Fabrication of Particle Board from Indigenous Agricultural & Household WastesMd. Mydul Islam
Mainly a research project idea and background work. This project is under supervision of Dr. Md. Ashiqur Rahman, Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET.
Soil stabilization can be done in many ways. But the stabilization using waste plastic fibers is an economic method since the stabilizer used here is waste plastic materials, which are easily available. A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids that are moldable.
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A geotextile is defined as any permeable textile material that is used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, etc to increase stability and decrease wind and water erosion.
Fabrication of Particle Board from Indigenous Agricultural & Household WastesMd. Mydul Islam
Mainly a research project idea and background work. This project is under supervision of Dr. Md. Ashiqur Rahman, Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET.
Soil stabilization can be done in many ways. But the stabilization using waste plastic fibers is an economic method since the stabilizer used here is waste plastic materials, which are easily available. A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids that are moldable.
soil stabilizers for sale
soil stabilizer products
spray on soil stabilizer
soil stabilizer equipment
liquid soil stabilizer
soil binder and stabilizer
soil stabilizer polymer
enzyme soil stabilizers
Plastic as a soil stabilizer ppt
interesting civil engineering topics
seminar topics pdf
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
civil engineering ppt
latest civil engineering seminar topics
A geotextile is defined as any permeable textile material that is used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, etc to increase stability and decrease wind and water erosion.
A geotextile is typically defined as any permeable textile material used to increase soil stability, provide erosion control or aid in drainage. More simply put, if it is made of fabric and buried in the ground it is probably a geotextile. Geotextiles are a permeable synthetic material made of textile materials. They are usually made from polymers such as polyester or polypropylene.
Geotextiles are a permeable synthetic material made of textile materials. They are usually made from polymers such as polyester or polypropylene. The geotextiles are further prepared in three different categories;
Woven geotextile,
Non-woven geotextile.
Now a days Jute are also applied as geotextile.
1. By studying the test results obtained by the researchers of the conventional bitumen and the crumb rubber modified bitumen it is concluded that the penetration value and the softening value of the conventional bitumen can be improved significantly by modifying it with addition of the crumb rubber which is a major environment pollutant.
2. It is observed by the researchers that the sample prepared using crumb rubber size (600μm-300μm) gives the highest stability value , minimum air voids ,minimum flow value, maximum unit weight and minimum VMA and VFB % values. So the best size to be used for
crumb rubber modifications can be suggested as ( 600μm- 300μm) size for commercial
production of crumb rubber.
3. As a result, and from an environmental and economic point of view, the use of both CR and PUF instead of virgin polymer modifiers is possible and preferable recycling method for these wastes, resulting in cost savings, lower energy consumption and lower environmental pollution.
Use of Fiber is one of the vital and emerging trends in Construction Technology. Fiber can be considered as an alternative in the use of an air entraining agent providing sufficient freeze thaw protection and moreover as a reinforcing material. Fiber reinforced materials are composite materials that typically consist of strong fibers embedded in resin matrix. It is a composite obtained by adding a single type or a blend of fibers to the conventional concrete mix. The fibers provide strength and stiffness to the composite and generally carry most of the applied loads. The matrix acts to bond and protect the fibers and to provide for transfer of stress from fiber to fiber through shear stresses. Fibers can be in form of steel fibers, glass fibers, natural fibers, synthetic fibers, etc. The mechanism by which fibres produce resistance to freezing and thawing is that fibres introduction reduces water absorption of the concrete increasing penetration resistance to de-icing salts. Reduced water absorption is a function of the fibres to reduce plastic shrinkage cracking, reducing the ability of water to permeate into the bleed in a concrete. So this research paper describes experimental studies on the use of coconut fibre as enhancement of concrete.
It is a seminar Report on the Topic of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Bricks (AAC).This is a brick which is not a clay brick, it is a brick whose main constituent is Fly ash and cement. This seminar report is Prepared by a B.Tech Student of final year of Civil Engineering, pursuing B.tech from Abdul Kalam Technical Institute, Lucknow.
In this report the student tries to give a brief knowledge about the Concrete brick and its present life Exploration with cost analysis and merit demerits.
A geotextile is typically defined as any permeable textile material used to increase soil stability, provide erosion control or aid in drainage. More simply put, if it is made of fabric and buried in the ground it is probably a geotextile. Geotextiles are a permeable synthetic material made of textile materials. They are usually made from polymers such as polyester or polypropylene.
Geotextiles are a permeable synthetic material made of textile materials. They are usually made from polymers such as polyester or polypropylene. The geotextiles are further prepared in three different categories;
Woven geotextile,
Non-woven geotextile.
Now a days Jute are also applied as geotextile.
1. By studying the test results obtained by the researchers of the conventional bitumen and the crumb rubber modified bitumen it is concluded that the penetration value and the softening value of the conventional bitumen can be improved significantly by modifying it with addition of the crumb rubber which is a major environment pollutant.
2. It is observed by the researchers that the sample prepared using crumb rubber size (600μm-300μm) gives the highest stability value , minimum air voids ,minimum flow value, maximum unit weight and minimum VMA and VFB % values. So the best size to be used for
crumb rubber modifications can be suggested as ( 600μm- 300μm) size for commercial
production of crumb rubber.
3. As a result, and from an environmental and economic point of view, the use of both CR and PUF instead of virgin polymer modifiers is possible and preferable recycling method for these wastes, resulting in cost savings, lower energy consumption and lower environmental pollution.
Use of Fiber is one of the vital and emerging trends in Construction Technology. Fiber can be considered as an alternative in the use of an air entraining agent providing sufficient freeze thaw protection and moreover as a reinforcing material. Fiber reinforced materials are composite materials that typically consist of strong fibers embedded in resin matrix. It is a composite obtained by adding a single type or a blend of fibers to the conventional concrete mix. The fibers provide strength and stiffness to the composite and generally carry most of the applied loads. The matrix acts to bond and protect the fibers and to provide for transfer of stress from fiber to fiber through shear stresses. Fibers can be in form of steel fibers, glass fibers, natural fibers, synthetic fibers, etc. The mechanism by which fibres produce resistance to freezing and thawing is that fibres introduction reduces water absorption of the concrete increasing penetration resistance to de-icing salts. Reduced water absorption is a function of the fibres to reduce plastic shrinkage cracking, reducing the ability of water to permeate into the bleed in a concrete. So this research paper describes experimental studies on the use of coconut fibre as enhancement of concrete.
It is a seminar Report on the Topic of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Bricks (AAC).This is a brick which is not a clay brick, it is a brick whose main constituent is Fly ash and cement. This seminar report is Prepared by a B.Tech Student of final year of Civil Engineering, pursuing B.tech from Abdul Kalam Technical Institute, Lucknow.
In this report the student tries to give a brief knowledge about the Concrete brick and its present life Exploration with cost analysis and merit demerits.
Who Invests in Hedge Funds in My State?ManagedFunds
The Hedge Fund Investor Map takes publicly available data from both public and private pension plans, university endowments, and foundations in all 50 states to show what groups are investing in hedge funds. Public pensions such as the AFL-CIO, AFSCME, or Florida Retirement System, and corporate pensions like UPS, 3M, or John Deere all invest in hedge funds. In fact, public pension funds represent the largest portion of capital invested in hedge funds by institutional investors at over 22%.
Powder Metallurgy enables the processing of materials with very high melting points, including refractory metals such as tungsten, molybdenum, and tantalum. Such metals are very difficult to produce by melting and casting and are often very brittle in the cast state.
Advantages of Powder Metallurgy
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Standard plank for wood lamination on khaya ivorensisIzzah Noah
khaya ivorensis species
wood lamination
standard for ripping and planing wood
lamination with two different types of surfaces
rough and smooth surface glue surfaces
khaya ivorensis have interlocking grain which easy to split( wood defect)
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Characteristics of the wood such as color, shape of pore, density range etc.
The physical properties of wood that affect adhesive bonding
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Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
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LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
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Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
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We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
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In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
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https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
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Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Unsubscribed: Combat Subscription Fatigue With a Membership Mentality by Head...
8. chapter 3
1. 10
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Manufacturing of Particleboard
Figure 3.1: Manufacturing process of particleboard
Chipping and flaking
Blender material (resin+wood)
Cold press
Drying below 10%
Screening
Mat forming
Hot press
Oil palm plantation
Testing
Trimming into desired length
2. 11
3.2 Preparation of Particleboard
3.2.1 Preparation of Raw Material
Plate 3.2.1: Pluck the oil palm fronds
The raw material in this research is oil palm frond that was obtained from Hutan
Simpan UiTM Cawangan Pahang. Through sickle the tree, 20 pieces of frond was
cut while the leaves and thorn were removed. The frond were cut into three parts;
middle, top and bottom.
3. 12
3.2.2 Chipping and Flaking
Plate 3.2.2: Wood Chipper Machines
Plate 3.2.2.1: Wood Flaker Machine
The wood veneer is chipped using chipper machines and the chip is being reduced
to fine flakes by using the flaker machines to get the desired thickness and length.
This contributes to the optimum strength and smooth finish on the surfaces of the
boards.
4. 13
3.2.3 Drying and Screening
Plate 3.2.3: The screening of the particles
Plate 3.2.3.1: Particle put into oven for reduce moisture content
The screening process is the dried flakers are screened to separate fine and coarse
particles. The wet flakes are dried in the oven at required moisture level. At
drying process, the flakes with the separate sizes, of the particles size 1.0 mm and
2.0 mm only, into oven dry, between 800
c and 850
c temperature for 24 hours with
moisture content below 10%. This process was done to avoid particleboard
structure ahead damaged problem.
5. 14
3.2.4 Glue-Mixing & Blending
Plate 3.2.4: The conducting of particleboard mixer
This process is mixing all material (resin, wood material; oil palm frond particles,
phenol formaldehyde (PF)). The particles are weighed and after few minutes
rotating in particle mixing machine, the PF is put into the machine for about 10
minutes and followed by the mat forming process.
3.2.5 Mat Forming
Plate 3.2.5: Mat forming process
6. 15
The particle mixture is weighed at desired amount. For one layer it was then put it
into the mould and pre-press for making mat forming. The mould dimension that
used is 350mm x 350mm. This process and mixing process is repeated three times
to make 3 boards differentiated by PF content. This process is to remove the air
bubbles between particles and to reduce the size of the mat.
3.2.6 Hot Pressing
Plate 3.2.6: Put particles into hot press
After pre-press section, the mat was bought to the hot press section. The
temperature for the hot process is 1700
c. There are three cyclic pressure with
different type (1800psi, 180 sec), (1200 psi, 120 sec), (800psi, 60 sec) and six
minutes. The Hot Press which operates automatically on Programmable Logic
Control compresses the mat under high pressure and controlled temperature to
form boards to precise thickness. In this section, it should not have the air inside
the mat, if it still rights there the low quality of production will produce. Beside
that it needs to achieve the required thickness (12mm).
7. 16
3.2.7 Trimming
Plate 3.2.7: Trimming of the particleboard
Before the trimming process, the board must be kept cold that took 3-5 minutes to
cold. Then the finished boards were cut to desired length, width and to square the
edges, usually trimmer will consist of saws with tungsten carbide tips. Lastly the
finishing process of particleboard where, it includes drawing line on the board
based on the standard size of each test.
8. 17
3.2.8 Testing
Figure 3.2.8: The cutoff of testing for particleboard
When the boards are trimmed, the boards are used for testing to get the properties
of the board. This study, we have three types of testing has been conducted:
bending, internal bond, and thickness swelling test.
MOE/MOR 1
MOE / MOR 2
IB1 TS1 IB2 TS2 IB3 TS3 IB4
MOE / MOR 3
TS4 IB5 TS5 IB6 TS6 IB7 TS7
MOE / MOR 4
9. 18
3.3 Method of Testing
3.3.1 Bending Test
Plate 3.3.1: Bending testing
This testing is to measure the mechanical properties of the particle board. Such as
the measure the Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE).
From this testing the mode of failure from testing as well as for structural
application requiring strength and rigidity is identify. For this particleboard, the
testing for the sample is important to determine the characteristics for overall
samples.
3.3.1.1 Modulus Of Rupture (MOR) :
The index of the ultimate breaking strength when loaded as a simple beam. MOR
is important in applications such as shelving and desk tops. MOR is influenced
directly by the wood species used in the board, board density, particle geometry,
resin content, as a board thickness increase, a greater load is required to cause
failure.
3.3.1.2 Modulus Of Elasticity (MOE):
Value to measure the resistance to bending related to stiffness of a beam. The
load is applied at the middle of the specimen and it will deflect. At proportional
10. 19
limit that cause by the deflection, by using the computer. MOE can be can be
calculated by using the beam size, span load and the deflection of the board.
3.3.2 Internal Bonding
Plate 3.3.2: During the internal bonding process
An overall measure of the board’s integrity that defines how well the core
material is bonded together. In the standard test for IB, dimension of 50mm x
50mm piece of particleboard is pulled apart with tension applied perpendicularly
to both faces. IB is influence directly by board density, resin content, particle
geometry and raw material type.
11. 20
3.3.3 Thickness Swelling & Water Absorption
Plate 3.3.3: Preparation testing of Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling
These types of testing usually for measurement of the physical properties of
particleboard. The Thickness Swelling and Water Absorption test is done by
soaking the sample to the water. Before soaking the sample to the water the
weight for Water Absorption testing and the length and diameter for Thickness
Swelling testing is recorded.