Mastectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a breast, traditionally radical mastectomy has been replaced by less invasive options due to advances in treatment. Types of mastectomy include total, partial, radical, nipple-sparing, and preventive mastectomy, each suited for varying cancer cases and patient conditions. Risks associated with mastectomy include numbness, tenderness, fluid accumulation, delayed healing, infection, and scar tissue formation.

1. Mastectomy
Preparedby:AdanSawalmeh
Supervisor:Dr.AliAbuArra

2. Overview:
• Definition
• Typesofmastectomy
• Operativeprocedure
• Mastectomyrisks
• MastectomyPlusReconstruction

3. Amastectomyissurgerytoremoveabreast.Inthepast,aradical
mastectomywithcompleteremovalofthebreastwasthestandard
treatmentforbreastcancer.Butsurgicalbreakthroughsoverthepast2
decadeshavegivenwomenmoreoptionsthaneverbefore.Less
invasivebreast-conservingtreatmentsareavailabletomanywomen
Definition

4. • Unabletohaveradiationtherapy,orwouldpreferamoreextensivesurgerytohaving
radiationtherapy
• Havealreadyhadthebreasttreatedwithradiationtherapy
• Havealargertumor(greaterthan5cm[2inches]across),oratumorthatislargerelative
toyourbreastsize
• Arepregnantandwouldneedradiationtherapywhilestillpregnant(riskingharmtothe
fetus)
• HaveageneticfactorsuchasaBRCAmutation,whichmightincreaseyourchanceofa
secondcancer
• Haveaseriousconnectivetissuediseasesuchasscleroderma orlupus,whichmaymake
you.especiallysensitivetothesideeffectsofradiationtherapy
• Haveinflammatorybreastcancer
mastectomy might be recommended if:

5. Thetypeofmastectomythat’srightforyoudependsonseveralthings,including:
• Age
• Generalhealth
• Menopausestatus
• Tumorsize
• Tumorstage(howfarit'sspread)
• Tumorgrade(itsaggressiveness)
• Tumor'shormonereceptorstatus
• Whetherornotlymphnodesareinvolved

6. Types of mastectomy:
• TotalMastectomy
Alsocalledsimplemastectomy,withthisprocedure,yourdoctorremoves
yourentirebreast,includingthenipple.Butyourlymphnodes,thesmall
glandsthatarepartofyourimmunesystem,aren’tremoved. total
mastectomyperformedifcancerisn’tinlymphnodes.
• PreventiveMastectomy
Womenwhohaveahighriskofbreastcancermaychoosetohaveapreventive
mastectomy,alsocalledprophylacticmastectomy.
Studiesshowthatwomenwithahighriskofbreastcancermaybeasmuchas
90%lesslikelytogetthediseaseafterpreventivemastectomy.

7. • Somewomenwho'vehadbreastcancerinonebreastwilldecidetohavea
preventivemastectomytoremovetheotherbreast.Thiscanreducethe
chanceofcancerreoccurrence.
• Partialmastectomy
Partialmastectomyistheremovalofthecancerouspartofthebreasttissueand
somenormaltissuearoundit.
• RadicalMastectomy
Aradicalmastectomyisthecompleteremovalofthebreast,includingthe
nipple.Thesurgeonalsoremovestheoverlyingskin,themusclesbeneaththe
breast,andthelymphnodes.Becauseradicalmastectomyisn'tmoreeffective
thanotherlessextremeformsofmastectomy,it'srarelyperformedtoday.It’s
onlyrecommendedwhenthecancerhasspreadtothechestmuscle.

8. • Nipple-sparingmastectomy
Duringnipple-sparingmastectomy,allofthebreasttissueisremoved,butthe
nippleisleftalone.
CTscanfor-A52-year-oldwomanwithmastectomy
andradiotherapyforprimaryintraductal-

9. Operative procedure
•Anesthesia
–Generalanesthesia
•Position
–Thepatientisplacedinsupinepositionwiththearmabducted<90degree.
–Sandbagorfoldedsheetisplacedunderthethoraxandshoulderofaffected
side.
Incision:
–Obliqueellipticalincisionangledtowardsaxilla.

11. Somewomendecidetohavethebreastrebuilt,orreconstructed,duringthesameoperation
thatremovesthebreast.Thisiscalled “immediatereconstruction.”Otherwomenmaywait
monthsoryearstohaveabreastreconstructed.
Therearemanywaystoreconstructabreast.Differenttechniquesincludeinsertingan
implant,insertingtissuefromanotherpartofyourbody,orusingacombination.
Regardlessofwhetheryouarethinkingabouthavingimmediateorlaterbreast
reconstruction,it’simportanttoplanreconstructionatatimethatworkswellforyou.For
instance,healingfromreconstructionsurgerycansometimescausedelaysforwomenwho
needpromptchemotherapy.Manysurgeonsalsobelievethatradiationtoareconstructed
breastcancompromisetheappearanceandfeelingofthereconstruction.Therefore,inmost
cases,breastreconstructionshouldwaituntilbothchemotherapyandradiationare
completed.
Mastectomy Plus Reconstruction

12. • Numbnessoftheskinalongtheincisionsiteandmildtomoderate
tendernessoftheadjacentarea
• Extrasensitivitytotouchwithintheareaofsurgery
• Fluidcollectingunderthescar
• Delayedwoundhealing
• Increasedriskofinfectioninthesurgicalarea
• Scartissueformation
Mastectomy risks

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