Science grade 10

2. •Endocrine system is composed of glands that
secrete different types of hormones that affect
almost every cell, organ, and function of our body.
•It consists of glands that secrete chemicals called
hormones to control various body processes.
This control system usually brings about slow
changes in the body because chemical
messengers move more slowly than nerve
impulses.
•It is essential in regulating growth and
development, metabolism, as well as reproductive
processes and mood.

3. How does your endocrine system function?
Endocrine glands secrete chemicals known as
hormones into the bloodstream, which carries
them throughout the body. When a hormone in the
blood reaches the target organ, it produces a
notable effect. The endocrine system sends
signals all over the body, much like the nervous
system, but unlike the instant responses activated
by the nervous system, the effects can take a few
hours or even weeks.

5. Gland Location Hormones Released Function
Pituitary
at the base of
the brain
Oxytocin, Vasopressin, Growth
Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic
Hormone (ACTH), Prolactin, Luteinizing
Hormone, Follicle Stimulating
Hormone (FSH)
stimulates growth, and controls the functions
of other glands
Thyroid
below the voice
box
Thyroxin, Calcitonin
regulates body metabolism, and causes
storage of calcium in bones
Parathyroid in the neck Parathormone
controls the calcium levels in your body, and
normalizes bone growth
Thymus
in front of the
heart
Thymosin
enables the body to produce certain
antibodies
Adrenal
on top of the
kidneys
Adrenaline
prepares the body for action, controls the
heart rate and breathing in times of
emergency
Pancreas
between the
kidneys
Insulin, Glucagon regulates blood sugar levels
Reproductive -
Testes
(Males)
-Ovaries
(Females)
lower abdomen Androgen, Testosterone
Estrogen, Progesterone
control maturation and male characteristics
influence female traits, and support
reproductive function

18. Thymosin
Increases the immune response as well
as stimulating pituitary hormones such
as growth hormone

22. It makes hormones called
adrenaline or epinephrine
that increases blood pressure
and heart rate when the body
is under stress

30. Effects of Hormones in the Body
Several processes in the body are
coordinated by hormones which regulate and
balance the working of organs, tissues, and
cells. The endocrine system influences how
your heart beats, how your bones and tissues
develop, and even your capacity to have a
baby. It plays an essential role in the
occurrence of disorders such as diabetes,
thyroid disease, growth disorders, and/or
sexual dysfunction.

31. Both men and women produce hormones in
the same areas with one exception, the
reproductive glands. Additional male
hormones are produced in the testes while
female hormones are produced in the
ovaries.
Some hormones have short-term effects
while other hormones have long-term effects
such as those that control our growth and
the changes at the onset of puberty.

32. During puberty, there are many hormonal
changes that happen in your body. One
moment you laugh, and then suddenly you
feel like crying. Sudden mood swings are
relatively caused by the increasing amount of
hormones in the body at this stage. It is
therefore important to maintain a positive
outlook in life and remember that these
changes are only temporary and will stabilize
with time.

33. Hormones act in very small amounts.
If the organ and hormones do not
produce the regulated amount of
chemicals to your body, it may result
in an abnormality of your body
(hormonal imbalance.) An increase or
decrease in its amount may have a
significant effect in the human body.

35. Dwarfism There
is too little
secretion of growth
hormones by the
pituitary gland,
thus resulting to
stunted growth.

36. Gigantism There
is an excessive
secretion of growth
hormones by the
pituitary gland
causing too much
growth to the
person.

37. Goiter There is an
abnormal
enlargement of the
thyroid gland due to
too much or too
little amount of
secreted hormone.

41. Make a graphic organizer about endocrine
system with the following content:
1. Endocrine glands
2. hormones released by each gland
3. function of the hormone.
4. disorders if hormones will be unbalanced.
Endocrine glands hormones released by
each gland
function of the
hormone.
disorders if hormones
will be unbalanced.