The document discusses hormones and their functions in the human body. It defines hormones as chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream and affect many processes like growth, metabolism, sexual function and reproduction. It lists several major endocrine glands that produce hormones and describes how hormones work slowly over time to cause changes. The document provides examples of insulin and how too little or too much can impact blood sugar levels and health. It also contains a true/false quiz about hormone facts.

1. HORMONES

2. What do you know about hormones?
• With your table, brainstorm what you know about
hormones and any words that you associate with the word
hormone.
You have 5 minutes.
GO!

3. I DIDN’T KNOW THAT!
QUIZ

4. This true/false quiz is to see what you know about
hormones.
It is not for marks.
On your half piece of paper, list the numbers 1-18.
Write T for True or F for False.

5. 1. Hormones can make you grow to be
nine feet tall.

6. 1. Hormones can make you grow to be
nine feet tall.
• True. This condition is
called gigantism, which
is caused by an over
production of growth
hormone,
Robert Wadlow,
the tallest man
known to have
lived (2.72
metres or 8 feet
11 inches) with
his father, Harold
Wadlow (1.82
metres or 6 feet
0 inches)

7. 2. Hormones can affect your ability to
taste salty foods.

8. 2. Hormones can affect your ability to
taste salty foods.
• False

9. 3. Hormones can make you very sensitive
to high-pitched sounds

10. 3. Hormones can make you very sensitive
to high-pitched sounds
• False

11. 4. Hormones cause a young man to begin
to grow facial hair.

12. 4. Hormones cause a young man to begin
to grow facial hair.
• True. This is caused by testosterone, a type of sex
hormone.

13. 5. Hormones can help fight stress.

14. 5. Hormones can help fight stress.
• True. There are many hormones involved,
such as cortisol and ephinephrine (also
known as adrenaline).

15. 6. Hormones determine what color eyes
you have.

16. 6. Hormones determine what color eyes
you have.
• False

17. 7. Hormones can cause you to be allergic
to milk.

18. 7. Hormones can cause you to be allergic
to milk.
• False

19. 8. Hormones can make your heart beat
faster when you are scared.

20. 8. Hormones can make your heart beat
faster when you are scared.
• True. The release of epinephrine can trigger the fight or
flight response so you can respond appropriately to
danger.

21. 9. Hormones can soothe you.

22. 9. Hormones can soothe you.
• True. Oxytocin (which we talked about at the beginning of
the year) is very important for this type of response.

23. 10. Hormones can cause your hands to
tremble when you are nervous.

24. 10. Hormones can cause your hands to
tremble when you are nervous.
• True. This reaction is part of the fight or flight response
mentioned earlier.

25. 11. Hormones affect how much energy
you have.

26. 11. Hormones affect how much energy
you have.
• True. Hormones such as thyroid
hormone which helps regulate
metabolism.

27. 12. Hormones affect how fast or slow you
read.

28. 12. Hormones affect how fast or slow you
read.
• False

29. 13. Hormones tell your body how fast it
should grow.

30. 13. Hormones tell your body how fast it
should grow.
• True, such as growth hormone as well as sex hormones.

31. 14. Hormones give you the strength and
energy to fight or run when in a
dangerous situation.

32. 14. Hormones give you the strength and
energy to fight or run when in a
dangerous situation.
• True. This is part of the fight or flight response.

33. 15. Hormones cause your body shape to
change, especially in teenagers.

34. 15. Hormones cause your body shape to
change, especially in teenagers..
• True, by sex hormones, such as testosterone in males,
and estrogen in females.

35. 16. Hormones can make twins become
triplets before they are born.

36. 16. Hormones can make twins become
triplets before they are born.
• False

37. 17. Hormones tell your body how to
swallow.

38. 17. Hormones tell your body how to
swallow.
• False

39. 18. Hormones help control when you
sleep and when you wake.

40. 18. Hormones help control when you
sleep and when you wake.
• True. This is done by hormones
called melatonin, secreted by a
gland in your brain in response
to changes in light.

41. Objective
• A. describe the principles of hormonal coordination and
control by the endocrine system
Guiding Question
• What happens to the body system when sugar is not
properly controlled?

42. WHAT ARE HORMONES?

43. • Hormones are your body's chemical messengers.
• They travel in your bloodstream to tissues or organs.
• They work slowly, over time, and affect many different
processes, including
• Growth and development
• Metabolism - how your body gets energy from the foods you eat
• Sexual function
• Reproduction
• Mood

44. • Endocrine glands
make hormones.
• The major glands are
the pituitary, pineal,
thymus, thyroid,
adrenal glands, and
pancreas.
• In addition, men
produce hormones
in their testes and
women produce
them in their
ovaries.

45. Hormones are Powerful
• It takes only a tiny amount to
cause big changes in cells or
even your whole body.
• Insulin is a hormone released
after you eat a meal.
• If you take insulin because you
have diabetes, too much insulin
can cause your blood sugar to
crash, and you can become very
sick.
• That is why too much or too
little of a certain hormone can
be serious.

46. Hormones are Powerful
• If you need to take hormones for medical reasons,
laboratory tests can measure the hormone levels in your
blood, urine, or saliva.
• It is also why hormone replacements are highly controlled
by your physician.

47. Types of Hormones
Peptide Hormones
(protein-based)
• Prolactin (produces milk)
• Oxytocin (bonding and
mood)
• Growth hormone (bones,
muscle and liver)
• Insulin & glucagon (sugar
control)
• Leptin (fat production)
Steroid Hormones
(often cholesterol-based)
• Testosterone & estrogen
(sex hormones)
• Cortisol (stress response)

48. HOW HORMONES WORK

49. Insulin

50. Insulin – Type I Diabetes
• This is a genetic disease where the body’s immune
system destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas,
resulting in little to no insulin being produced.

51. Insulin – Type II Diabetes
• Insulin is produced, however, due to insulin resistance,
cells cannot take up glucose. This can be dietary or
genetic in cause.

52. Guiding Question Recap
• What happens to the body system when sugar is not
properly controlled?
What do you know?