An abdominal surgery is a surgical repair, resection, or reconstruction of organs inside the abdominal cavity. These surgical wounds made over the abdomen are known as abdominal incisions.
These power-point presentation is precisely made to cover all the aspects of surgical incision required in physiotherapy.
An incision in the abdomen is an opening or a cut made by the surgeon. An incision in the abdomen is an opening or a cut made by the surgeon. It is done to permit access to abdominal organs for surgery. The selection of an incision depends on. Underlying condition prompting the surgery.
'Surgical Incisions on Abdominal Wall', a Surgical Anatomy Seminar by 1st yr MBBS students of Venkateswara Institute of Medical Science, Galraula, UP. India
An incision in the abdomen is an opening or a cut made by the surgeon. An incision in the abdomen is an opening or a cut made by the surgeon. It is done to permit access to abdominal organs for surgery. The selection of an incision depends on. Underlying condition prompting the surgery.
'Surgical Incisions on Abdominal Wall', a Surgical Anatomy Seminar by 1st yr MBBS students of Venkateswara Institute of Medical Science, Galraula, UP. India
Establishing the need for a surgical intervention
Confirmation of relevant physical findings and review of the clinical history and laboratory investigations that support the need of surgical intervention
Type of approach- Benefits & Risks of surgical procedure
The incision site- ease of surgery as well as cosmetic considerations
Type of anesthesia
compartment syndrome, causes, compartments of legs,compartments of forearm,compartments of hand,compartments of foot, compartments of arm,compartments of thigh,fasciotomy of leg,fasciotomy of forearm, fasciotomy of hand,fasciotomy of foot, fasciotomy of thigh, fasciotomy of arm
Presentation on different levels of amputation of upper limb including hand amputations., thumb reconstructions, kruckenberg amputation, thumb poloicization.
Establishing the need for a surgical intervention
Confirmation of relevant physical findings and review of the clinical history and laboratory investigations that support the need of surgical intervention
Type of approach- Benefits & Risks of surgical procedure
The incision site- ease of surgery as well as cosmetic considerations
Type of anesthesia
compartment syndrome, causes, compartments of legs,compartments of forearm,compartments of hand,compartments of foot, compartments of arm,compartments of thigh,fasciotomy of leg,fasciotomy of forearm, fasciotomy of hand,fasciotomy of foot, fasciotomy of thigh, fasciotomy of arm
Presentation on different levels of amputation of upper limb including hand amputations., thumb reconstructions, kruckenberg amputation, thumb poloicization.
Premenstrual syndrome is a combination of psychological and physical symptoms that begin during the luteal phase of menstrual life.
This presentation consists of concise content for PMS required for final year BPT students. I hope this helps you to clear your concepts for the same. Thank you for your time.
Ovaries are female gonads and are responsible for production of female gametes known as oocytes.
This contents will suffice first year physiotherapy students. I hope this will help you in your studies. Thank you for spending your precious time in referring the same.
Menstrual cycle is a cyclic event that takes place in rhythmic fashion during reproductive period in women's life.
This content will suffice students of first and third year physiotherapy. I hope this helps you clearing your exams. Thank you in spending your precious time in referring the same.
Obesity refers to the condition of having an excessive amount of body fat.
This ppt contains a concise content regarding obesity for students of final year. I hope it will suffice you in your studies. Thank you spending your precious time in referring the same.
Piriformis Syndrome is a clinical condition of sciatic nerve entrapment at the level of ischial tuberosity.
I hope this content helps you in understanding this condition. Thank You for sparing your precious time and going through this PowerPoint presentation.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic non-suppurative inflammation of the synovial joints diagnosed as per the criteria laid down by American Rheumatic Association in 1987.
I hope this content helps you in understanding this condition. Thank You for sparing your precious time and going through this PowerPoint presentation.
The activities which are performed by opposing the mechanical or manual resistance is called as a resisted exercise.
This presentation includes all the required information that a first year BPT student should know.
Hope it helps to whosoever refers these slides.
I hope this content helps you in understanding this condition. Thank You for sparing your precious time and going through this PowerPoint presentation.
When the force exerted on one body levers by muscular action is insufficient for the production or control of movement, an external force may be added to augment it. Such type of exercises are known as active assisted exercises.
This presentation includes all the required information that a first year BPT student should know.
Hope it helps to whosoever refers these slides.
I hope this content helps you in understanding this condition. Thank You for sparing your precious time and going through this PowerPoint presentation.
International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) is a model approved by WHO in 2001 to like health with functioning and disability.
This power-point presentation contains all the relevant information regarding ICF and ICF model for third year physiotherapist students.
Hope it helps to whosoever refers these slides.
I hope this content helps you in understanding this condition. Thank You for sparing your precious time and going through this PowerPoint presentation.
Antenatal Care is a systematic supervision of woman during pregnancy.
The following presentation consists of detailed management for antenatal period along with its advantages, assessment, contraindications, and warning signs.
Thank You for consideration.
Active movements are the movements that an individual performs voluntarily in his/her routine to accomplish the tasks.
This presentation includes all the required information that a first year BPT student should know.
Hope it helps to whosoever refers these slides.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
2. CONTENT
➢Incision
➢Principles
➢Choice of incision and ideal incision
➢Langer's Lines
➢Classification of incision
➢Abdominal surgery
➢Quadrantsof abdomen
➢Verticalincisions
➢Transverse/ obliqueincision
➢Complicationsafterabdominal surgery
3. INCISION
Surgical incisions is a cut made through skin to
facilitate operation or procedure.
It should be the aim of the surgeon to employ the
type of incision considered to be the most suitable
for the particular operation to be performed.
Following
should be
achieved:
• Accessibility
• Extensibility
• A reliable closure
4. PRINCIPLES
1. Incision should be long enough
for good exposure.
2. Splitting > cutting.
3. Avoid cutting of nerves and
vessels.
4. Retract muscle, abdominal
organs towards neurovascular
bundle.
5. Insert drainage tube through a
separate incision
6. Transverse incisions > vertical
incisions .
7. Close the wound layer by layer.
5. CHOICE OF INCISION
Depend upon:
1. Type of surgery (elective/
emergency)
2. Target organ
3. Surgeons own experience
and preference, and
4. Previous surgery.
Allows:
1. Ease of access to the
desired structures
2. Can be extended if
needed
3. Ideally muscles should be
split rather than cut
4. Heals quickly with
minimal scarring.
IDEAL INCISION
6. LANGER'S LINES
❖Langer's line corresponds to
the natural orientation of
collagen fibres in the dermis,
and are generally parallel to
the orientation of the
underlying muscle fibres.
❖Incisions made parallel to
Langer's lines may heal better
and produce less scarring
than those that cut across.
8. ABDOMINAL SURGERY
An abdominal surgery is a
surgical repair,resection
or reconstruction of
organs inside abdominal
cavity.
Surgical wounds made
over the abdomen for
surgery which are done for
the abdominal viscera
are known as abdominal
incisions
9. QUADRANTS
OF ABDOMEN
There are total 9 quadrants in
abdomen:
i. Right hypocondrium
ii. Epigastric
iii. Left hypocondrium
iv. Right lumbar
v. Umbilical
vi. Left lumbar
vii. Right iliac
viii.Hypogastric
ix. Left iliac
13. i. Healing – slow and poor (due to poor
vascularization at incision site)
ii. Chances of incision hernia
iii.Bladder injury
iv.Midline scar
v. Care needs to be taken just above
the umbilicus where falciform
ligament is present.
ADVANTAGES
i. Almost bloodless
ii. No muscle fibres are divided
iii. No nerves are injured
iv. Gives good access to upper
abdominal viscera
v. Very quick to make as well as close
vi. Can be extended to full length of
abdomen curving around umbilicus
DISADVANTAGES
MID-LINE INCISION- VERTICAL
INCISION WHICH FOLLOWS LINEA ALBA.
14. ADVANTAGES
i. Provides access to lateral structures
like spleen and kidney
ii. Avoid injury to nerves
iii.Limits trauma to rectus muscle
iv.Permits good restoration to
abdominal wall function
v. Extra access can be obtained by
extending the upper end of incision
medially towards the xiphoid process
i. Time consuming
ii. Needs to be closed by layers
iii.Superior extension of incision is
difficult as it is limited by the costal
margin
iv.Do not give access to the
contralateral structures
v. Atrophy of muscle medial to the
incision, as its lateral blood and
nerve supply is stripped off.
DISADVANTAGES
PARAMEDIAN INCISION-
VERTICAL INCISION PLACED 2-5CM LATERAL TO
MID-LINE.
15. MCEVEDY'S INCISION
▪ Lateral paramedian incision
▪ Incision of rectus muscle along its lateral margin,
muscle is then pulled medially to gain access
to the structures.
▪ Not used nowadays- due to high rates of incisional
hernia.
18. KOCHER'S SUBCOSTAL INCISION
▪ Incision- Starts at mid-line- 2 to 5cm below xiphoid- extending downwards,
outwards and parallel to and about 2.5cm below the costal margin.
▪ Rectus sheath is divided in the same direction as skin incision.
▪ Rectus, internal oblique, external oblique, and transverses abdominis muscles are
divided.
▪ 8th thoracic nerve divided.
▪ 9th thoracic nerve must be preserved to avoid weaking of abdominal muscles.
▪ Surgeons have advocated the use of small 5 to 10cm incision in subcostal area for
mini-laparoscopic cholecystectomy (similar to Kocher's incision but smaller in
length)
19.
20. 1.
CHEVRON
INCISION
▪ Extension of Kocher's incision across mid-
line.
▪ Provides excellent access to
upper abdomen and used in those with a
broad costal margin.
▪ Uses- Total gastrectomy,
total esophagectomy, liver transplantation,
extensive hepatic resections, and
bilateral adrenalectomy.
21. 2.
MERCEDES
BENZ
EXTENSION
▪ Consists of bilateral low Kocher's incision
with upper midline incision up to the
xiphisternum.
▪ Gives excellent access to
upper abdominal viscera and to all the
diaphragmatic hiatus.
22.
23. TRANSVERSE MUSCLE DIVIDING
INCISION
▪ Rectus muscle can be divided transversely.
▪ Its anterior and posterior sheaths are closed without any serious weaking of
abdominal muscles.
▪ It has a segmental nerve supply, so there is no risk of
transverse incision depriving the distal part of rectus muscle of its innervation.
▪ Similar to Kocher's incision.
▪ Preferred in new born and infants, because infant's abdomen has a longer
transverse than vertical girth- so more abdominal exposure is gained.
▪ Also, true for short and obese individuals.
24.
25. MCBURNEY'S INCISION
▪ AKA Grid Iron incision/ Muscle Splitting incision
▪ Incision of choice in most appendectomies.
▪ Incision- Junction of medial 2/3rd and lateral 1/3rd of line running from umbilicus
and ASIS.
▪ Level and length of incision varies according to-
I. Thickness of abdominal wall
II. Suspected position of appendix
▪ Injury to ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve should be prevented.
26. LANZ INCISION
▪ AKA Rocky Davis incision
▪ Similar to McBurney's incision but not in transverse plane.
▪ Used for appendectomy
▪ 2 approaches
1. Incision made approximately 2 cm below umbilicus- on mid-clavicular/ mid-
inguinal line to McBurney's point.
2. Incision made from McBurney's point at centre transversely.
27. RUTHERFORD- MORRISON
INCISION
▪ AKA Oblique muscle cutting incision
▪ Extension of McBurney's incision by dividing oblique fossa.
▪ Made from right to left side.
▪ Used for colonic resection, caecostomy and sigmoid colostomy.
28.
29. ▪ AKA Kerr incision
▪ Made in lower segment of uterus.
▪ 10cm long incision and is made 5cm above pubic
symphysis.
▪ Used for-
1. C- Section
2. Abdominal Hysterectomy
▪ Classical Pfannenstiel incision, skin and
subcutaneous tissue are incised transversely but
linea alba vertically.
PFANNENSTIEL
INCISION
30. • Modification of Pfannenstiel incision
• Gives excellent exposure to pelvic organs.
• Skin incision is placed above but parallel to the
traditional pfannenstiel incision
• Here, rectus abdominis muscle is sectioned
transversely to permit wider access to pelvis.
MARLARD
INCISION
31. ADVANTAGES
i. Better cosmetically
ii. Stronger than vertical
iii. Less painful
iv. Good access to upper GI
structures
v. More advantages in children
and obese patients.
i. Limited exposure to the
organ
DISADVANTAGES
32. COMPLICATIONS
AFTER
ABDOMINAL
SURGERY
IMMEDIATE
• Bleeding
• Airway complications
• Hypoxia
• Hemodynamic
complications
EARLY
• Pyrexia
• Pain
• Nausea/Vomiting
LATE
• Infection
• Incisional Hernia
• DVT and Pedal
oedema
• Reduced bowel
function
• Delirium
• Pressure Sore
• Wound Dehiscence
• Keloid formation
• Cosmetic appearance