Ethylene is a plant hormone that regulates many processes in plants including fruit ripening, flower and leaf senescence, and stress responses. It was discovered in 1864 that gas leaks caused abnormal plant growth and was later identified as the hydrocarbon ethylene. Ethylene is produced from methionine through various intermediates and binds to receptors in plants to trigger gene expression changes and physiological responses. Some key effects of ethylene include stimulating fruit ripening, inducing leaf and flower abscission, breaking seed and bud dormancy, and causing the "triple response" in seedlings.
Plant hormones are naturally occurring organic substances that affect physiological processes. There are five major groups of plant hormones, such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene. In this presentation describes about ethylene with its biosynthesis, transport, pathways and physiological effects.
Presentation for Plant Physiology. I was in charge of creating and designing the presentation as well as formating the images and information. Our projec won our class competition in regards to overall look and presentation.
By -
Avinash Darsimbe
Assistant Professor
Department of Botany
Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati
Physiology of Senescence and Abscission
B.Sc. III (Sem - V)
BOTANY : PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University,Amravati
Everything about photoperiodism from scratch to smart, from the oldest models to the latest models as well as proposed one, exclusive and elusive illustrations and models for proper understanding
Plant hormones are naturally occurring organic substances that affect physiological processes. There are five major groups of plant hormones, such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene. In this presentation describes about ethylene with its biosynthesis, transport, pathways and physiological effects.
Presentation for Plant Physiology. I was in charge of creating and designing the presentation as well as formating the images and information. Our projec won our class competition in regards to overall look and presentation.
By -
Avinash Darsimbe
Assistant Professor
Department of Botany
Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati
Physiology of Senescence and Abscission
B.Sc. III (Sem - V)
BOTANY : PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University,Amravati
Everything about photoperiodism from scratch to smart, from the oldest models to the latest models as well as proposed one, exclusive and elusive illustrations and models for proper understanding
Ethylene is a very important plant hormone and it plays a significant role in the post harvest life of fresh produce. Sometimes being positive and sometimes not. The damage resulting from ethylene exposure could easily be minimized if there was a greater awareness of the potential harm and the simple measures that can be used to prevent damage.
Ethylene the only gaseous plant hormone (C2H4)
This is a simple gas that is produced naturally in small quantities by many plant tissues and is able to diffuse readily, via intercellular spaces, throughout the entire plant body.
Ethylene is involved primarily in plant responses to environmental stresses such as flooding and drought, and in response to infection, wounding and mechanical pressure.
It also influences a wide range of developmental processes, including shoot elongation, flowering, seed germination, fruit ripening and leaf abscission and senescence.
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2. INTRODUCTION
• Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a Hydrocarbon which has the
formula C2H4 or H2C=CH2. It is a colourless flammable gas with a faint
"sweet and musky" odour when pure. It is the simplest alkene.
• Ethylene serves as a hormone in plants. It acts at trace levels throughout the
life of the plant by stimulating or regulating the ripening of fruit, the
opening of flower, and the abscission(or shedding) of leaves. Commercial
ripening rooms use "catalytic generators" to make ethylene gas from a liquid
supply of ethanol. Typically, a gassing level of 500 to 2,000 ppm is used, for
24 to 48 hours.
3. HISTORY OF ETHYLENE
• In 1864, it was discovered that gas leaks from street lights led to stunting of
growth, twisting of plants, and abnormal thickening of stems
• Dimitry N. Neljubow (1901)(A Russian scientist) was the first to show the
importance of ethylene present in illuminating coal gas as a growth regulator of
plants.
• It was mainly concerned with the application of smoke to induce flowering in
pineapple and ripens banana.
• The active component of smoke was shown to be ethylene by Croker and Knight
(1908)
• Ethylene has been used since the ancient Egyptians, who would gash figs in order
to stimulate ripening (wounding stimulates ethylene production by plant tissues).
The ancient Chinese would burn incence in closed rooms to enhance the ripening
of pears
4. CHEMISTRY OF ETHYLENE:
• Ethylene is unsaturated hydrocarbon. It
is colourless gas which is lighter than
air at room temperature and sparingly
soluble in water.
• Ethylene is flammable and highly
volatile
• Ethylene is readily absorbed by
potassium permanganate (KMnO4). The
latter is frequently used to remove
excess ethylene from the storage
chambers.
6. BIOSYNTHESIS OF ETHYLENE
• Ethylene is derived from amino acid Methionine.
• A non-protein amino acid, 1-amino cyclopropane-l-carboxylic
acid (ACC) is an important intermediate and also immediate
precursor of ethylene biosynthesis
7.
8. • Break seed and bud dormancy
The dormancy of many seeds such as cereals can be broken by application of
ethylene
Ethylene application increases the rate of germination
Ethylene treatment sometimes used to promote bud sprouting in potato and
other tubers
• Fruit ripening
It Stimulate fruit ripening. The hormone is now known to accelerate ripening of
fruits in most cases including banana, apple, tomato etc.
In apple, the softening of fruits increases with increase in ethylene concentration.
9. • Growth inhibition
Exogenous application of ethylene inhibits the plant growth.
In most dicots, growth of stem, root and leaves inhibited but the hormone
enhances radial growth as a result both stem and root swell in response to
ethylene
• Stimulate abscission
It induces abscission of leaves fruits and leaves.
The abscission increases with ethylene concentration
Exposing fruiting cotton plants to 0.5ppm ethylene causes 100% abscission
of young fruits and floral buds within 2 days. In this respect, it is believed
that initial effect of ethylene is to lower the auxin content
10. • Induce flowering
In most cases ethylene inhibits flowering but in pineapple, mango and
litchi it has stimulatory effect
Plants can be treated with ethylene directly or by using ethylene releasing
compound like etherel stimulate ethylene production
• Sex Expression
Ethylene stimulate femaleness in plant. Cucumber and melon normally
produce male flowers earlier than female flowers. Ethylene stimulate the
early production of female flowers in these crops.
• Plumular Hook Formation
In etiolated dicot seedlings, the plumular tip (i.e., shoot apex) is usually
bent like a hook. This hook shape is advantageous to seedling for
penetration through the soil, protecting the tender apical growing point
from being injured
11. • Formation of Adventitious Roots and Root Hairs:
Ethylene induces formation of adventitious roots in plants from different
plant parts such as leaf, stem, peduncle and even other roots. In many
plants especially Arabidopsis, ethylene treatment promotes initiation of
root hairs
• Triple Response:
Ethylene causes ‘triple response’ of etiolated seedling such as in pea
which consists of:
(i) Inhibition of stem elongation,
(ii) Stimulation of radial swelling of stems and
(iii) Horizontal growth of stems with respect to gravity (i.e.,
diageotropism)
Triple response effects of etiolated seedlings were the first to be related
to beginning of discovery of ethylene as natural plant growth hormone.
12. INHIBITOR OF ETHYLENE
• Aminoethoxy- vinylglycine(AVG).
• Aminooxyacetic acid(AOA)
• Silver ions
• Carbon dioxide at high concentration(5-10%)
• trans- cyclooctane
• 1-methylcyclopropene
13. MECHANISM OF ETHYLENE ACTION
• Binding of ethane to a
receptor
• Activation of one or more
single transduction
pathway.
• Modulation of gene
expression leading to
cellular response.
1. Ethylene Gas (C2H4), 2. Plasma Membrane, 3.
Receptor, 4. Endoplasmic Reticulum, 5. CTR1 6.
EIN2 7. EIN3, 8. DNA, 9. mRNA ,10. HIS1
Differentiation and Growth