This document discusses cholecystectomy, the surgical removal of the gallbladder. It describes the gallbladder's location and function of storing and concentrating bile produced by the liver. Cholecystectomy is commonly performed to treat gallstones and gallbladder inflammation. The risks of the procedure include bile leaks, bleeding, infection, and injury to nearby structures. The two main types are open cholecystectomy, involving a single large incision, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy using 3-4 smaller incisions and an endoscope. Laparoscopic surgery has a shorter recovery time.

1. CHOLECYSTECTOMY
PATEL.YASH.GIRISHBHAI

2. INTRODUCTION
 Cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder.
 Cholecystectomy is a common treatment of symptomatic
gallstones and other gallbladder conditions.

3.  Gallbladder is located just under the liver on the upper right
quadrant of the abdomen.
 The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, produced by
liver used to break down of fat for diagestion.

4. INDICATION
 Gallstones in the gallbladder (cholelithiasis)
 Gallstones in the bile duct (choledocholithiasis)
 Gallbladder inflammation
 Large gallbladder inflammation (cholecystitis)
 Pancreas inflammation (pancreatitis) due to gallstones

5. RISKS
 A cholecystectomy carries a small risk of complications
including:
 Bile leak
 Bleeding
 Infection
 Injury to nearby structures, such as the bile duct, liver and
small intesting.

6. TYPES OF CHOLECYSTECTOMY
OPEN CHOLECYSTECTOMY
LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

7. OPEN CHOLECYSTECTOMY
 In this method, 1 cut (incision) about 4 to 6 inches long is
made in the upper right hand side of your belly.
 The surgeon finds the gallbladder and takes it out through
the incision.

8. LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
 This method uses 3 to 4 very small incisions.
 It uses a long, thin tube called a laparoscope.
 The tube has a tiny video camera and surgical tools.

9.  The tube, camera and tools are put in through the incisions.
 The surgeon does the surgery while looking at a T.V. monitor.
 The gallbladder is removed through 1 of the incisions.

10.  A laparoscopic cholecystectomy is less invasive.
 It uses very small incisions in your belly. There is less
bleeding.
 The recovery time is usually shorter than an open surgery.

11. PROCEDURE
 ANESTHESIA – most open cholecystectomy is performed
under general anesthesia.
 Less common is under local anesthesia.
 POSITIONING – p.t positioned supine with arm exrended.

12. PROCEDURE
 Open cholecystectomy
 An incision will be made. The incision may slant under your
ribs on the right side of your abdomen. Or it may be made
in the upper part of your abdomen.
 Your gallbladder is removed.
 In some cases, 1 or more drains may be put into the incision,
this allows drainage of fluids or pus.

13.  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy –
 About 3 or 4 small incisions will be made in your abdomen.
Carbon dioxide gas will be put into your abdomen so that it
swells up. This lets the gallbladder and nearby organs be
easily seen.

14.  The laparoscope will be put into an incision. Surgical tools will
be put through the other incisions to remove your
gallbladder.
 When the surgery is done, the laparoscope and tools are
removed. The carbon dioxide gas is let out through the
incisions. Most of it will be reabsorbed by your body.