Movement in plants
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This document summarizes different types of movements in plants. There are three main categories: hygroscopic movements caused by changes in water levels; endogenous movements stimulated from within the plant itself; and exogenous movements triggered by external stimuli. Exogenous movements include tropisms like phototropism (light), geotropism (gravity), chemotropism (chemicals), and thigmotropism (touch). They also include nastic movements which are non-directional responses to stimuli, and taxis movements where the plant part orients itself towards a stimulus. Examples are given for each type of movement.
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Plant movements occur in response to external stimuli and include tropic and nastic movements. Tropic movements are directional, including phototropism (toward light), geotropism (toward gravity), hydrotropism (toward water), and chemotropism (toward chemicals). Nastic movements are non-directional responses to stimuli like temperature and include folding of leaves. Examples of specific nastic movements are epinasty (bending toward the ground), hyponasty (upward bending), and nyctinasty (opening and closing with day/night cycles).
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Plant Project _DG
This document summarizes an experiment on plant tropisms conducted by Irbin Victorino and Rudy Grijalva. They hypothesized that bean seeds planted horizontally and vertically would grow in different directions due to water and light stimuli. Their independent variable was the orientation of the bean seeds, and the dependent variable was the direction of plant growth. They observed that the plants grew towards light and that the roots grew downward in search of water, supporting the hypothesis that plants exhibit tropisms in response to environmental stimuli.
Plant movement
Plant movements exist to help plants obtain resources and adapt to their environment. Plants move their organs, such as roots growing downward towards water and shoots growing upward towards light. Other movements include carnivorous plants trapping insects, flowers closing at night, pollen tubes moving towards ovules for fertilization, and stomata opening and closing to regulate transpiration. Understanding these plant movements can help improve crop production by manipulating the environment or internal control mechanisms.
Lectures 1 4
The document provides an overview of the course ACS 104: Crop Physiology. It describes the intended learning outcomes which are to describe plant cell structure and function, plant physiology related to structure and environment, photosynthesis and respiration, water movement in plants, and plant development stages. It then discusses various topics in depth including plant cell parts, distinguishing features of plants, consequences of being stationary, environmental positioning, sensing and responding to the environment, dangers in the environment, plant water relations, water transport in plants, and water potential.
Coordination 2
Plants can move in response to stimuli through growth movements and turgor movements. Growth movements include autonomic movements controlled by the plant itself and paratonic movements induced by external stimuli like light, moisture, gravity, chemicals, and touch. Paratonic movements include tropic movements where the plant grows toward or away from a stimulus, as well as nastic movements resulting from changes in turgor pressure. Tropic movements are mediated by plant hormones like auxins, which promote cell growth and cause plants to bend toward or away from a stimulus depending on its concentration. Auxins also influence other growth processes like apical dominance, adventitious root growth, fruit development and ripening, and weed control.
Interaction in plants
Plants react to stimuli in three main ways: tropisms, nastic movements, and changes in vital processes. Tropisms are directional growth responses to stimuli like light, gravity, water, and touch. Nastic movements involve rapid reversible movements of plant parts in response to light or touch. Changes in vital processes alter processes like flowering, fruiting, and leaf drop in response to seasonal factors such as temperature, daylight hours, and length of night.
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The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
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Movement in plants
- 3. HYGROSCOPICMOVEMENT: • This is the movement of part of plant that is caused by the influence of the change of the water level from its cells so happens non- homogeneous wrinkling. •Example: the breaking of dried Kalanchoe Pinnata fruit. •The opening of sporangium in fern as the cause of wrinkling annulus cells.
- 5. Endogenous movement (autonomic) • It is movements that is not known yet it causes suddenly but predicted that this motion is caused by stimulus that comes from the body of plant itself. • Example: The flowing movement of cytoplasm in cell. The blending movement of leaf bid because of difference of growth velocity.
- 6. Exogenous movement: etionom/esionom It is plant movement that is caused by external stimulus. External stimulus such as: Light, gravity, water, touch and chemical substances .
- 7. The various kind of exogenous movement in plants: Tropism movement Nastic movement Taxis movement
- 9. Phototropism: •It is tropism movement that is caused by stimulus of light. • Examples the tip of plant that lie in the room will bend to the direction of incident of light.
- 10. Geotropism: • It is tropism movement that follows earth gravitational force. • Positive geotropism: geotropism movement that its direction is downwards. • Negative geotropism: geotropism movement that its direction is upwards.
- 12. Chemotropism • Tropism movement that is caused by chemical substances stimulus. • Example: the movement of roots toward the fertilizer in the soil.
- 13. Thigmotropism: • It is tropism movement that is caused by stimulus of touch to the harder thing. • Example: Tendril of plant movement.
- 14. Hydrotropism: • It is the movement of the pant root that is influenced by reservation of soil water.
- 15. Nastic movement: • It is plant movement to stimulus, that its direction is not determined by stimulus but by plant itself. • Kinds if nastic movements: 1. Photonasty 2. Nictinasty 3. Thigmonasty 4. Thermonasty 5. Complex nasty.
- 16. Photonastic: • Nasty movement caused by stimulus of light. • Example: • the opening of Mirabilis Jalapa flower at certain time.
- 17. Nictinasty: • Nasty movement that is caused by dark condition. • Example: the closing of compound leaves of Leucaena Leucocephala at night.
- 18. THIGHMONASTY / SEISMONASTY • Nasty movement that is caused by stimulus of touch. • example: the closing of Mimosa Pudica when touched
- 19. THERMONASTY: • Nasty movement that is caused by temperature stimulus. • Example: tulip flower will bloom if the temperature rises.
- 20. COMPLEXNASTY: • Nasty movement caused by several factors all together. • Example: • the opening and closing of stomata is influenced by light , chemical substances , and water.
- 22. TAXIS MOVEMENT: • Transfer movement of all parts of plants to stimulus that its direction is determined by stimulus. • Kinds of taxis movements • Photo taxis • chemo taxis
- 23. Photo taxis: • Taxis movement that is caused by stimulus of light. • Example : • the movement of the chlorophyll to the surface of the leaves to get the light.
- 24. CHEMO TAXIS: • Taxis movement that is caused by chemical substance stimulus. • Example: • movement of spermatozoid of moss and fern to ovum that is found in archeogonium attached to the sugar or protein that is produced by archeogonium .
- 25. Done by Haniya Hedayth 10- a