The endocrine system regulates growth, metabolism, water balance, reproduction and stress response through glands that release hormones into the bloodstream. The major glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries and testes. Hormones deliver messages to target cells through receptors and work in coordination with other body systems like interacting with the nervous system.

1. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

2. Objective
• A. describe the principles of hormonal coordination and
control by the endocrine system
Guiding Question
• What is the overall function of the endocrine system?
• With what other systems does the endocrine system
interact?

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Growth
Water
balance
Reproduction Metabolism
Calcium
and glucose
levels
Response
to stress
The Endocrine
System
Pituitary
Ovaries
Testes Thyroid Pancreas Adrenals
Parathyroids

4. Parts of the Endocrine System
• Glands – release products to bloodstream directly
• Hormones – products deliver messages to body
• Target cells – have specific receptors for specific
hormones
• Receptors – a protein found on the plasma membrane of
a target cell that recognizes a specific hormone and can
trigger a change in a cell.

5. Glands of the Endocrine System
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus makes
hormones that control the
pituitary gland. In addition, it
makes hormones that are
stored in the pituitary gland.
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland produces
hormones that regulate many of
the other endocrine glands.
Parathyroid glands
These four glands release
parathyroid hormone,
which regulate the level of
calcium in the blood.
Thymus
During childhood, the thymus
releases thymosin, which
stimulates Tcell development.
Adrenal glands
The adrenal glands release
epinephrine and nonepinephrine,
which help the body deal with
stress.
Pineal gland
The pineal gland releases
melatonin, which is involved in
rhythmic activities, such as daily
sleep-wake cycles.
Thyroid
The thyroid produces thyroxine,
which regulates metabolism.
Pancreas
The pancreas produces insulin and
glucagon, which regulate the level of
glucose in the blood.
Ovary
The ovaries produce estrogen and
progesterone. Estrogen is required
for the development of secondary
sex characteristics and for the
development of eggs. Progesterone
prepares the uterus for a fertilized
egg.
Testis
The testes produce testosterone,
which is responsible for sperm
production and the development of
male secondary sex characteristics

6. YOU BE A DOCTOR!

7. • In this activity, you will take on the role of a doctor.
• Read the patient files and the information packet on
edmodo.
• Diagnose the patient with the condition you think they
have based on their symptoms and fill in the patient
medical chart.

8. GLANDS PEER TEACHING
ACTIVITY

9. • In this activity, you will work in small groups of 2-3 people and
work on an assigned gland
• The best way to understand glands, is to look at:
1) What happens if glands don’t work properly, or
2) How they are involved for a specific body function.
• Research the gland, hormones, target cells and receptors that
are involved.
• Discuss hormonal diseases/conditions that are related to your
assigned gland and how that impacts the body system.
• Produce a diagram of your gland and a small information
packet for the body diagram.