Mainly a research project idea and background work. This project is under supervision of Dr. Md. Ashiqur Rahman, Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET.

1. FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF
PARTICLE BOARDS FROM INDIGENOUS
AGRICULTURAL AND HOUSEHOLD WASTES AND
OPTIMIZATION OF THE MANUFACTURING
PROCESS
Principal Investigator
Dr. Md. Ashiqur Rahman
Associate Professor
Dept. of ME, BUET
Presented By
Md. Mydul Islam
Student ID: 0417102028

2. TOPICS TO BE COVERED
 Introduction
 Particle Board
 Manufacturing Process
 Why Alternative Material?
 Objective
 Previous Research Works
 Background Work
 Preparation of PB
 Measurement of Mechanical Properties
 Result and Discussion
 Conclusion
 Recommendation 2

3. WHAT IS PARTICLE BOARD?
 An engineered wood product manufactured from wood
chips, sawmill shavings, or even sawdust
 Substitute for conventional wood and plywood
 Low cost but lighter and weaker in terms of strength
 Applications:
wall partitions, ceiling materials, furniture
3

4. TYPES OF PARTICLE BOARD
01. Laminated Particle Board 02. Veneered Particle Board
03. Cement-Bonded PB 04. Melamine Particle Board 4

5. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
 Industrial Process
5

6. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
 Laboratorial Scale
6

7. WHY AGRICULTURAL AND HOUSEHOLD WASTES?
o Tremendous demand and production of particle
boards
o Reduction of wood supply from natural forest
o Possible use of solid wastes such as coconut coir,
nut-shell, rice husk, rice straw, abandoned plants etc.
o Economic advantage
7

8. OBJECTIVE OF THIS WORK
o To develop new agricultural and residential waste material-
based particle boards that can be served as cost effective
substitute to the conventional PB.
o To find possible methods for the optimization of the
manufacturing processes.
o To carry out the micro-structural studies and morphological
analysis of the particles and interfacial bonding of the raw
materials with the resin matrix.
8

9. PREVIOUS RESEARCH WORKS
 Biological, physical and mechanical properties of particleboard
from waste tea leaves [1997]
- M. K. Yalinkilic, Y. Imamura, M. Takahashi, H. Kalaycioglu, G. Nemli, Z.
Demirci, T. Ozdemir
 Characterization and utilization of vine prunings as a wood
substitute [2002]
- G. A. Ntalos, A. H. Grigoriou
 Suitability of kiwi (Actinidia sinensis Planch.) prunings for
particle board manufacturing [2003]
- G. Nemli, H. Kirci, B. Serdar, N. Ay
 Bamboo chips as an alternative lignocellulosic raw material for
particle board manufacture [2004]
- A. N. Papadopoulos, C. A. S. Hill, A. Gkaraveli, G. A. Ntalos, S. P.
Karartergiou 9

10. PREVIOUS RESEARCH WORKS
 Manufacture and properties of binderless particleboard from
bagasse [2005]
- R. Widyorini, J. Xu, K. Umemura, S. Kawai
 Some of the properties of particleboard made from paulownia
[2005]
- H. Kalaycioglu, I. Deniz, S. Hiziroglu
 Properties of Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) made from
wet and dry stored bagasse [2006]
- H. Z. Hosseinabadi, M. Faezpour, A. J. Latibari, A. Enayati
 Application of liquefied wood as a new particle board
adhesive system [2010]
- M. Kunaver, S. Medved, N. Cuk, E. Jasiukaityte, I. Poljansek, T. Strnad
10

11. PREVIOUS RESEARCH WORKS
 Characterization of raw materials and manufactured
binderless particleboard from palm biomass [2011]
- R. Hashim, W. N. A. W. nadhari, O. Sulaiman, F. Kawamura, S. Hiziroglu,
M. Sato, T. Sugimoto, T. G. Seng, R. Tanaka
 Producing particle board using of mixture of bagasse and
industrial wood [2011]
- T. Tabarsa
 Development of eco-friendly particle board composites using
rice husk particles and gum arabic [2013]
- Y. Suleiman, V. S. Aigboidion, L. Shuaibu, M. Shangalo
 Assessing the potential of particle board production from food
waste [2017]
- S. vakalis, A. Sotiropoulos, K. Moustakas, D. Malamis, M. Loizidou
11

12. BACKGROUND WORK
 Fabrication and Characterization of Low Density Particle
Board from Pseudo-stem of Banana Plant
- Ashraful Alam Jimmim, Md. Takvir Alam Khan, Md. Ashiqur Rahman
 Time period of work: 2016-17
 Raw material collection and processing: Narsingdi
 Experimental works: SM Lab (ME, BUET)
12

13. WHY BANANA PSEUDO-STEM?
 Abundance of banana plant almost everywhere
round the year in Bangladesh
 Low cost
 No previous works using banana pseudo-stem
 Chemical composition of pseudo-stem
 Cellulose (53.5%) – Fibrous property
 Hemicellulose (13.9%) – Fibrous Property
 Lignin (18.6%) – Binding Property
 Pectin (3.1%) – Water Repellent
13

14. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
Preparation of Particle Board
Raw Materials:
 Processed Banana Pseudo-stem
- 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm sized
- dried naturally in the sun, water loss 94% by mass
 Resin
- Urea Formaldehyde (UF)
- Wax induced
- pH level: 7 – 7.5
14

15. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
Preparation of Particle Board
Setup for Board Fabrication:
 Die with required dimension
 Temperature: 175-180 degree Celsius
 Pressure: 35 Kg/cm2
 Hot Press Duration: 10 minutes
 Board Density: 700 Kg/m3
 Dimension of Board Sample: 6 in x 4 in
15

16. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
Preparation of Particle Board
 Finished Product
 Sample
- made from finished board according to the
dimension requirement stated in ASTM standard 16

17. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
Measurement of Mechanical Properties
 Tension Test
 Sample Size: 2 in x 2 in, Thickness same as finished board
 Resin percentage 10% constant
 Internal Bond (IB) strength is measured
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18. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
Measurement of Mechanical Properties
 Compression Test
 Sample Size: Width 1 inch, Thickness 10 mm, Length 4
times the thickness (40 mm)
 Resin percentage varied (8%, 9%, 10%, 12%)
 Maximum Crushing Strength is measured
18

19. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
Measurement of Mechanical Properties
 Screw Holding Test
 Sample Size: 4 in x 3 in, Two 13 mm thick board were
glued to achieve required thickness (greater than 1 in)
 Screw: 16 TPI, 3.55 mm root diameter and length 1.5 in
19

20. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
 Internal Bond (IB) Strength
 Obtained from tension test
 Decreases with increasing thickness
 Probability of finding weak layer in case of thick board
20

21. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
 Maximum Crushing Strength
 Obtained from compression test
 Function of resin %
 PB with 9% resin exhibits highest max. crushing
strength.
 Decreases with increasing resin %
21

22. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
 Screw Withdrawal Force
 Function of resin %
 Highest for 9% resin
 Lower values for other resin percentages
22

23. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
 Fracture Analysis
 Upper or lower surface of tension test specimens
exhibits fractures.
 Barreling in case of compression test. Fracture at
almost middle of the thickness.
23

24. CONCLUSION
 Dried banana pseudo-stem has suitable chemical
and physical properties to be used as the primary
raw material of medium and low density particle
board.
 Urea formaldehyde resin is compatible with banana
fiber.
 Max. Crushing Strength and Screw Withdrawal
Force vary with resin percentage. 9% resin
percentage is the most suitable one.
 IB Strength is a function of thickness. Very high
thickness is not desired.
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25. RECOMMENDATIONS
 Different resins (melamine formaldehyde resin, phenolic
resin, gum arabic etc) can be applied to determine the
most suitable resin.
 Density was fixed for all tests. It can be varied to check
it’s effect on different properties.
 Effect of resin % can be checked for tensile strength.
 Effect of thickness can be checked for maximum
crushing strength and screw withdrawal force.
 Bending Strength is an important property. Experiment
for this property can be carried out.
 No nail withdrawal and edge screw withdrawal test was
performed. Further works are needed.
 Thickness swelling and water absorption test is also
recommended.
 Other alternative materials (coconut coir, solid food
waste etc) can be used. 25

26. THANK YOU
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