Mastectomy is the removal of the whole breast. There are five different types of mastectomy: "simple" or "total" mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, radical mastectomy, partial mastectomy, and subcutaneous (nipple-sparing) mastectomy.

1. Mastectomy
Preparedby:AdanSawalmeh
Supervisor:Dr.AliAbuArra

2. Overview:
• Definition
• Typesofmastectomy
• Operativeprocedure
• Mastectomyrisks
• MastectomyPlusReconstruction

3. Amastectomyissurgerytoremoveabreast.Inthepast,aradical
mastectomywithcompleteremovalofthebreastwasthestandard
treatmentforbreastcancer.Butsurgicalbreakthroughsoverthepast2
decadeshavegivenwomenmoreoptionsthaneverbefore.Less
invasivebreast-conservingtreatmentsareavailabletomanywomen
Definition

4. • Unabletohaveradiationtherapy,orwouldpreferamoreextensivesurgerytohaving
radiationtherapy
• Havealreadyhadthebreasttreatedwithradiationtherapy
• Havealargertumor(greaterthan5cm[2inches]across),oratumorthatislargerelative
toyourbreastsize
• Arepregnantandwouldneedradiationtherapywhilestillpregnant(riskingharmtothe
fetus)
• HaveageneticfactorsuchasaBRCAmutation,whichmightincreaseyourchanceofa
secondcancer
• Haveaseriousconnectivetissuediseasesuchasscleroderma orlupus,whichmaymake
you.especiallysensitivetothesideeffectsofradiationtherapy
• Haveinflammatorybreastcancer
mastectomy might be recommended if:

5. Thetypeofmastectomythat’srightforyoudependsonseveralthings,including:
• Age
• Generalhealth
• Menopausestatus
• Tumorsize
• Tumorstage(howfarit'sspread)
• Tumorgrade(itsaggressiveness)
• Tumor'shormonereceptorstatus
• Whetherornotlymphnodesareinvolved

6. Types of mastectomy:
• TotalMastectomy
Alsocalledsimplemastectomy,withthisprocedure,yourdoctorremoves
yourentirebreast,includingthenipple.Butyourlymphnodes,thesmall
glandsthatarepartofyourimmunesystem,aren’tremoved. total
mastectomyperformedifcancerisn’tinlymphnodes.
• PreventiveMastectomy
Womenwhohaveahighriskofbreastcancermaychoosetohaveapreventive
mastectomy,alsocalledprophylacticmastectomy.
Studiesshowthatwomenwithahighriskofbreastcancermaybeasmuchas
90%lesslikelytogetthediseaseafterpreventivemastectomy.

7. • Somewomenwho'vehadbreastcancerinonebreastwilldecidetohavea
preventivemastectomytoremovetheotherbreast.Thiscanreducethe
chanceofcancerreoccurrence.
• Partialmastectomy
Partialmastectomyistheremovalofthecancerouspartofthebreasttissueand
somenormaltissuearoundit.
• RadicalMastectomy
Aradicalmastectomyisthecompleteremovalofthebreast,includingthe
nipple.Thesurgeonalsoremovestheoverlyingskin,themusclesbeneaththe
breast,andthelymphnodes.Becauseradicalmastectomyisn'tmoreeffective
thanotherlessextremeformsofmastectomy,it'srarelyperformedtoday.It’s
onlyrecommendedwhenthecancerhasspreadtothechestmuscle.

8. • Nipple-sparingmastectomy
Duringnipple-sparingmastectomy,allofthebreasttissueisremoved,butthe
nippleisleftalone.
CTscanfor-A52-year-oldwomanwithmastectomy
andradiotherapyforprimaryintraductal-

9. Operative procedure
•Anesthesia
–Generalanesthesia
•Position
–Thepatientisplacedinsupinepositionwiththearmabducted<90degree.
–Sandbagorfoldedsheetisplacedunderthethoraxandshoulderofaffected
side.
Incision:
–Obliqueellipticalincisionangledtowardsaxilla.

11. Somewomendecidetohavethebreastrebuilt,orreconstructed,duringthesameoperation
thatremovesthebreast.Thisiscalled “immediatereconstruction.”Otherwomenmaywait
monthsoryearstohaveabreastreconstructed.
Therearemanywaystoreconstructabreast.Differenttechniquesincludeinsertingan
implant,insertingtissuefromanotherpartofyourbody,orusingacombination.
Regardlessofwhetheryouarethinkingabouthavingimmediateorlaterbreast
reconstruction,it’simportanttoplanreconstructionatatimethatworkswellforyou.For
instance,healingfromreconstructionsurgerycansometimescausedelaysforwomenwho
needpromptchemotherapy.Manysurgeonsalsobelievethatradiationtoareconstructed
breastcancompromisetheappearanceandfeelingofthereconstruction.Therefore,inmost
cases,breastreconstructionshouldwaituntilbothchemotherapyandradiationare
completed.
Mastectomy Plus Reconstruction

12. • Numbnessoftheskinalongtheincisionsiteandmildtomoderate
tendernessoftheadjacentarea
• Extrasensitivitytotouchwithintheareaofsurgery
• Fluidcollectingunderthescar
• Delayedwoundhealing
• Increasedriskofinfectioninthesurgicalarea
• Scartissueformation
Mastectomy risks

13. THANKS FOR YOUR
LISTENING!