Resisted exercise involves opposing mechanical or manual resistance to muscle action in order to strengthen muscles. As muscles contract against increasing resistance, they hypertrophy and gain power and endurance. Progressive resisted exercise (PRE) systematically increases weight over time to continually challenge muscles. PRE techniques like DeLorme-Watkins use repetitions with increasing percentages of 10 repetition maximum weight to improve strength, while Oxford technique decreases weight in small increments each set to enhance endurance. Resisted exercise strengthens muscles and increases blood flow, with benefits including restored muscle power and maintenance of strength.

1. RESISTED
EXERCISE
Presented By: Dr. Rutvi Raualji (MPT)

2. Content
➢Principle of resisted exercise
➢Factors which contributes to
development of muscular efficiency
➢Techniques
➢Types of resistive forces
➢Progression
➢Progressive Resisted Exercise (PRE)
➢Techniques of PRE
➢Effects and Uses

3. Principle of Resisted Exercise
• The activities which are performed by
opposing the mechanical or manual
resistance is called as a resisted exercise.
• The forces of resistance offered to the
action of the working muscles are
artificially and systematically increased to
develop the power and endurance of the
muscles.
• Tension is increased within muscles by the
opposing force (resistance) and the muscle
respond by an increase in their power and
hypertrophy (increase in size of cells and
muscle fibre).

4. Factors which contribute to
development of Muscular Efficiency
1. Power
2. Endurance
3. Volume
4. Range of muscle work

6. TYPES OF RANGE
FULL RANGE:
The muscle is moving from full stretched position to fully contracted position.
OUTER RANGE:
The muscle is moves the joint from fully stretched position to minimally contracted
position. It is very difficult to perform.
MIDDLE RANGE: Muscle moves the joint between minimal range to the medium range. It
is used more in day to day activities. Exercising in this range increases power, strength,
and tone.
INNER RANGE:
The muscle moves the joint from medium contracted position to fully contracted
position.

7. Technique
Starting
Position
Pattern of
Movement
Stabilization
Traction Resistance
Character of
Movement
Repetition
Co-
operation
of Patient

8. Starting
Position

9. Resistance
Force

10. Types of Resistive forces
Other than gravity and friction may be provided by:
1. The therapist
2. The patient
3. Weights
4. Weight and pulley circuits
5. Springs and other elastic structures
6. Substances which are malleable
7. Water

11. The therapist

12. Weights and pulley circuits
• Use of a rope and pulley allows the force exerted by weight to act in any
direction.
Springs and other elastic substances

15. Progression
• As the power of the muscle increases,
the resistance must be increased
proportionately.
• Techniques:
1. Increase in poundage or weight of
the resisting force.
2. Increase in leverage of the resisting
force.
3. Alteration in the speed of
movement.
4. Increase in the duration of the
exercise.

16. Increase in weight
• If a particular amount of weight is given for a particular amount of time- that muscle group
achieves full range of contraction. Hence, weight is increased proportionally to improve the
resistance to the movement.
Increase in leverage of resistance force

17. Progressive Resisted Exercise (PRE)
• It was first described by DeLorme in the year
1945.
• In this type of exercise, metal weights are applied
to the part of the body by the means of a bar-bell
in upper limb or DeLorme metal boot in lower
limb.
• The poundage (meaning weight) is determined by
1 RM and 10 RM (RM= Repetition Maximum).
• 1 RM is the maximum weight which can be lifted
once only through a prescribed range
• 10 RM is the maximum weight which can be lifted
10 times at a natural speed without rest between
lifts.
• The movement should be slow and controlled.

18. Techniques for PRE
1. DeLorme and Watkins
2. Zinoviff (Oxford technique)
3. MacQueen

19. 1.) DeLorme and Watkins
• 10 lifts with ½ weight of 10 RM
• 10 lifts with ¾ weight of 10 RM
• 10 lifts with 10 RM
✓30 lifts, 4 times per week; progression
should be done once a week.
✓This technique is used to improve
resistance.

20. 2.) Zinoviff (Oxford)
• 10 lifts with 10 RM
• 10 lifts with 10 RM minus 1 lb
• 10 lifts with 10 RM minus 2 lb
• 10 lifts with 10 RM minus 3 lb
• 10 lifts with 10 RM minus 4 lb
• 10 lifts with 10 RM minus 5 lb
• 10 lifts with 10 RM minus 6 lb
• 10 lifts with 10 RM minus 7 lb
• 10 lifts with 10 RM minus 8 lb
• 10 lifts with 10 RM minus 9 lb
➢100 lifts, 5 times per week; progression is done
everyday.
➢This technique is used to improve endurance.

21. 3.) MacQueen
• 10 lifts with 10 RM
• 10 lifts with 10 RM
• 10 lifts with 10 RM
• 10 lifts with 10 RM
➢40 lifts, 3 times per week;
progression done once in 1 or 2
weeks.
➢This technique is used for the
maintenance of the strength.

22. Effects and Uses
Muscle power can only be maintained or increased by contraction, and in these
exercises the working muscles are strengthened and hypertrophied in response to
the tension created in them by resistance. Their power and endurance are
increased. Hence, used in weak muscles to restore muscle power.
The blood flow to the working muscle is increased in proportion to the amount of
work they do, thus providing materials for repair (by removing metabolic waste
products) and hypertrophy.
Strenuous muscular activity – produces heat- thereby, stimulating heat-regulatory
centres causing vasodilatation and constriction of the vessels to compensate the
increase in blood flow to the muscles. Skin feels warm, moist, and appears pink in
color; indicating heat is being lost to keep the body temperature within limits.
Rise in blood pressure- due to exercise and mental effort required to perfom
exercise correctly.

23. References
1. The Principles of Exercise Therapy- M. Dena Gardiner
2. Textbook of Therapeutic Exercises- Lakshmi Narayana

24. ThankYou.