panel product made by compressing small particle of wood while simultaneously bonding them with an adhesive.........

1. DIPLOMA IN WOOD INDUSTRY
FINAL YEAR REPORT
WTE 375
PARTICLEBOARD FROM OIL
PALM FROND
NORHALIMAHTUS SAADIAH BINTI RAZALI (2009445966)
NOOR AIN BINTI MOHD HAZAN (20094842772)
IZZAH AZIMAH BINTI NOH (2009482646)

2. INTRODUCTION

3. PARTICLEBOARD
panel product made by compressing small particle of wood while simultaneously
bonding them with an adhesive.
first made in Germany in1940.
nine types of board that are:
1. chips
2. flake
3. wafer
4. sawdust
5. excelsior
6. sliver
7. strand
8. shaving
9. fiber
Particleboard can be choose to undergo either flat press or extruded press but the
most popular is flat press.

4. S
PECIES : OIL PALM FROND
SOURCE : UITM AGRICULTURE FARM
REASON : TO REDUCE WASTE OF OIL PALM

5. PROPERTIES OF PARTICLEBOARD

6. CHARACTERISTIC OF PARTICLEBOARD
• cheaper
• denser
• More uniform that conventional wood and
plywood
• is substituted for them when appearance
• strength are less important than cost
•The strength of the board will depend on;
- density
- thickness
- layered
- graded structure
- adhesive

7. MATERIAL

8. • Particle come out with different sizes by using
screening machine
• wood species is oil palm
• particle sizes as a parameter:
- 1.0 mm
- 2.0 mm
• resin that use in producing the particleboard is
phenol formaldehyde.
• using different concentration as a parameter:
- 7%
- 9%
-11%

9. MACHINE

10. •CHIPPER
to chip large pieces of wood
• FLAKER
for cutting into desired sizes flakes from chips as
well as sliced bamboo and crushed veneer
•SCREENING
screening the flake into differences size

11. •OVEN
for reducing the moisture content of flake
•BALANCE
balancing weight of PF and also balancing
weight of particle

12. •PARTICLEBOARD MIXER
for mixing the particle with resin
•COLD PRESS
for reducing the thickness of particle board and
consolidate the resin
•HOT PRESS
for heating and curing the resin

13. •ARM SAW
for trimming the edge of particle board
•TABLE SAW
To cut the particleboard for testing
•INSTRON (TESTING MACHINE)
For test the bending and internal bonding

14. PARICLEBOARD CALCULATION

15. PARTICLE BOARD CALCULATION
for 7% phenol formaldehyde

16. 1. Calculate total materials required per board
Target density = 600kg/m³
Thickness = 12mm
Length x width = 35mm x 35mm
Material required per board
= Length x Width x Thickness x Density
= 35cm x 35cm x 1.2cm³ x 0.6g/cm³
= 882g (at ± 10% equivalence Moisture Content)
=801.8g (at oven died weight)

17. 2. Calculated resin required
Resin content = 7%
Solid content of resin = 40.2% (as given as
supplier)
Amount of liquid resin required =
[ RS/SC x Wt. per board ]+ 5%
= (0.09/0.402 x 801.8) + 5%
= 146.58g

18. 3. Calculated equivalence resin content
Equivalent resin content= Liquid resin x solid content
= 139.6 x 0.402
= 56.12g

19. 4. Calculate oven-dried weight of wood flakes
Wood flakes (O/D wt.)= Material wt. – resin wt.
= 801.8g – 56.12g
= 745.68g

20. 5. Calculation air-dried weight of wood required
M.C of wood = 3%
Wood (A/D wt.)= [ Wood (O/D) x (1 + MC/100) ] + 5%
= 745.68 x 1.03 + 5%
= 806.45g

21. PARTICLE BOARD CALCULATION for
9% phenol formaldehyde

22. Material required per board
= Length x Width x Thickness x Density
= 35cm x 35cm x 1.02cm³ x 0.6g/cm³
= 882g (at ± 10% equivalence Moisture Content)
=801.8g (at oven died weight)

23. 2. Calculated resin required
Resin content = 9%
Solid content of resin = 40.2% (as given as
supplier)
Amount of liquid resin required
= [ RS/SC x Wt. per board ]+ 5%
= (0.09/0.402 x 801.8) + 5%
= 188.48g

24. 3. Calculated equivalence resin content
Equivalent resin content
= Liquid resin x solid content
= 179.51 x 0.402
= 72.16g

25. 4. Calculate oven-dried weight of wood flakes
Wood flakes (O/D wt.)= Material wt. – resin wt.
= 801.8g – 72.16g
= 729.64g

26. 5. Calculation air-dried weight of wood required
M.C of wood = 3%
Wood (A/D wt.)
= [ Wood (O/D) x (1 + MC/100) ] + 5%
= 729.64 x 1.03 + 5%
= 789.11g

27. PARTICLE BOARD CALCULATION for
11% phenol formaldehyde

28. 1. Calculate total materials required per board
Target density = 600kg/m³
Thickness = 12mm
Length x width = 35mm x 35mm
Material required per board
= Length x Width x Thickness x Density
= 35cm x 35cm x 1.2cm³ x 0.6g/cm³
= 882g (at ± 10% equivalence Moisture Content)
=801.8g (at oven died weight)

29. 2. Calculated resin required
Resin content = 11%
Solid content of resin = 40.2% (as given as
supplier)
Amount of liquid resin required
= [ RS/SC x Wt. per board ]+ 5%
= (0.11/ 0.402 x 801.8) + 5%
= 230.37g

30. 3. Calculated equivalence resin content
Equivalent resin content = Liquid resin x solid content
= 219.40 x 0.402
= 88.20g

31. 4. Calculate oven-dried weight of wood flakes
Wood flakes (O/D wt.) = Material wt. – resin wt.
= 801.8g – 88.20g
= 713.6g

32. 5. Calculation air-dried weight of wood required
M.C of wood = 3%
Wood (A/D wt.)= [ Wood (O/D) x (1 + MC/100) ] + 5%
= 713.6 x 1.03 + 5%
= 771.76g

33. PARTICLEBOARD MANUFACTURING

34. Frond cleaning
Oil palm tree Oil palm frond
process
Flaking process Wood chip Chipping process

35. Particle base on
Wood flakes screening process
sizes
Weight the resin weighing process Oven dry

36. Matt forming
Mixing process Cold press
process
Trimming process particleboard Hot press

37. Marking for testing Cutting for testing Measure the width
Thickness swelling Weight the
Measure the length
testing particleboard

38. Testing
Bending testing Internal Bonding Thickness Swelling
testing testing

39. TESTING

40. MALAYSIAN STANDARD TESTING
BENDING : MS1787 :PART 10 :2005
IB : MS1787 :PART 11 :2005
TS : MS1787 :PART 6 :2005
MOE MOR IB TS
>2000 >14 >0.45 <12

41. PARTICLEBOARD CUTTING SECTION FOR TESTING
•MOE
measure the resistance to bending
related to stiffness of a beam MOE/MOR 1
•MOR MOE / MOR 2
The index of the ultimate breaking IB1 TS1 IB2 TS2 IB3 TS3 IB4
strength when loaded as a simple
beam MOE / MOR 3
TS4 IB5 TS5 IB6 TS6 IB7 TS7
•IB
for measure the mechanical
properties of the particle board. MOE / MOR 4
•TS
measurement of the physical
properties of particleboard

42. BENDING TESTING This testing is for measure the
mechanical properties of the particle
board.
Usually, this testing is for measure
the Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and
Modulus of Elasticity (MOE)
From this testing we can know the
mode of failure from testing as well as
for structural application requiring
strength and rigidity
For this particleboard, the testing for
the sample is important to determine
the characteristics for overall samples.

43. INTERNAL BONDING
An overall measure of the board’s
integrity that defines how well the
core material is bonded together.
 In the standard test for IB,
dimension of 50mm x 50mm piece of
particleboard is pulled apart with
tension applied perpendicularly to
both faces.
IB is influence directly by board
density, resin content, particle
geometry and raw material type.

44. THICKNESS SWELLING
These types of testing usually for
measurement of the physical
properties of particleboard.
The Thickness Swelling and Water
Absorption test we soaked the sample
to the water.
Before we soaked the sample to the
water we must take the weight for
Water Absorption testing and the
length and diameter for Thickness
Swelling testing.

45. RESULT

46. GRAPH OF 1.0 MM SIZE PARTICLE

47. GRAPH MOR 1.0 mm
MOR
Mean Standard
17.44
14
12.21
10.02
7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

48. GRAPH MOE 1.0 mm
MOE
Mean Standard
2306.43
2000
1721.91
1460.98
7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

49. GRAPH IB 1.0mm
IB
Mean Standard
1.97
1.28
1.12
0.45
7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

50. GRAPH TS 1.0mm
Percentage of Thickness Swelling
Percent (%) Standard
24.53
22.12
16.03
12
7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

51. GRAPH WA 1.0mm
Percentage of Water Absorbtion
Percent (%)
133.44
118.92
102.51
7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

52. GRAPH OF 2.0MM SIZE PARTICLE

53. GRAPH MOR 2.0mm
MOR
Mean Standard
18.38
14
12.6
10.91
7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

54. GRAPH MOE 2.0mm
MOE
Mean Standard
2507.96
2000
1666.99 1771.35
7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

55. GRAPH IB 2.0mm
IB
Mean Standard
1.35
0.70
0.69
0.45
7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

56. GRAPH WA 2.0mm
Percentage of Water Absorbtion
Percent (%)
119.76
116.95
112.87
7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

57. DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN
2.0 MM AND 1.0MM

58. Differentiation MOR between Particle 1.0mm and
2.0mm
18.38
17.44
12.21
14
10.91
12.6
10.02
7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.
1.0mm 2.0mm Standard

59. Differentiation MOE between Particle 1.0mm and
2.0mm
2507.96
1771.35 2306.43
1666.99 2000
1721.91
1460.98
7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.
1.0mm 2.0mm Standard

60. Differentiation IB between Particle 1.0mm and 2.0mm
1.97
1.28
1.12
1.35
0.69 0.70
0.45
7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.
1.0mm 2.0mm Standard

61. Differantiation Percentage Thickness Swelling
between Particle 1.0mm and 2.0mm
31.73
23.46
19.18
24.53 22.12
16.03
12
7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.
1.0mm 2.0mm Standard

62. Differentiation Percentage Water Absorption Particle
1.0mm and 2.0mm
1.0mm 2.0mm
119.76 118.92
112.87
133.44
116.95
102.51
7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

63. RESULT SUMMARY

64. SAMPLES MOE MOR IB TS WA
A
1.0mm 1460.98 10.02 1.12 24.53 133.44
7%pf
B
1.0mm 1721.91 12.21 1.28 22.12 118.92
9%pf
C
1.0mm 2306.43 17.44 1.97 16.03 102.51
11%
D
2.0mm 1666.99 10.01 0.69 31.73 119.76
7%pf
E
2.0mm 1771.35 12.60 0.70 23.46 116.95
9%pf
F
2.0mm 2507.96 18.38 1.35 19.18 11.87
11%pf
STANDARD >2000 >14 >0.45 <12 -

65. DISCUSSION

67. MYSTAT ANALYSIS

68. MOE
Sources p-value
Size 0.139
Resin 0.000

69. MOR
Sources p-value
Size 0.483
Resin 0.000

70. IB
Sources p-value
Size 0.000
Resin 0.000

71. TS
Sources p-value
Size 0.000
Resin 0.000

72. CONCLUSION

73. • The bigger size of particle the better of MOE
and MOR.
• The smaller size of particle the better IB and
Thickness Swelling.