This document discusses adult learning principles and how they differ from traditional pedagogy. It defines key concepts like andragogy, the difference between teaching and learning, and learning theories. The main principles of adult learning are that adults are self-directed, draw on life experiences, are problem-centered, and want learning to be relevant. Effective teaching incorporates these principles by involving learners, acknowledging their expertise, relating topics to real-life, and treating students as equals. The goal is to help adults acquire knowledge and skills in a way that works best for their stage of life.

1. Adult learning (Andragogy)
Dr Lokendra Sharma
Professor Pharmacology
SMS Medical College
Jaipur
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2. WHAT ARE THE
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES ?.
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3. Objectives ?
 Definition of Learning
 Difference between Teaching & Learning
 Principles of Learning
 Principles of Adult learning
 How are learning theories
connected with Medical Education
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4. Adult Learning
• Life long learning
• Medical education is a continuous life time
commitment to learning while working
• Art science of helping adult learning
• MCI Incorporate ALP in medical education as
innovation in medical education
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5. Malcolm Shepherd
Knowles ?.
• Professor of adult education
• Self directed learning
• Theorist and promoter
• Influence Americans and American
democracy
• Director of adult education
association of America
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6. Definition of Learning
• Learning is the life long process of
transforming information and
• Experience into knowledge, skills
• Behaviors, and
• Attitudes
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7. What about Learning theories
?
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8. Is the process of developing theories
similar to process of learning ?
Development of theories ?
What about Learning
a linear process?
“Is learning a cyclic process”?
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9. What is difference between
Teaching? & Learning ?
.
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10. Teaching ?
Teaching is to impart
knowledge or skill
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11. Learning is to acquire
knowledge or skill by study.
Input-Process-Output
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12. .
• What difference do you see in
School teaching &
• The undergraduate/postgraduate
teaching
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13. 10/4/2017 Lokendra Sharma

14. .Childhood
Learning ?
Mandatory
Time and
schedule is
structured
Usually free
Repetition
 Testing as feedback
Adult
learning ?
Voluntary
Students mange
their own time
Expensive
Conceptual
Contextual
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15. .Childhood
Learning
Gathering
building blocks
Adult
learning
Continuous
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16. . Childhood
Learning
Vertical and
additive?
Adult
learning
Horizontal and
integrated?
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17. Teaching-Learning (TL)
What & how students learn
Why some of them don’t learn
When do they learn better
Purpose of teaching is not mere passing on
information but develop life long learning
habit
“Making it an enjoyable process”
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18. Learning
Quantitative increase in knowledge.
Acquiring information or ‘knowing a
lot’.
 Memorizing.
 Storing information that can be
reproduced.
Acquiring facts, skills, and methods that
can be retained and used as necessary.
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19. Learning Process Circular Dynamic
Process
New experience
Registration
&Analysis
Action &
Analysis
Another
experience/exposure
Repetition of process
till a demonstrable
Change in learner
• Circular Dynamic
Process
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20. “A teacher
can never
truly teach,
unless he is
still learning
himself
”
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21. 10/4/2017 Lokendra Sharma

22. Basic Principles of Learning
1) Relevance
 Explain how learning
objective relate to
learning activities
 Better with subject
matters of
immediate
relevance
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23. 2).Sequential Learning
• Adding to existing knowledge
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24. 3) Keep it interesting
• Simplecomplex
• Make it contextual
• More Photo/images
/ videos
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25. 4) Active Involvement
• learner (self)
• Eg. Small group discussion,
interactivity in
large group etc
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26. 5) Feedback Constructive Sandwich
feedback
• Establish a climate conducive to feedback and
learning
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27. 6) Rebound effect of Evaluation
Students usually learn for exams
can be used for better
learning
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28. 7) Miscellaneous:
(a) Defined
objectives
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29. 7) Miscellaneous:
(b)Judicious use of AV aids
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30. 7) Miscellaneous:
(c)Proper body language
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31. Basic Principles
of Learning
7) Miscellaneous
contd.
-Good eye
contact
Smiles
Active listening
skills
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32. Assumption about adult learning
• Independent and self directing
• Great deal of experience
• Integrate with demand of there every day life
• Immediate problem centered approaches
• Learn by internal motivated drive
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33. 10/4/2017 Lokendra Sharma

34. What are the Principles of adult
learning ?
.
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35. 1. Adult learners are autonomous and
self-directed.
 Involve participants, the accept
responsibility for there own learning
 Serve as facilitator.
 Determine interests of learners.
 Largely within learners’ control

36. 2. Adult learners have a foundation of
life experiences and knowledge.
 Recognize expertise of
participants/Student
 Encourage participants /Student
to share their experiences and
knowledge.

37. 3. Adult learners are goal-
oriented.
 Be organized.
 Have clear objectives.

38. 4. Adult learners are
relevancy-oriented.
 Explain how learning /training
objectives relate to training
activities.

39. 5. Adult learners are practical.
Show relevance of
training to
job/practical work.

40. 6. Adult learners need to
be respected.
 Acknowledge the wealth of
knowledge and experiences the
participants /student bring to the
training.
 Treat the participants as equals
rather than subordinates.

41. Learning pyramid
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42. What is Andragogy &
Pedagogy ?
.
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43. Andragogy Vs Pedagogy
The art and science of teaching
Adults Vs Child
Process-based Vs Content-
based
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44. What is Pedagogy ???
Content Based learning
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45. Pedagogy is teacher-centered and
subject-centered
Andragogy is student-centered
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46. Conclusion: REMEMBER our
students are ADULTS
How to incorporate adult learning principles effectively:
Adults…
 have plenty of past experience.
 have variable educational orientation
 need to have their abilities and achievements
honoured
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47. REMEMBER our students are
ADULTS
 do best in an environment where they feel safe,
accepted, and respected
 like to share in the setting learning objectives
 like to have choice
 like to solve problems
 like to apply what they learn to real situations
 want and need feedback
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48. Good teaching practices
• Intended as guidelines for
 Faculty members,
 Students, and
 Administrators “To improve teaching and learning”
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49. Basic principles of good
teaching practices
 Encourage contact between students and faculty
Develop reciprocity and cooperation among students
 Encourage active learning
Give prompt feedback
Emphasize task on time
Communicate high expectations
Respect diverse talents and ways of learning
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50. We as educators need to reconsider our
role in students lives , to think of ourselves
as connectors first and content experts
second
• .
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51. Thank You
Dr Lokendra Sharma