration, present for sufficient time and cause harmful effect on humans, plants and animals.
Air Pollution has been one of the biggest problems that the humans have been facing over the years. This is not an issue for some specific country; it is important for people across the world to curb the issues related to air pollution. The Air pollution index has been at all-time highs for quite some time. The effects of air pollution can be severe and very impacting to your overall health.
Air Pollution: Ways to tackle it in India vs other countriesUnnati Garg
Presentation on Air Pollution: Ways to tackle it in India vs other countries. It includes the causes of air pollution and ways to eradicate it used by India and other countries.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Air pollution Control Methods and Equipments by AmitabhAmitabh Gupta
This ppt shows Control methods of Air Pollution at Source level, reduction of air pollution at the individual level and innovation to control air pollution worldwide.
Air pollution: its causes,effects and pollutantsMaliha Eesha
This presentation gives the complete detail of air, air pollution, air pollutants and their types, each pollutant in detail and its causes and effects, acid rain, methods of prevention,smog,acidification,indoor pollution and so on. It is a complete package and I hope it'll be helpful in school! :)
Causes, Effects & Solutions to Air PollutionLiang Ying Ee
The following includes the subtopic covered in this presentation slides:
1) Basics of Air Pollution
2) Facts & Statistics
3) Indoor Air Pollution
4) Air Purification Methods
5) Commercial Products in Market
Case studies in improving urban air qualityngocjos
IGU study finds that the switch to natural gas helps mega-cities dramatically improve air quality and reduce emissions of GHG and air pollutants – enhancing and saving lives. On the sidelines of the COP21 negotiations in Paris the IGU has released a major study that highlights the interconnection that exists between reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing emissions of other air pollutants. It presents case studies of efforts in four cities — New York, Istanbul, Toronto, and Beijing — that have tackled or are tackling the issue of improving urban air quality and where gas has featured as the main contributor to their efforts. These cities can provide lessons for other cities seeking to reduce the potentially severe health consequences of urban air pollution.
This powerpoint presentation covers the Air Pollution, its causes , effects, mitigation measures, etc.
It also contains the Delhi Smog and its cause and steps taken to ensure better air quality
Aerosols, comprising suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere, pose significant challenges to environmental and public health. Ensuring the accuracy and reliability of aerosol quality measurements is essential for assessing their impacts on air quality, climate, and human health. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the various quality testing methods employed for aerosols, encompassing both traditional and emerging techniques. We discuss the principles, advantages, limitations, and applications of key quality testing methods, including gravimetric analysis, optical particle counting, chemical analysis, remote sensing, and advanced spectroscopic techniques. Additionally, we highlight recent advancements and innovations in quality testing methodologies, such as real-time monitoring, machine learning algorithms, and sensor networks. By synthesizing existing literature and technological developments, this review aims to inform researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in aerosol monitoring and management.
Health Effects and Burden of Air Pollution: in Global and Nepal's PerspectiveYadav Joshi
Air pollution is a serious public health issue in Nepal where a total of 33,000 deaths annually occur due to air pollution. The indoor, outdoor and transboundary forms of air pollution are major causes of a burden to public health. In Kathmandu valley, PAHCs are major threats mostly in children. Due to lack of available health and AAQ related database, it is difficult to establish the relationships on adverse health effects of air pollution in Nepal
The government must provide opportunities to environmental health researchers and academicians in research. South Asian countries must integrate to solve the air pollution-related health issues. As an environmental epidemiologist, I am eagerly looking forward to joining the researchers who are working in this area.
Related links:
http://kutniti.com/index.php/2015/09/20/air-pollution-a-migraine-for-south-asia/
http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-01-25/nepals-air-quality-is-worst-in-the-world-epi-report.html
https://danwatch.dk/en/undersoegelse/massive-pollution-at-carlsberg-brewery-in-nepal/
http://janatapostdaily.com/news-details/1046/2018-02-07
http://kutniti.com/index.php/2015/07/08/adverse-health-consequences-of-climate-change-south-asian-perspective/
Air pollution : Definition and sources (automobiles,industries,domestic sources and miscellaneous)
this presentation also useful for #school level presentation
Running head AIR POLLUTION BY HAZE 1AIR POLLUTION BY HAZE 1.docxtoddr4
Running head: AIR POLLUTION BY HAZE 1
AIR POLLUTION BY HAZE 1
Air Pollution by Haze
Student’s Name
Instructor’s Name
Date
Abstract
Air pollution is a critical problem of the modern world, which has posed dangerous toxicological effects to the environment and human health. Haze is among the most significant pollutants of the new civilized world. Haze originates from various emissions; however, industrial processes and vehicular emissions contribute to significant factors that lead to the formation of haze. As documented by the World Health Organization, six principal air contaminants include ground-level ozone, lead, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxides, and Sulphur dioxide. Continuous exposure to factors that contribute to the formation of haze promote various toxicological effects on human life such as cardiovascular as well as respiratory ailments, irritation of the eyes, long term chronic ailments like cancer, and neuropsychiatric issues. Air pollution by haze is reported to be a major environmental threat in the progression and incidence of some health complications such as low birth weight, asthma, Alzheimer and Parkinson’ diseases, lung cancer, autism, fetal growth, psychological problems, and ventricular hypertrophy. In this research paper, major causes of pollution by haze are discussed, emission sources and subsequent effects on human wellbeing.
Air Pollution by Haze
The social and economic activities of densely populated areas release large volumes of fine particulate matters. While these fine particulate materials unendingly pile beyond the ability of atmospheric self-cleaning to eradicate it, the haze weather is created. Haze weather is usually a mixture of the effects of stable and static weather. Current scientific studies conducted mostly in western Europe and North America demonstrate that air pollution in urban areas as a result of haze is triggering numerous health issues from eye itching to death. Increase in the speed for urbanization and industrialization in major cities of the world has led to growth in the badness of urban air pollution. “Amounts of fine particles are usually in thousands of micrograms in cubic meter across many cities of the world that are going through modern industrialization” (Astrobum, Apr 30 2017). Grievous installments of air pollution have wrapped a better part of the world. By November 2015, for instance, in China, the cities located to the northern area of the country have recently experienced high levels of haze due to the rise in particulate matter. The particulate matter increased from 360 to 700 µg/m3 up to 28 times much above the levels recommended by the world health organization (WHO).
Exposure to particulate matter has often been linked with numerous health problems; however, issues related to mortality are undeniably the most important to address since they are also among the prevalently amenable issues to the assessment of the world. Most epidemiological da.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Basic phrases for greeting and assisting costumers
Air pollution
1. Air Pollution
By: Mohammad Asif
(Research Scholar)
Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences.
GNDU.
2. INTRODUCTION
Air pollution may be defined as contamination of the atmosphere by
gaseous, liquid, and solid or by-products that can endanger human health
and welfare of plants and animals, attack materials, reduce visibility or
produce undesirable odors.
Air pollution kills an estimated seven million people worldwide every
year.
WHO data shows that 9 out of 10 people breathe air that exceeds WHO
guideline limits containing high levels of pollutants, with low and middle-
income countries suffering from the highest exposures.
As per the recent Environment Performance Index (EPI) 2020, India
ranked 172 out of 180 countries in air quality.
It is reported that twenty-two of the world's 30 most polluted cities are
in India, with Delhi being ranked as the most polluted city globally
3. Sources of air pollutants
Natural Sources:
Pollen grains, volcanic
eruptions, forest fires, dust
storms, spores bacteria and
other microorganisms.
Anthropogenic Sources:
Industrial units, thermal
power plants, automobile
exhausts, Biomass burning,
mining and nuclear
explosion.
4. Classification of air pollutants
According to origin: The
air pollutants are classified
into:
Primary pollutants: The
pollutants that are
emitted directly from
identifiable sources.
Secondary air pollutants:
Which are produced in the
atmosphere when certain
chemical reaction take
place among primary
pollutants.
5. EPA use six ‘Criteria pollutants’ as indicators of air quality.
1. Particulate matter (PM10 , PM2.5 PM1) :Particle of different size suspended in air.
6. .
Fine particles come from varieties of sources:
Transportation
Power plants
Construction activities
Woodstoves
Wildfires.
Biomass burning
Effects of particulate matter.
Premature death
Aggravated asthma
Acute respiratory problems
Chronic bronchitis
Decrease lung function.
7. 2. Sulphur dioxide:
Sulfur dioxide can create secondary pollutants once released
into the air, like sulfate aerosols, particulate matter, and acid
rain.
67% of the SOX pollution due to volcanic activities and other
sources.
Remaining due to fossil fuel burning, transportation and
Industrial activities.
Effects:
Respiratory problems
Marbles, clothes, paper, also affected.
Sulfur dioxide affects the respiratory system, particularly
lung function, and can irritate the eyes.
Deposition of particles can also stain and damage stone and
other materials, including culturally important objects such
as statues and monuments.
8. 3. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
composed of nitrogen and oxygen and is one of
a group of related gases called nitrogen oxides,
or NOx.
Fuel combustion in automobiles and industries.
Lightening
Forest fires
Ionizing radiations
Effects:
Reduce blood carrying capacity
Cause lung problems
Exposures over short periods can aggravate
respiratory diseases, particularly asthma,
leading to respiratory symptoms (such as
coughing, wheezing or difficulty breathing),
9. 4. Carbon monoxide (CO):
produced in the incomplete
combustion of carbon-containing
fuels, such as gasoline, natural
gas, oil, coal, and wood.
Breathing air with a high
concentration of CO reduces the
amount of oxygen that can be
transported in the blood stream
to critical organs like the heart
and brain
10. 5. OZONE (O3).
Tropospheric ozone (often termed
"bad" ozone) is man-made, a result of
air pollution from internal combustion
engines and power plants. Automobile
exhaust and industrial emissions
release a family of nitrogen oxide
gases (NOx) and volatile organic
compounds (VOC), by-products of
burning gasoline and coal.
NOx and VOC combine chemically
with oxygen to form ozone during
sunny, high-temperature conditions of
late spring, summer and early fall.
High levels of ozone are usually
formed in the heat of the afternoon
and early evening, dissipating during
the cooler nights.
11. 6.Lead (Pb):
Major sources of lead in the air are metals processing and piston-engine aircraft
operating on leaded aviation fuel. Other sources are waste incinerators, utilities,
and lead-acid battery manufacturers.
Humans may be exposed to lead from air pollution directly, through inhalation, or
through the incidental ingestion of lead that has settled out from the air onto soil or
dust.
Once taken into the body, lead distributes throughout the body in the blood and
accumulates in the bones.
Depending on the level of exposure, lead can adversely affect the nervous system,
kidney function, immune system, reproductive and developmental systems, and the
cardiovascular system.
Lead exposure also affects the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
12. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
Government of India has laid down National Ambient Air Quality standards for
twelve air pollutants.
The NAAQS helps in assessment of air quality with respect to various
pollutants and development of preventive and corrective measures for
mitigation.
14. National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP)
To monitor and control of various air pollutants, Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB) has been provided with various powers and functions under the Air
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
CPCB had launched a nationwide program viz. National Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring Programme (NAAQM) in 1984, which has been renamed as National Air
Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP).
As of February 2021, real-time data from 276 continuous ambient air quality
monitoring stations (CAAQMS) in 145 Indian cities are hosted on a public
dashboard maintained by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the nation’s
apex pollution regulating agency.
15.
16. Trend of different air pollutants in Amritsar
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
SO2,NO2
Conc
.
Concentration
PM10,
PM2.5
(μg/m3
)
PM2.5 PM10 NO2 SO2
17. Source apportionment study
To improve the air quality management system, there is also the need of knowing
the particular source of pollution and its quantitative contribution to the ambient
air quality. This can be done through the source apportionment study.
Most recent reviews agrees that, the human health effects should not be attributed
simply to the total PM concentration but to the toxic chemical components
concentration associated with particulate matter.
Chemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of Particulate matter:-
Particulate matters have been described as one of the primary air pollutant
containing a wide spectrum of elements, heavy metals and water soluble ions with
different degree of harmfulness as well as severe impact on the respiratory system.
In order to investigate the properties of atmospheric pollution, there is a need for
studies concerning concentration and composition of inhalable particles.
18. N
A
T
I
O
N
A
L
Study Site Period Particl
e Size
SO4
2- NO3
- Cl- F- Na+ K+ Ca2+ Mg2+ NH4
+ References
Delhi
Dec-2011
Feb-212 2.5 53.19 2.49 5.27 0.1 1.38 7.7 3.06 0.2 10.9 Kumar et al.,
2018
Amritsar Punjab
Dec-2011
Feb-2012 2.5 32.25 5.99 1.08 0.01 0.6 2.85 0.91 0.09 7.54 Kumar et al.,
2018
Jorhat Assam
Jan-2007
Jan-2008 2.5 18.17 5.52 0.14 2.13 Khare et al.,
2010
Vishakapatnam
Andhra
Pradesh
Apr-2010
Dec-2011 10 3.198 1.833 0.94
8
0.12
7
0.710 2.36 2.87 Police et al.,
2016
Delhi
Jan-Dec.
2011 10 15.69 3.06 0.78 0.24 0.80 1.73 3.51 0.28 3.00 Kumar et al.,
2016
INTER-
NATIONAL
Lahore July-
2018
2.5 14.8 8.6 4.9 1.4 0.9 3.9 0.6 5.0 Ahmed et al.,
2020
Zhengzhou
China 2010 2.5 25.7 16.7 6.4 0.8 1.2 0.141 0.099 0.047 0.088 Gent et al.,
2013
19. Cont.
the studies on water soluble ions, trace and heavy metal distribution in fine and
coarse particles become important in understanding the source of pollution and
chemical transformation Kumar et al., 2018.
Analysis of water soluble ions can be done by Ion Chromatography and elemental
species can be analyzed using ICP/MS and ICP/AES techniques.
For the identification and apportionment, a receptor model of PMF (Positive Matrix
Factorization) can be applied to identify the pollution sources and their potential
contributions of PM.
Positive matrix factorization is a widely used multivariate factor analysis model for
source identification of various pollutants.
Positive Matrix Factorization is based on the principal that there exist a
relationship between sources and receptor.
20. Stubble burning and air pollution
Stubble burning a significant contributor to atmospheric pollution, coming in 3rd
after industrial and vehicular emissions.
Between October and November every year, farmers in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar
Pradesh have a rather short window to harvest the paddy crop planted in the
monsoon and prepare their fields to sow the next crop, which is usually wheat.
Stubble burning can contribute between 20% to 70% of Delhi’s air pollution.
Recently, the scientists have developed a bio-decomposer technique called ‘PUSA
Decomposers’ for converting crop stubble into compost.
The decomposers are in the form of capsules made by extracting fungi strains that
help the paddy straw to decompose at a much faster rate than usual.
The fungi helps to produce the essential enzymes for the degradation process.
It takes around 20 days for the degradation process to be completed.
23. Recommendations/suggestions to improve the air quality in
urban areas,
Effective control measures of pollution, and proper installation of air pollution
control devices and their smooth functioning must be ensured before the
establishment of any industry.
Emission from construction industries / activities can be minimized by adopting best
practices such as; use of water sprays for dust suppression, creating ridges to
prevent dust, compaction of disturbed soil, prevention of dumping of earth
materials along roadside etc.
There should be strict restrictions on old polluting vehicles and subsidies can be
given on the vehicles running on cleaner fuels.
Vegetation cover should be increased along the highways, road dividers, and busy
traffic intersection points.
Mass awareness should be increased through electronic and print media for all age
groups.
Research and development for the battery-run buses/cars etc. needs to be
promoted.
